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1、【考研英语】2021年7月安徽师范大学研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）第1题【单选题】A large of the sunlight never reaches the earth while infra-redheat given off by the earth is allowed to escape freely.A、ratioB、proportionC、rateD、fraction【正确答案】B W lp ro p o rtio n ,指部分与整体的关系，如：A large proportion of the dolphins in that area willeven
2、tually die.根据题意，正确答案应为B。第2题阅读理解无解析“The word protection is no longer tab。（禁忌语）This shortsentence,uttered by French President Nicolas Sarkozy late last month,may have launched a new era in economic history.Why?For decades,Western lectern leaders have believed that lowering trade barriers andtariffs wa
3、s a natural good.Doing so,they reasoned,would lead togreater economic efficiency and productivity,which in turn wouldimprove human welfare.Championing free trade thus became a moral,not just an economic,cause.These leaders,If course,weren/t acting outof unselfishness.They knew their economies were t
4、he most competitive,so they/d profit most from liberalization.And developing countriesfeared that their economies would be swamped by swamped by superiorWestern productivity.Today,however,the tables have turned-thoughfew acknowledge it.The West continues to preach free trade,butpractices it less and
5、 less.Asia,meanwhile,continues to plead for specialprotection but practices more and more free trade.That/s why Sarkozyswords were so important:he finally injected some honesty into the tradedebate.The truth is that large parts of the West are losing faith in freetrade,though few leaders admit it.So
6、me economists are more honest.Paul Krugman is one of the few willing to acknowledge that protectionistarguments are returning,In the short run,there will be winners andlosers under free trade.This,of course,is what capitalism is all about.But more and more of these losers will be in the West.Economi
7、sts in thedeveloped world used to love quoting Joseph Schumpeter,who said thatcreative destruction“was an essential part of capitalist growth.But theyalways assumed that destruction would happen over there.WhenWestern workers began losing jobs,suddenly their leaders began to losefaith in their princ
8、iples.Things have yet to reverse completely.Buttheres clearly a negative trend in Western theory and practice.A littlehypocrisy(虚伪)is not in itself a serious problem.The real problem isthat Western governments continue to insist that they retain control ofthe key global economic and financial instit
9、utions while drifting awayfrom global liberalization.Look at whats happening at the IMF(International Monetary fund).The Europeans have demanded that theykeep the post of managing director.But all too often,Western officialsput their own interests above everyone else/s when they dominate theseglobal
10、 institutions.The time has therefore come for the Asians-who areclearly the new winners in todays global economy-to provide moreintellectual leadership in supporting free trade.Sadly,they have yet todo so.Unless Asians speak out,however,there/s a real danger that AdamSmith/s principles,which have br
11、ought so much good to the world,couldgradually die.And that would leave all of us worse off,in one way oranother.A、improving economic efficiencyB、ending the free-trade practiceC、lowering moral standardD、raising trade tariffs【正确答案】DA、it is beneficial to their economiesB、it is supported by developing
12、countriesC、it makes them keep faith in their principlesD、it is advocated by Joseph Schumpeter and Adam Smith【正确答案】AA、the Western leaders have become advocates of free tradeB、the Asian leaders have become advocates of free tradeC、the developed economies have turned less competitiveD、the developing ec
13、onomies have become more independent【正确答案】CA、set a long-term rather than short-term goalB、was an essential part of capitalist developmentC、entailed a positive rather than negative mentalityD、was meant to be the destruction of developing economies【正确答案】DA、European leaders are reluctant to admit they
14、are hypocriticalB、there is an inconsistency between Western theory and practiceC、global institutions are not being led by true globalizationadvocatesD、European countries interests are being ignored by economicleaders【正确答案】C第3题【单选题】On a September day in 1991,two Germans were climbing the mountainsbet
15、ween Austria and Italy.High up on a mountain pass,they found thebody of a man lying on the ice.At that height(10,499 feet,or 3,200meters),the ice is usually permanent,but 1991 had been an especiallywarm year.The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so thebody had come to the surface.lt was ly
16、ing face downward.The skeletonwas in perfect condition,except for a wound in the head.There was stillskin on the bones and the remains of some clothes.The hands were stillholding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were verysimple leather and cloth boots.Nearby was a pair of gloves made
17、 of treebark(树皮)and a holder for arrows.What can be inferred from paragraph2?A、The Iceman lived a poor life.B、The Iceman could have died from the wound in the head.C、The Iceman was struck dead from behind.D、The Iceman was killed while working.【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B o推理判断的答案不会偏离主题，但答案在文章中肯定没有。长选项可以作为答案的参考
18、。第4题【单选题】the few who have failed in their examination,all the otherstudents in the hall are in very high spirits.A、In spite thatB、But forC、Apart fromD、For the sake of【正确答案】C【答案解析】apart from除.之外”,只有该词组符合题意。第5题【单选题】When the whale is killed,the blubber is stripped off and boiled down,either on board sh
19、ip or on shore.A、当鲸鱼被杀死之后，鲸脂被剥下来熬油，有时候是在船上进行的，有时候是在岸上进行的。B、当鲸鱼被杀死之后，把鲸脂剥下来熬油，这项工作有的是在船上进行的，有的是在岸上进行的。C、鲸鱼杀死之后，鲸脂被剥下来熬油，有时候是在船上进行的，有时候是在岸上进行的。D、鲸鱼杀死之后，把鲸脂剥下来熬油，这项工作有的是在船上进行的，有的是在岸上进行的。【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D o 本题考查的知识点为被动语态。此处原文是被动语态，但译文不一定说“鲸鱼被杀死之后，不用 被字仍可表示被动的含义。第6题【单选题】Ericsson and his colleagues have t
20、hus taken to studying expertperformers in a wide range of pursuits,including soccer.They gather allthe data they cannot just predominance statistics and biographicaldetails but also the results of their own lavatory experiments with highachievers.Their work makes a rather startling assertion:the tra
21、it wecommonly call talent is highly overrated.Or,put another way,expertperformers whether in memory or surgery,ballet or computerprogramming are nearly always made,not born.Ericsson and hiscolleagues believe that.A talent is a dominating factor for professional successB biographical data provide the
22、 key to excellent performanceC、the role of talent tends to be overlookedD、high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture【正确答案】D【答案解析】答 案 选D o推理判断题。作者用了类似“令人震惊的结论这样浓墨重彩的表达突出了文章的最终结论“Their work makes a rather startling assertion:the trait wecommonly call talent is highly overrated.Or;put another w
23、ay,expert performers whether in memory or surgery,ballet orcomputer programming are nearly always made,not born/（他们的研究得出的结论令人惊讶：我们高估了通常称为天赋的特质。或者，换种方式来讲，表现出众的人一一无论记忆力超群者还是外科专家，无论舞姿优美的芭蕾舞演员还是出色的电脑程序设计员一一几乎都不是天生的，而是后天造就的。）其中A和C选项和原文主题观点相反；B是支持“出生年月日决定论是文章开篇所举的反例中的观点，所以均不正确。第7题【单选题】me to give you some
24、advice.A、PurchaseB、EssenceC PermitD、Bound【正确答案】C【答案解析】Permit许可；允许。第8题【单选题】The opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is,I think,themain attraction of a bookshop.There are not many places where it ispossible to do this.A music shop is very much like a bookshop.You cango to such places a
25、s much as you wish.If it is a good shop,no assistantwill approach you with the greeting:/zCan I help you,sir?”You needntbuy anything you don/t want.In a bookshop,an assistant should remainin the background until you have finished reading.You may want to findout where a particular section is.Then,and
26、 only then,are his servicesnecessary.But when he has led you there,the assistant should leavepolitely and look as if he is not interested in selling a single book.Anassistant in a bookshop helps you.A、on your entering the shopB、just before you finish readingC、only when you want to find out where a p
27、articular section isD、when you are reading【正确答案】C【答案解析】In a bookshop,an assistant should remain in thebackground until you have finished reading.You may want tofind out where a particular section is.Then,and only then,arehis services necessary.在书店里，店员只是在你想知道具体的书籍的位置时，他才会帮你。第9题【单选题】It was a keen disa
28、ppointment that I had to postpone my visit which I hadintended to pay to Germany in January.A、令我深感失望的是，我原计划访问德国，但不得不予以推迟到一月份。B、令我深感失望的是，我不得不在一月份推迟我对德国预定的访问。C、我原计划一月份访问德国，后来不得不予以推迟，这使我深感失望。D、我原计划访问德国，令我深感失望的是，我不得不在一月份予以推迟。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答 案 选C o本题主要考查英语评价句的翻译。需要对某事发表评论或表明态度时，英语的语序和汉语不同。英语是先评论，或先表态，然后再说
29、有关的事情或情况。汉语则相反，评论或表态性的话往往是放在句子的后面。第10题【单选题】My neighbours used to give me a hand in time of t r o u b l e,w a svery kind of them.A whoB、whichC、thatD、it【正确答案】B【答案解析】非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义。第11题【单选题】Both Tom and his brother take after their father not only in appearancebut also in character.A
30、、resembleB、assimilateC、followD、reflect【正确答案】A【答案解析】take after与 相像。resemble像，相似。参考译文：汤姆和他兄弟不仅长相像他们父亲，性格也相似。第12题【单选题】Drug use accounts for approximately three-quarters of all reportedcases of HIV in the country.A、possiblyB、roughlyC、generallyD、specificly【正确答案】B【答案解析】approximately大致地，近似地。roughly大体上，大致上。
31、参考译文：在那个国家，在所报道的所有艾滋病病例中，吸毒者约占75%。第13题【单选题】Frankfurt,Germany,is one of the mos t populated regions ofWest Europe.A、denselyB、vastlyC enormouslyD、largely【正确答案】A【答案解析】densely稠密的。vastly广泛的。enormously巨大的/庞大的。largely主要的/很大程度上。第14题【单选题】The thief tried to open the locked door but.A、in no wayB、in vainC、witho
32、ut effectD、at a loss【正确答案】B【答案解析】in no way决不。invain徒劳。without effect无效。at a loss茫然。第15题【单选题】Scarcely less important than machinery in the agricultural revolution wasscience.A、在农业革命中，机械没有科学重要。B、在农业革命中，科学没有机械重要。C、在农业革命中，科学和机械几乎同等重要。D、在农业革命中，机械和科学都不怎么重要。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。本题考查的知识点为理解原意。lessimportant是 没有
33、那么重要的意思，但一加上scarcely,意思就反过来了，表示“同等重要。第16题【单选题】For their own safety,household pets should be confined to their ownyard.A、tamedB、regainedC、restrictedD、contained【正确答案】C【答案解析】confine限制。restrict限制,约束。参考课文:为了自身安全，家养究物应该关在主人自己的后院中。第17题【单选题】Will all those the proposal raise their hands?A、in relation toB、in
34、contrast toC、in excess ofD、in favor of【正确答案】D【答案解析】in relation to关于。in contrast to相反/对立。inexcess of 超出。in favor of 喜欢。第18题【单选题】Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as thereference collections to which a sample is compared.Databases used bysome companies dont rely on dat
35、a collected systematically but ratherlump together information from different research projects.This meansthat a DNA database may differ depending on the company thatprocesses the results.In addition,the computer programs a companyuses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to pee
36、rreview or outside evaluation.In the last paragraph,a problemcommercial genetic testing faces is.A、disorganized data collectionB、overlapping database buildingC、excessive sample comparisionD、lack of patent evaluation【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A o事实细节题。本题提问商业基因测试所面临的一个问题是什么？文章尾段明确描述了在商业基因测试中面临的问题在于：“一个DNA的数据库会随着
37、公司的不同而不同，而不同的公司正是用不同的数据库信息来得出检测结果”。选项A提出“disorganized data collection”符合原文，为正确答案。选 项B中overlapping是指信息的重叠，文中并没有提到。第19题【单选题】The car honked at me until I fastened my seat belt.A、汽车向我发出嘟嘟的声音，直到我系上了安全带。B、汽车发出嘟嘟的声音，我系上安全带就不响了。C、汽车在我系上安全带之前发出嘟嘟的声音。D、汽车发出嘟嘟的声音，我才系上了安全带。【正确答案】B【答案解析】until在否定句中表示的意思是“直到 才 ；在肯
38、定句中等于before；本句的意思是：汽车一直嘟嘟地响，直到我系上安全带才停下来。翻译的时候要体现连词until表示的意思,所以比较恰当的用法应该是B项。A 项虽然有“直到的意思，但是表达方式不符合汉语习惯，意思模糊不清。第 20题【单选题】The pair of legs that carried him rickety,and there was a bias in his gaitwhich inclined him somewhat to the left of a straight line.A、支着他的两条腿老是摇摇晃晃的，他走路的姿势里，又总有一种倾斜的趋势，使他或多或少地往一条
39、直线的左边歪。B、他的两条腿摇摇晃晃的，他走路的步法又总是倾斜着，使他有点歪向一条直线的左边。C、支着他的两条腿摇摇晃晃的，他走路时又总是倾斜，使他有点往一条直线的左边歪。D、支撑着他的两条腿摇摇晃晃的，他走路时又总是倾斜，使他有点歪向一条直线的左边。【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。本题考查的知识点为选词。文学作品语言生动，其中选词是一个重要方面。动 词 carry有许多含义。此处译文具体化，译作“支着第 21题【单选题】This thesis led to a radical change of labor policies.A、temporaryB、terminateC、essenti
40、alD、reserve【正确答案】C【答案解析】radical根本的；essential基本的；本质的。第22题【单选题】Many people,when ill,see their doctors and ask them tosomething that will make them feel better.A、describeB prescribeC reviseD、devise【正确答案】B【答案解析】prescribe 开处方，开（药）。根据题意，正确答案应为B。第23题【单选题】This television program provoked a spirited debate i
41、n the UnitedKingdom.A、disputeB、issueC、lumpD、prejudice【正确答案】A【答案解析】debate辩论；辩论会；dispute辩论；争吵。第24题【单选题】We have to modify our plan a little bit.A、reduceB、sufferC、adjustD、utilize【正确答案】C【答案解析】modify修改，修饰;更改；adjust调整，使适合。第25题【单选题】While most parents do this out of love,there are public penalties for notpro
42、viding care.What parents do,in other words,is of deep concern tothe state,for the obvious reason that caring for children is not onlymorally urgent but essential for the future of society.The staterecognizes this in the large body of family laws that govern childrenswelfare,yet parents receive littl
43、e help in meeting the life changingobligations society imposes.To classify parenting as a personal choice forwhich there is no collective responsibility is not merely to ignore thesocial benefits of good parenting;really,it is to steal those benefitsbecause they accrue to the whole of society as tod
44、ay/s children becometomorrows productive citizenry In fact,by some estimates,the value ofparental investments in children,investments of time and money(including lost wages),is equal to 20-30%of gross domestic product.Ifthese investments generate huge social benefitsas they clearlydothe benefits of
45、providing more social support for the family shouldbe that much clearer.What does the author think of America/s large bodyof family laws governing children/s welfare?A、They fail to ensure childrens healthy growth.B、They fail to provide enough support for parents.C、They impose the care of children on
46、 parents.D、They emphasize parents legal responsibilities.【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。观点态度题。根据题干中的large bodyof family laws定位到本段第3 句。由本句 国家在大部分关乎孩子福利的家庭法案中意识到了这一点，但父母在面临社会强加给他们的无尽义务面前却几乎得不到任何帮助可知，作者认为美国的家庭法案没有为父母提供足够的支助，故选B项。作者在此强调的重点是父母得到的支持较少，而不是将照顾孩子的责任强加给父母，故排除C项;A项“他们未能确保儿童的健康成长，D项“他们强调父母的法律责任，这两项文中都未提及。第2
47、6题【单选题】The hurricane was incredibly devastating and left thousands homeless.A、forcefulB、mightyC、destructiveD、dangerous【正确答案】C【答案解析】devastating毁灭性的。destructive破 坏（或毁灭）性的。参考译文：飓风以其难以令人置信的破坏力使得成千上万的人无家可归。第27题【单选题】Facing growing costs and shrinking tax,the government is nowthreatening to cut funding for
48、 environmental protection programs.A budgetB collectionC、profitD、revenue【正确答案】D【答案解析】revenue 收入，税收，尤指国家的岁入。根据题意，正确答案应为D。第28题【单选题】Any principle is preferable to none.A、秘密的B、首要的C、初步的D、更好的【正确答案】D【答案解析】preferable a d j.更好的，更可取的；更合意的。第29题【单选题】-Did you ask the guard happened-Yes,he told me all_ he knew.A、
49、what;thatB what;whatC、which;whichD、that;that【正确答案】A【答案解析】what happened是宾语从句.a ll之 后that heknew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that.第30题【单选题】In this world of change and complexity,the need for information is ofgreatest importance.Those people who have accurate,reliableup-to-date information to solve the day-t
50、o-day problems,the criticalproblems of their business,social and family life,will survive andsucceed Knowledge is power may well be the truest saying and accessto information may be the most critical requirement of all people.We canlearn from the paragraph t hat.A、it is necessary to obtain as much k