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1、【考研英语】2021年3月上海师范大学研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）第1题【单选题】Drug use accounts for approximately three-quarters of all reportedcases of HIV in the country.A、possiblyB、roughlyC、generallyD、specificly【正确答案】B【答案解析】approximately大致地，近似地。roughly大体上，大致上。参考译文：在那个国家，在所报道的所有艾滋病病例中，吸毒者约占75%。第2题【单选题】I four universities and
2、 was accepted by all of them.A、applied toB、applied fromC、applied inD、applied off【正确答案】A【答案解析】题目意思：我申请了四所大学，并都被他们录取了。apply t o向 正式申请；向 要求，答案选A。第3题【单选题】Excessive weight gain doesnt do you any good.A、过分的B、扩大的C、进化的D、非常【正确答案】A【答案解析】excessive adj.过多的，极度的；过分的。第4题【单选题】He wrote a lot of novels,none o f trans
3、lated into a foreignlanguage.A、themB、whichC、itD、what【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题的答案是A,注意此句不是并列句也不是含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。逗号后面其实是一个独立结构。translated不是谓语，而是一个非谓语动词(过去分词),所 以 假 若 在translated前加一个助动词w a s,则此题应选(which),构成一个非限制性定语从句。第5题【单选题】The furniture is the modern style of the house.A、consistent withB、coping withC、dealing wi
4、thD、sticking with【正确答案】A【答案解析】be consistent with：与一致。答案选A。第6题【单选题】the few who have failed in their examination,all the otherstudents in the hall are in very high spirits.A、In spite thatB、But forC、Apart fromD、For the sake of【正确答案】C【答案解析】apart from 除 之外，只有该词组符合题意。第7题【单选题】Every student and every t e a
5、c h e r.A、are going to attend the meetingB、have attended the meetingC、has attended the meetingD、is attended the meeting【正确答案】C【答案解析】代词each和由every,some,no,any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each,every,谓语需用单数。第8题【单选题】The tall,well-dressed gentleman standing before me was certainly a farcry from the old sea wolf of
6、my imagination.A、站在我面前的这位身材高大、衣着讲究的先生，当然是像我想象中的老海狼发出的一声遥远的呼唤了。B、一位身材高大、衣着讲究的先生站在我面前，发出的一声遥远的呼唤，像我想象中的老海狼。C、站在我面前的是一位身材高大、衣着讲究的先生，与我先前想象的老海怪完全不同。D、站在我面前的是一位身材高大、衣着讲究的先生，与我想象中的老海怪一样发出了长长的叫声。【正确答案】C【答案解析】standing before me”是现在分词短语，作定语，修辞gentleman,译成汉语可放在句首。a far cry fromsth/doing sth”是习语，意思是：a very dif
7、ferent experience fromsth/doing sth与某事物 做某事物 大不相同。wolf是狼的意思，“sea wolf在这里是指海员，海员因长期在海上航行，在常人眼里有点怪异，译作 海怪”比较贴切。第9题【单选题】Because Helen is his wife,it is difficult for Alan to be about hertalent.A、subjectiveB、objectiveC、impressiveD、persuasive【正确答案】B【答案解析】subjective主观的。objective客观的。impressive印象深刻的。persuas
8、ive善于游说的。第10题【单选题】the new plan can be carried out will be discussed at themeeting tomorrow.A、WhichB、WhatC、ThatD Whether【正确答案】D【答案解析】句意为，是否执行新的计划将在明天的会议上进行讨论。因此答案为D。第11题【单选题】These rules dont a l wa y s.A、appliesB、applyC、applyingD applied【正确答案】B【答案解析】题目意思：这些规则并非总能行得通。本题用apply原形，答案选B。第12题【单选题】Its impos
9、sible to detach oneself from reality.A、scatterB、separateC、reformD、prescribe【正确答案】B【答案解析】detach 分离；派遣；使超然；separate分开;隔开；分居。第13题【单选题】Man/s life is often compared a candle.A、asB、forC、withD、to【正确答案】D【答案解析】be compared to：被比喻为。句意：人生常被喻为蜡烛。答案选D。第14题【单选题】The clever boy made a hole in the wa l l,h e could se
10、ewas going on inside house.A、which;whatB、through which;whatC、through that;whatD what;that【正确答案】B【答案解析】through which引导定语从句，through which即through the hole,在定语从句中作状语.What引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语.第15题【单选题】The U.S.decided t h a t,i t s increasing trade deficit,it would have totighten important restriction.A、
11、in view ofB、with regard toC、in respect ofD、in the light of【正确答案】A【答案解析】in view of鉴于。with regard to关于/作为答复。in respect of 关于/谈及。in the light of 根据。第16题【单选题】me to give you some advice.A、PurchaseB、EssenceC、PermitD、Bound【正确答案】C【答案解析】Permit许 可;允 许。第 17 题 Directions:You are going to read a list of headings
12、 and a textabout world/s first DNA computers.Choose the most suitable headingfrom the list A-F for each numbered paragraph(1-5).The first and lastparagraphs of the text are not numbered.There is one extra headingwhich you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)AThe ability
13、 of DNA to store informationBExamples forthe future use of DNA computersCThe advantage of DNAcomputersDThe research of DNA computers is at the beginningstageEThe working principle of the microscopic computersFTheevaluation made by the researching team on DNA computerslsraeliscientists have built a D
14、NA computer so tiny that a trillion of them couldfit in a test tube and perform a billion operations per second with 99.8percent accuracy.l)It is the first programmableautonomous computing machine in which the input,output,softwareand hardware are all made of biomolecules.Instead of using fires andf
15、ormulas to solve a problem,the microscopic computer/s input,outputand software are made up of DNA moleculeswhich store and processencoded information in living organisms.2)Scientistssee such DNA computers as future competitors to their moreconventional cousins because miniaturization is reaching its
16、 limits andDNA has the potential to be much faster than conventional computers.“We have built a nanoscale computer made of biomolecules that is sosmall you cannot run them one at a time.When a trillion computers runtogether they are capable of performing a billion operations,said EhudShapiro,Profess
17、or of the Weitzman Institute in Israel.3)Although too simple to have any immediateapplications it could form the basis of a DNA computer in the future thatcould potentially operate within human cells and act as a monitoringdevice to detect potentially,disease-causing changes and synthesizedrugs to f
18、ix them.The model could also form the basis of computers thatcould be used to screen DNA libraries in parallel without sequencingeach molecule,which could speed up the acquisition of knowledgeabout DNA.4)DNA can hold more information in acubic centimeter than a trillion CDs.The double helix molecule
19、 thatcontains human genes stores data on four chemical basesknown bythe letters A,1。and Ggiving it massive memory capability thatscientists are only just beginning to tap into.The living cell containsincredible molecular machines that manipulate information-encodingmolecules such as DNA and RNA in w
20、ays that are fundamentally verysimilar to computation/said Shapiro,the head of the research team thatdeveloped the DNA computer,Since we don/t know how to effectivelymodify these machines or create new ones just yet,the trick is to findnaturally existing machines that,when combined,can be steered to
21、actually compute,he added.5）Writing in the sciencejournal Nature,Shapiro and his team describe their DNA computer theautomaton which can answer certain yes or no questions.Data isrepresented by pairs of molecules on a strand of DNA and two naturallyoccurring enzymes act as the hardware to read,copy
22、and manipulate thecode.When it is all mixed together in the test tube,the software andhardware operate on the input molecule to create the output.DNAcomputing is a very young branch of science that started less than adecade ago,when Leonard Adleman of the University of SouthernCalifornia pioneered t
23、he field by using DNA in a test tube to solve amathematical problem.Scientists around the globe are now trying tomarry computer technology and biology by using nature/s own design toprocess information.【正确答案】ECBAF【答案解析】1）【答案】E【解析】本段位于整篇文章第二段，在第一段概括介绍之后，这一段具体说明此类计算机的工作原理，故选Eo 2）【答案】C【解析】本段第一句话介绍说DNA计
24、算机具有较传统计算机运行速度更快的优势，之后通过以色列教授的话具体肯定，故整段是围绕DNA计算机的优势展开，选C。3）【答案】B【解析】本段主要是对DNA计算机在未来应用的展望，包括可以被植入人体细胞内，作为监控装置检测出潜在的致病变化，并合成药物 修理致病变化，还可以并行方式而非按顺序筛选DNA资料库，这样要可以加快人们对DNA知识的获取，故 选Bo 4）【答案】A【解析】本段第一句话说明每立方厘米DNA上可容纳的信息要比一万亿张光盘存储的容量还要多。由此可推断本段主要在介绍DNA存储信息的巨大能力，故选A。5）【答案】F【解析】此段第一句话引用 自然科学杂志刊登的一篇文章，说明在沙皮罗和研
25、究小组成员的眼中，DNA计算机是一种何种性质的装置，故 选F。第18题【单选题】The relationship between employers and employees has been studiedA、originallyB、extremelyC、violentlyD、intensively【正确答案】D【答案解析】originally原始的/原版的/独创的。extremely极度的。violently暴力的。intensively深入的/细致的。第19题【单选题】When the whale is killed,the blubber is stripped off and bo
26、iled down,either on board ship or on shore.A、当鲸鱼被杀死之后，鲸脂被剥下来熬油，有时候是在船上进行的，有时候是在岸上进行的。B、当鲸鱼被杀死之后，把鲸脂剥下来熬油，这项工作有的是在船上进行的，有的是在岸上进行的。C、鲸鱼杀死之后，鲸脂被剥下来熬油，有时候是在船上进行的，有时候是在岸上进行的。D、鲸鱼杀死之后，把鲸脂剥下来熬油，这项工作有的是在船上进行的，有的是在岸上进行的。【正确答案】D【答案解析】答 案 选D o本题考查的知识点为被动语态。此处原文是被动语态，但译文不一定说 鲸鱼被杀死之后，不用 被 字仍可表示被动的含义。第20题【单选题】Tod
27、ay the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are notreligious but commercial,and forever happy.Fast-food eaters,newsanchors,text messengers,all smiling,smiling,smiling.Our magazinesfeature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes.Andsince these messages have an agendato lu
28、re us to open ourwalletsthey make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable.“Celebrate!”commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex,beforewe found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.In the authorsopinion,a d v e r t is in g.A、emerges in the wake of the anti团 happy artB、is a cause
29、 of disappointment for the general publicC、replaces the church as a major source of informationD、creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself【正确答案】D【答案解析】答 案 选 D o观点态度题。本段第4 句指出，商业 文 化（其代表就是广告）传达快乐信息的目的是诱使我们打开钱包，而这使快乐的概念本身变得不可信了。接着指出，我们忘记了，幸福不仅仅是没有痛苦的享乐，那些带来最大快乐的东西同时也最有可能带来巨大的损失和失望。
30、由此可知,广告带给我们的快乐是一种不真实的感受。因此D正确。第21题【单选题】Two little boys in particular caught our attentionA、两个小男孩特别注意我们。团B、两个特别的小男孩子尤其引起我们的注意。C、两个穿着特别的小男孩尤其引起我们的注意。团D、两个小男孩尤其引起我们的注意。【正确答案】D第22题【单选题】No longer.The Internet and pressure from funding agencies,who arequestioning why commercial publishers are making money
31、 fromgovernment-funded research by restricting access to it-is making accessto scientific results a reality.The Organization for Economic Co-operationand Development(OECD)has just issued a report describing thefar-reaching consequences of this.The report,by John Houghton ofVictoria University in Aus
32、tralia and Graham Vickery of the OECD,makesheavy reading for publishers who have,so far,made handsome profits.But it goes further than that.It signals a change in what has,until now,been a key element of scientific endeavor.Which of the following is trueof the OECD report?A、It criticizes government-
33、funded research.B、It introduces an effective means of publication.C、It upsets profit-ma king journal publishers.D、It benefits scientific research considerably.【正确答案】C【答案解析】答 案 选C o事实细节题。本段显示：大多数期刊都已开始通过互联网出版，O ECD的研究报告表明，新出版模式将给科学研究带来变化，并将产生深远的影响。makeheavy reading的含义是 读来让人感到心情沉重，即依靠传统期刊出版模式盈利的机构会感受到
34、巨大压力。因此选项C是正确答案。选项A在原文中并没有提及；选项B中的问题出在“介绍一种有效的出版模式的表述上，OECD的研究报告只是对出版新模式的将来进行客观评估与预测，并没有说它目前已经产生了效果；D的问题在于，报告本身并不能“给科研带来了相当大的好处。第23题【单选题】Mothers Day is a special day for everyone!We use this day to honor ourmothers all over the w o r l d!I t is held on the second Sunday ofMay in many countries,such
35、as Australia,Canada and the United States.It is held exactly three weeks before Easter Sunday in the UnitedKingdom.Sundays are usually non-school and non-working days in thesecountries.A、She wanted to memory her mother,Ann Jarvis.B、When is the earliest Mothers Day celebrationC、Many families begin Mo
36、thers Day with breakfast in bed.D Mothers Day falls on different days in different the countries.【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D。首段前两句话点名了文章的主题是关于母亲节的。要选择正确的空格内容，首先要判定空格后面出现的i t指的是什么。通读首段，不难发现，i t指的是不同国家母亲节的日子。纵览各选项，只有D选项最符合上下文语境。第24题【单选题】Late one Sunday afternoon in September 1999,Oseola McCarty,anelderly cleani
37、ng lady passed away in the little wooden frame housewhere she had lived and worked most of her life.It may seem like anordinary end to a humble life,but there was something quite exceptionalabout this woman.In the summer of 1995,McCarty gave$150,000,most of the money she had saved throughout her lif
38、e,to the Universityof Southern Mississippi in her hometown.The money was to help otherAfrican Americans through university.She had started her savings habitas a young child when she would return from school to clean and iron formoney which she would then save.This woman shocked and inspired theworld
39、 b e c a u s e.A、she had managed to save so much moneyB、she gave her money to African AmericansC、she gave her life savings to help others through universityD、she only spent money on cheap things【正确答案】C【答案解析】only是绝对词，在选项D 中出现，根据经验排除 D；对照原文第一自然段最后一句话there was somethingquite exceptional about this woma
40、n 说她有些特别的地方，接着第二自然段就讲 In the summer of 1995,McCarty gave$150,000,most of the money she had saved throughout herlife,to the University of Southern Mississippi in her hometown.她把大部分积攒的钱捐献给了家乡的大学，A 和 B 表达都不全面，答案是C。第25题【单选题】This television program provoked a spirited debate in the UnitedKingdom.A、disput
41、eB、issueC、lumpD、prejudice【正确答案】A【答案解析】debate辩论；辩论会；dispute辩论;争吵。第26题【单选题】On behalf of all of your American guests,I wish to thank you for theincomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famousthroughout the world.A、我谨代表你们所有的美国客人向你们的无可比拟的盛情款待表示感谢。中国人民以这种盛情款待而闻名世界。B、我谨代表你们所有的美国客人向你
42、们表示感谢，感谢你们的闻名世界的无可比拟的盛情款待。C、我谨代表你们所有的美国客人向你们表示感谢，感谢你们的无可比拟的盛情款待。中国人民以这种盛情款待而闻名世界。D、我谨代表你们所有的美国客人感谢你们的无可比拟的盛情款待。中国人民以这种盛情款待而闻名世界，果然名不虚传。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答 案 选C o本题考查的知识点为句子结构。这一句较长，先说“向你们表示感谢，停顿一下，再说“感谢你们的 ，而不直接说“感谢你们的 。第27题【单选题】Between the two rows of trees the teaching building.A、standB、standsC、standin
43、gD、are【正确答案】B【答案解析】这是个倒装句,主语是the teaching building,所以谓语动词用单数形式。第28题【单选题】Let/s the bird from the case.OA、liberateB、putC、setD、free【正确答案】D【答案解析】句意：咱们把鸟从笼子里放了吧。free意为“使自由;释放”，常与from连用；liberate意为 释放;put不能和from连用；set后面接from的时候还要加free,即set freefrom.第29题【单选题】We have great differences today.What brings us to
44、gether is that we havecommon interests which transcend those differences.A、现在我们有很大的分歧。但使我们走到一起的，是我们有跨越这些分歧的共同利益。B、今天我们有巨大的不同。使我们走到一起的，是我们有超越这些不同的共同利益。C、今天我们有巨大的分歧。使我们走到一起的，是我们有超越这些分歧的共同利益。D、今天我们有巨大的不同。使我们来到一起的，是我们有超过这些不同的共同兴趣。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。great differences在句子中表示的是“巨大的分歧的意思；interests在本句中不是表示“兴趣，
45、而是表示双方之间共同的利益。第30题【单选题】The little boy still needs the 20 dollars to do with some thingsA、remaining;remained to be settledB、remaining;remaining to be settledC、remained;remained to settleD、remained;remaining to settle【正确答案】B【答案解析】第一个remaining用作形容词，作 剩下的解;第二 个 remaining to be settled是-ing形式短语作定语。第31题【单
46、选题】me to give you some advice.A、PurchaseB、EssenceC、PermitD、Bound【正确答案】C【答案解析】Permit许可；允许。第32题【单选题】The furniture is the modern style of the house.A、consistent withB、coping withC、dealing withD sticking with【正确答案】A【答案解析】be consistent with：与一致。答案选A。第33题【单选题】There is a lot of luck in drilling for oil.A、以
47、钻探的方法找石油有很大的偶然性。B、以钻探的方法找石油全靠运气了。C、钻探石油有很大的偶然性。D、钻探石油是很幸运的事。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。drilling for o il表示 钻探石油;a lotof luck本意表示的是“运气，在本句中可以翻译为“偶然性第34题【单选题】the few who have failed in their examination,all the otherstudents in the hall are in very high spirits.A、In spite thatB、But forC、Apart fromD、For the sak
48、e of【正确答案】C【答案解析】apart from“除.之外，只有该词组符合题意。第35题【单选题】Many people act on without counting the cost.A、failB、impulseC、outlineD、rate【正确答案】B【答案解析】impulse冲动；电子脉冲；刺激；神经冲动；推 动 力。第36题【单选题】For their own safety,household pets should be confined to their ownyard.A、tamedB、regainedC、restrictedD contained【正 确 答 案】C
49、【答 案 解 析】confine限 制。restrict限 制，约 束。参 考 课 文：为 了 自 身 安 全，家 养 究 物 应 该 关 在 主 人 自 己 的 后 院 中。第37题【单选题】As Yale law professor Anne Alstott argues,justifying parental supportdepends on defining the family as a social good that,in some sense,society must pay for.In her book No Exit:What Parents Owe TheirChil
50、dren and What Society Owes Parents,she argues that parents areburdened in many ways in their lives:there is“no exit“when it comes tochildren.Society expectsand needsparents to provide their childrenwith continuity of care,meaning the intensive,intimate care that humanbeings need to develop their int