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1、【考研英语】2021年 5 月黑龙江哈尔滨师范大学研究生招生考试英语练习题100道(附答案解析)第1题【单选题】It is a wise father that knows his own child,but today a man can boosthis paternal(fatherly)wisdomor at least confirm that hes the kids dad.All he needs to do is shell out$30 for paternity testing kit(PTK)at hislocal drugstoreand another$120 to
2、 get the results.More than 60,000people have purchased the PTKs since they first become availablewithout prescriptions last years,according to Doug Fogg,chief operatingofficer of Identigene,which makes the over-the-counter kits.More thantwo dozen companies sell DNA tests directly to the public,rangi
3、ng inprice from a few hundred dollars to more than$2500.In paragraphs 1and 2,the text shows PTK s.A、easy availabilityB、flexibility in pricingC、successful promotionD、popularity with households【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A o 段落主旨题。本文开篇提出All heneeds to do is shell out$30 for paternity testing kit(PTK)at hislocal d
4、rugstoreand another$120 to get the results/,指出了PTK这一测试的普遍性，第 2 段也跟进补充说明PTK测试的普遍性，所以A 的内容符合原文。第2题【单选题】Actually industry can vary a good deal over the centuries.A、alterB、improveC、alertD、perish【正确答案】A【答案解析】vary改变；im prove改善，增进；提高 的价值。第3题【单选题】My neighbours used to give me a hand in time of t r o u b l e
5、,w a svery kind of them.A、whoB whichC thatD、it【正确答案】B【答案解析】非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义。第4题【单选题】War may be a natural expression of biological instinct and drives towardaggression in the human species.Natural impulses of anger,hostility,andterritoriality（守卫士也盘的天性）are expressed through acts of vi
6、olence.These are all qualities that humans share with animals.Aggression is akind of innate（天 生 的）survival mechanism,an instinct forself-preservation,that allows animals to defend themselves from threatsto their existence.But,on the other hand,human violence showsevidence of being a learned behavior
7、.In the case of human aggression,violence can not be simply reduced to an instinct.The many expressionsof human violence are always conditioned by social conventions thatgive shape to aggressive behavior.In human societies violence has asocial function:It is a strategy for creating or destroying for
8、ms of socialorder.Religious traditions have taken a leading role in directing thepowers of violence.We will look at the ritual and ethical（道德上的）patterns within which human violence has been directed.Humanviolence shows evidence of being a learned behavior in t hat.A、it threatens the existing social
9、systemsB、it is influenced by societyC、it has roots in religious conflictsD、it is directed against institutions of law【正确答案】B【答案解析】本段指出了人类暴力的两个特性，其中第二个特性是a learned behavior”。可以知道本题的答案应该就在本段的后面部分。接下来的第二句话即说人类暴力的诸多表现形式都受社会习惯的制约：The many expressions of humanviolence are always conditioned by social conv
10、entions that giveshape to aggressive behavior,将其定型为侵略性行为。第5题【单选题】The teacher told us the fact.A、which the earth moves around the sunB、that the earth moved around the sunC、that the sun moves around the earthD、that the earth moves around the sun【正确答案】D【答案解析】名词性从句中主句和从句中时态要保持一致。但是在此句中，后面讲述的是一个客观存在的事实规律
11、，所以要选答案D。第6题【单选题】At twenty-two,he had first learned what it is to a Negro.A、他22岁时，生平第一次尝到了对待黑人的滋味。B、他22岁时，生平第一次懂得了如何做一个黑人。C、他22岁时，生平第一次知道了黑人意味着什么。D、他22岁时，生平第一次知道是如何对待黑人的。【正确答案】A【答案解析】答 案 选A o本题解题的关键是what it is to aNegro,表示的意思是：对待黑人的滋味。第7题【单选题】Belts of parklands line three sides of the area and four
12、large opensquares of lawns and trees break the regularity of the city buildings.A、三面有公园环绕，区内四大广场有草坪和树木，打破了市区建筑的规整性。B、三面有公园环绕，区内四大广场有草坪和树木，打破了市区建筑的单调气氛。C、带状的公园为这个区域画了一条三边的线，四个开阔的广场的草坪和树木，打破了市区建筑的规整性。D、一条条的公园环绕着这个区域的三边，四个开阔的广场的草坪和树木，打破了市区建筑的单调性。【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B o本题考查的知识点为增词或减词。有时为了行文的需要，可以在译文里增加几个词，或
13、减少几个词。这是因为有些词在一种语言里可能是必要的，而在另一种语言里就会显得多余了。第8题【单选题】There must be book which could help.A、someB、anyC、oneD、one useful【正确答案】A【答案解析】som e除了用作数量词外，还可用来泛指未知的人或事物。又如：There must be some reason for what he hasdone.（他所做的事肯定基于某种原因。）第9题【单选题】The opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is,I think,them
14、ain attraction of a bookshop.There are not many places where it ispossible to do this.A music shop is very much like a bookshop.You cango to such places as much as you wish.If it is a good shop,no assistantwill approach you with the greeting:HCan I help you,sir?”You needntbuy anything you dont want.
15、In a bookshop,an assistant should remainin the background until you have finished reading.You may want to findout where a particular section is.Then,and only then,are his servicesnecessary.But when he has led you there,the assistant should leavepolitely and look as if he is not interested in selling
16、 a single book.Anassistant in a bookshop helps you.A、on your entering the shopB、just before you finish readingC、only when you want to find out where a particular section isD、when you are reading【正确答案】C【答案解析】In a bookshop,an assistant should remain in thebackground until you have finished reading.You
17、 may want tofind out where a particular section is.Then,and only then,arehis services necessary.在书店里，店员只是在你想知道具体的书籍的位置时，他才会帮你。第10题【单选题】Central heating became popular only after the Civil War.Typically,coalburning furnaces（火炉）fueled the early systems.Natural gas haddeveloped into the leading fuel by
18、1960.Its acceptance resulted in partfrom its wide uses.Because it comes primarily from U.S.and Canadianfields,natural gas is also less vulnerable（脆弱的）than oil is to War.Oilremains the most important fuel in a few areas,such as NewEngland.What fuel is the dominant fuel in New England?A、GasB、Electrici
19、tyC、WoodD、Oil【正确答案】D【答案解析】该题问的是：在新英格兰什么燃料是最主要的?第一段的最后一句话是这么说的：在少数地区，如新英格兰,石油仍然是最主要的燃料。第11题【单选题】His manners are rough,but he is a kind man.A、in personB、with heartC、at heartD、by heart【正确答案】C【答案解析】in person亲自。with heart用心的。at heart本质上/内心里。by heart凭记忆。第12题【单选题】Only two countries in the advanced world pr
20、ovide no guarantee for paidleave from work to care for a newborn child.Last spring one of the two,Australia,gave up that dubious distinction by establishing paid familyleave starting in 2011.1 wasnt surprised when this didn/t make the newshere in the United Stateswe/re now the only wealthy country w
21、ithoutsuch a policy.The United States does have one explicit family policy,theFamily and Medical Leave Act,passed in 1993.It entitles workers to asmuch as 12 weeks unpaid leave for care of a newborn or dealing with afamily medical problem.Despite the modesty of the benefit,theChamber of Commerce and
22、 other business groups fought it bitterly,describing it as“government run personnel management and a“dangerous precedent/In fact,every step of the way,as(usually)Democratic leaders have tried to introduce work-family balancemeasures into the law,business groups have been stronglyopposed.What has pre
23、vented the passing of work-family balance laws inthe United States?A、The lack of a precedent in American history.B、The existing Family and Medical Leave Act.C、The opposition from business circles.D、The incompetence of the Democrats.【正确答案】C【答案解析】答 案 选C o事实细节题。根据题干定位到第2段末句。本句中提到，尽管民主党领导人努力将工作与家庭的平衡措施提
24、上立法日程，但那些商业组织还是一直都强烈反对。C项中的opposition与文中的strongly opposed相对,business circles与文中的business groups相对应，故正确答案为C项。文 中 说 家庭与医疗休假法在1993年时通过，故排除A项“在美国历史上没有先例；B项“现 有 的 家庭与医疗休假法，并非主要原因；文中提到民主党领导人支持工作与家庭的平衡措施的实施，只是遭到了来自商业团体的反对，故排除D项“民主党的无能。第 13题【单选题】Its impossible to detach oneself from reality.A、scatterB、separ
25、ateC、reformD、prescribe【正确答案】B【答案解析】detach分离；派遣；使超然；separate分开；隔开；分居。第 14题【单选题】Late one Sunday afternoon in September 1999,Oseola McCarty,anelderly cleaning lady passed away in the little wooden frame housewhere she had lived and worked most of her life.It may seem like anordinary end to a humble lif
26、e,but there was something quite exceptionalabout this woman.In the summer of 1995,McCarty gave$150,000,most of the money she had saved throughout her life,to the Universityof Southern Mississippi in her hometown.The money was to help otherAfrican Americans through university.She had started her savi
27、ngs habitas a young child when she would return from school to clean and iron formoney which she would then save.This woman shocked and inspired theworld b e c a u s e.A、she had managed to save so much moneyB、she gave her money to African AmericansC、she gave her life savings to help others through u
28、niversityD、she only spent money on cheap things【正确答案】C【答案解析】only是绝对词，在选项D 中出现，根据经验排除 D；对照原文第一自然段最后一句话there was somethingquite exceptional about this woman 说她有些特别的地方，接着第二自然段就讲 In the summer of 1995,McCarty gave$150,000,most of the money she had saved throughout herlife,to the University of Southern M
29、ississippi in her hometown.她把大部分积攒的钱捐献给了家乡的大学，A和B表达都不全面，答案是Co第 15题【单选题】While we cannot close the gulf between us,we can try to bridge it sothat we may be able to talk across it.A、当我们无法弥合我们之间的鸿沟时，我们可以搭一座桥，以便越过它进行会谈。B、在我们不能弥合双方之间的鸿沟时，我们可以修一座桥，为的是能够进行会谈。C、虽然我们不能弥合双方之间的鸿沟，我们却能够设法搭一座桥,以便我们能够越过它进行会谈。D、虽然我
30、们可以修一座桥，为的是能够进行会谈，但我们却无法弥合双方之间的鸿沟。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。本句虽然用了连词w h ile,但分句与主句之间是一种让步关系，因此w hile可译为“虽然。此句中 的bridge用作动词，这是一种形象的说法，译为“搭一座桥。第 16题【单选题】On a September day in 1991,two Germans were climbing the mountainsbetween Austria and Italy.High up on a mountain pass,they found thebody of a man lying on t
31、he ice.At that height(10,499 feet,or 3,200meters),the ice is usually permanent,but 1991 had been an especiallywarm year.The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so thebody had come to the surface.lt was lying face downward.The skeletonwas in perfect condition,except for a wound in the head.Th
32、ere was stillskin on the bones and the remains of some clothes.The hands were stillholding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were verysimple leather and cloth boots.Nearby was a pair of gloves made of treebark(树皮)and a holder for arrows.What can be inferred from paragraph2?A、The Icema
33、n lived a poor life.B、The Iceman could have died from the wound in the head.C、The Iceman was struck dead from behind.D、The Iceman was killed while working.【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B o推理判断的答案不会偏离主题，但答案在文章中肯定没有。长选项可以作为答案的参考。第17题【单选题】She had come to England to pursue an acting career.A、striveB、removeC、quitD、cha
34、se【正确答案】D【答案解析】pursue继续；从事；追赶；纠缠；chase追逐；追捕。第18题【单选题】Every student and every t e a c h e r.A、are going to attend the meetingB、have attended the meetingC、has attended the meetingD、is attended the meeting【正确答案】C【答案解析】代 词 each和由every,some,no,any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each,every,谓语需用单数。第19题【单选题】Mr.Zhang gave
35、 all the textbooks to all the pupils,except whohad already taken them.A theseB onesC、the onesD、the others【正确答案】C【答案解析】。件本来是数词，但也可用作不定代词，代替前面刚提到的一个东西或人，避免重复前面刚提到的名词，有 时one可以有自己的定语或冠词，甚至可以有复数形式。第20题【单选题】The car honked at me until I fastened my seat belt.A、汽车向我发出嘟嘟的声音，直到我系上了安全带。B、汽车发出嘟嘟的声音，我系上安全带就不响了。C
36、、汽车在我系上安全带之前发出嘟嘟的声音。D、汽车发出嘟嘟的声音，我才系上了安全带。【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选Bountil在否定句中表示的意思是 直到.才；在肯定句中等于before；本句的意思是：汽车一直嘟嘟地响，直到我系上安全带才停下来。翻译的时候要体现连词until表示的意思，所以比较恰当的用法应该是B项。A项虽然有“直到的意思，但是表达方式不符合汉语习惯，意思模糊不清。第21题【单选题】My father did not go to New York;the doctor suggested that he_ there.A、not wentB、wont goC、not goD、
37、not to go【正确答案】C【答案解析】suggest后面的从句用sb.should do的形式，should可以省略。第22题【单选题】The flood went down,leaving the village destroyed.A、mainlyB completelyC、exactlyD、thoroughly【正确答案】B【答案解析】mainly主要的。completely完 全 的（强调整体性）。thoroughly彻 底 的（强调无疏漏）。第23题【单选题】Who should I send this message to?The mayor is the oneA、to s
38、end itB、to be sentC、for sendingD、to send it to【正确答案】B 答案解析】第一句提供了语境 应把消息送给谁？“应送给市长”。故A是错误的，正确答案为D,即send the message tothe mayoro被修饰的名词为不定式的间接宾语时，不定式后应加上适当的介词。第24题【单选题】Frankfurt,Germany,is one of the most populated regions ofWest Europe.A、denselyB、vastlyC、enormouslyD、largely【正确答案】A【答案解析】densely稠密的。va
39、stly广泛的。enormously巨大的/庞大的。largely主要的/很大程度上。第25题【单选题】Its impossible to detach oneself from reality.A、scatterB、separateC、reformD、prescribe【正确答案】B【答案解析】detach分离；派遣；使超然；separate分开；隔开；分居。第 26 题 Directions：You are going to read a list of headings and a textabout gun control.Choose the most suitable headin
40、g from the list AFfor each numbered paragraph(l5).The first and last paragraphs of thetext are not numbered.There is one extra heading which you do notneed to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET I.(10 points)AVarious definitions of law-abiding citizensB Contrastive proof：historical vs.realisticC P
41、ersonal claim for gun controlD NO 2AmendmentE Supporters for gun controlF Assumption proposedWiththe possible exception of abortion,no other current issue has split thecountry into two like the debate surrounding gun control.Both sides areequally adamant.The pro-gun side,as represented by the Nation
42、al RifleAssociation(NRA)，continues to oppose all gun control measuresprimarily on the grounds that any law restricting gun ownership isunconstitutional.1.Proponents of gun control argue thatgun violence is an epidemic out of control across the country,and call onfederal lawmakers to stem the flow of
43、 blood with anti-gunlegislation.This side won a crucial battle in the debate two years agowith the passage of the so called“Brady Bill,Federal legislation thatbanned the production and sale of some semiautomatic rifles andinitiated a waiting period and background check for gun buyers.However,more re
44、cently than now Republican-controlled Congress,with thebacking of the NRA,has reignited that battle with plans to repeal theBrady Bill.2.The second amendment to the constitutionguarantees Americans the right to keep and bear arms withoutgovernment interference.Gun control advocates seem ready and ea
45、gerto disregard this fight which is currently being exercised by 70 milionAmericans.3.I believe that the governments struggle tokeep guns out of the hand of juveniles and criminals is a worthy one,butwhen it comes to unconstitutional interrogation then its setting out ofcontrol.The government is cur
46、rently trying to implement laws that willkeep weapons out of the hands of every one.The people on capital hillsay that they want a safer America,they want the youth of America togrow up in a caring non-violent environment,yet all they really want is amore productive best in its class nation.4.Histor
47、y provesthat Criminal behavior cannot be controlled by the governmentattempting to regulate inanimate objects.In other words,criminals willalways find a way to get a hold of drugs,guns.Proof：drugs may be illegalyet we still have one heck of a problem with them；thus,if guns of somesort are made illeg
48、al then,we will probably end up with one heck of agun problem.I believe that its not that they need a gun or think its cool,I think it is just the thrill of breaking the law and rebelling.5.Take into consideration this hypothesis：punishment shouldbe a sort of“after market type deal,where you should
49、not be punishedfor having a gun.The punishment should be overly severe for using a gunin an improper manner.People should not fear guns；they should fearusing a gun.【正确答案】1-5 EDCBF【答案解析】1.【答案】E【解析】此文章说的是对枪械管制态度的两个阵营，首段首先写的是反对此种管制一方的态度，紧接着第2 段写支持枪支管制一方的态度，故选项E为正确答案。2.【答案】D【解析】文章承接选项D,NO 2Amendment写第二次
50、宪法修正案的内容，选项D 为正确答案。3.【答案】C【解析】文章中I believe”即个人观点，选项C 为正确答案。4.【答案】B【解析1文章写了history proves.”和proof”即历史证明和证据，与 选 项 B 中的historicalvs.realistic”相照应，为正确答案。5.【答案】F【解析】文章中hypothesis”与选项E中“assumption”为同义词，即“假设”为正确答案。第27题【单选题】A great number of houses would have to be removed to make way forthe new amusement p