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1、【考研英语】2021年3月福建师范大学研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）第1题【单选题】This thesis led to a radical change of labor policies.A、temporaryB、terminateC、essentialD、reserve【正确答案】C【答案解析】radical根 本 的;essential基本的；本质的。第2题【单选题】There is a lot of luck in drilling for oil.A、以钻探的方法找石油有很大的偶然性。B、以钻探的方法找石油全靠运气了。C、钻探石油有很大的偶然性。D、钻探石油是很幸运
2、的事。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。drilling for o il表示“钻探石油;a lotof luck本意表示的是“运气，在本句中可以翻译为 偶然性。第3题【单选题】Scientific conservatism suggests that a biological explanation should bethe last choice after all non-biological explanations are addressed/Allensaid,We have a lot of work to do to rule out（排除.的可能性）possible non
3、-biological explanations.It is more likely that a chemicalprocess,without biology,can explain these results.What can be inferredfrom what Allen said?A、Scientists have different arguments over whether there is life onTitan.B、Scientists all agree that there is life on Titan.C、Scientists all suggest th
4、at a biological explanation is reasonable.D、Scientists all agree that a non-biological chemical reaction is apossible explanation.【正确答案】A【答案解析】推理判断题。答题原则：和原文完全一样的选项肯定不是答案，推理判断题是对现象的推断。题目中有绝对词语 all must every merely have to barely only 一般是错误的,排除 B C D,根据 Scientific conservatism suggests that abiologi
5、cal explanation should be the last choice after allnon-biological explanations are addressedo 推断出科学家就Titan上是否有生命的的问题观点不同，与A一致。得到答案Ao第4题【单选题】If you enjoy looking through travel books by such familiar authors asArthur Frommer or Eugene Fodor,it will not surprise you to learn thattravel writing has a l
6、ong and venerable history.Almost from the earliestannals of recorded time individuals have found ready audiences for theiraccounts of journeys to strange and exotic locales.This passage is mostlyabout.A、why people find travel writing excitingB、the literary style of three early travel writersC、where
7、three early travel writers went and wrote aboutD、how to write a travel book【正确答案】C【答案解析】答 案 选 C o主旨题。联系第一自然段和每段首句知道，本文讲了三个作家，锁定答案B和 C,结合内容，文章主要讲关于他们的旅行和作品。第5题【单选题】As Yale law professor Anne AI stott argues,justifying parental supportdepends on defining the family as a social good that,in some sense,
8、society must pay for.In her book No Exit:What Parents Owe TheirChildren and What Society Owes Parents,she argues that parents areburdened in many ways in their lives:there is“no exit“when it comes tochildren.Society expectsand needsparents to provide their childrenwith continuity of care,meaning the
9、 intensive,intimate care that humanbeings need to develop their intellectual,emotional,and moralcapabilities.And society expectsand needsparents to persist in theirrole for 18 years,or longer if needed/What is Professor Anne Alstottsargument for parental support?A、Good parenting benefits society.B、T
10、he cost of raising children in the US has been growing.C、The US should keep up with other developed countries.D、Children need continuous care.【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A o 推理判断题。本段提到，社会也需要家长们对他们的孩子付出关爱，因为良好的父母教养能造福于社会，应选A 项。B 项“抚养孩子的成本在美国已越来越大,C 项“美国应该赶上其他发达国家，这两项在文中均未提及；D 项 儿童需要持续的照顾，是对文中的parents toprovide t
11、heir children with continuity of care 设置的干扰项。第6题【单选题】As Yale law professor Anne Alstott argues,justifying parental supportdepends on defining the family as a social good that,in some sense,society must pay for.In her book No Exit:What Parents Owe TheirChildren and What Society Owes Parents,she argue
12、s that parents areburdened in many ways in their lives:there is n。exit“when it comes tochildren.Society expectsand needsparents to provide their childrenwith continuity of care,meaning the intensive,intimate care that humanbeings need to develop their intellectual,emotional,and moralcapabilities.And
13、 society expectsand needsparents to persist in theirrole for 18 years,or longer if needed/What is Professor Anne AI stottsargument for parental support?A、Good parenting benefits society.B、The cost of raising children in the US has been growing.C、The US should keep up with other developed countries.D
14、 Children need continuous care.【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A o 推理判断题。本段提到，社会也需要家长们对他们的孩子付出关爱，因为良好的父母教养能造福于社会，应选A 项。B 项“抚养孩子的成本在美国已越来越大”,C 项“美国应该赶上其他发达国家，这两项在文中均未提及；D 项 儿童需要持续的照顾，是对文中的parents toprovide their children with continuity of care 设置的干扰项。第7题【单选题】Unemployment seems to be the social problem in this areaa
15、nd may undermine social stability.A、prevalentB、primitiveC、previousD、premature【正确答案】A【答案解析】prevalent普遍的，流行的。根据题意，正确答案应选A。第8题【单选题】In this context,it is important for our two societies to search for areas ofcooperation which clearly add to our mutual benefit.A、在这种上下文里，这是很重要的，我们两个社会应该寻求那些对我们两国确实互利的合作领域。
16、B、在这种情况下，我们两个社会应该寻求合作领域，那些对我们两国确实互利的，这是很重要的。C、在这种情景下，对于我们两个社会来说，寻求那些对我们两国确实互利的合作领域是很重要的。D、在这种情况下，我们两个社会应该寻求那些对我们两国确实互利的合作领域，这是很重要的。【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D。In this context：在这种情况下；tosearch for areas of cooperation：寻找合作领域；mutual benefit（双方）共同的利益；it 为形式主语，翻译时可以不译，把真实主语不定式提前译。第9题【单选题】She looks sad.Could you pl
17、ease tell me that prevents her frombeing as happy as before?A、what it isB、it is whatC、how it isD、it is how【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。强调句型的特殊疑问句为 疑问词+is+that/who从句”，同时这个疑问句作tell m e 的宾语从句，应用陈述句语序，故用what it is。本句意为 你能告诉我是什么事阻止了她像以前快乐吗？第10题【单选题】Economic factors aside,the imbalanced distribution of educationalre
18、sources also affects fairness of education.A、unjustB、impartialC、unevenD、improper【正确答案】C【答案解析】imbalanced不平衡的,不均衡的。uneven不均衡的。参考译文：除经济因素外，教育资源分配不均同样影响到了教育的公平性。第11题【单选题】It will strengthen you to know that your distinguished career is so widelyrespected and appreciated.A、当你知道你的杰出事业是如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏时,你就会力
19、量倍增。B、这会使你进一步坚定信念，因为你的杰出事业如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏。C、知道你的杰出事业是如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏会使你进一步坚定信念。D、这会使你坚定地认识到，你的杰出事业是如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏。【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。本题主要考查评论与表态。需要对某事发表评论或表明态度时，英语的语序和汉语不同。英语是先评论，或先表态，然后再说有关的事情或情况。汉语则相反，评论或表态性的话往往是放在句子的最后。第12题【单选题】Scarcely less important than machinery in the agricultural revolution
20、 wasscience.A、在农业革命中，科学没有机械重要。B、在农业革命中，机械没有科学重要。C、在农业革命中，科学和机械几乎同等重要。D、在农业革命中，机械和科学都不怎么重要。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答 案 选C o本句考查程度副词的翻译。本句的翻译重点是Scarcely less important,scarcely是程度副词，意思是 几乎不，简直没有。它本身带有否定的意思。lessimportant意思是 不如.重要，而 加scarcely之后，双重否定表示肯定，意思是两者是差不多同样重要的，所以应该选C。第13题【单选题】I had the illusion that I was
21、driving through one immensely long,narrowfarm.A、我有一种错觉，我是在驱车穿过一个特别狭长的农场。B、我感到仿佛是在驱车穿过一个特别狭长的农场。C、当我在开车穿过一个特别狭长的农场时产生了一种幻觉。D、我仿佛产生了一种错觉，那就是我开车穿过一个极长而狭窄的农场。【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选Bo had the illusion表示的是开车时的一种感觉，所以译为“我感觉仿佛这样比较好，而不直译为 错见J。第14题【单选题】Many years passed and the young man was very successful in busi
22、ness.He had a beautiful home and wonderful family,but realized his fatherwas very old,and thought perhaps he should go to him.He had not seenhim since that graduation day.Before he could make arrangements tosee his father,he received a telegram telling him his father had passedaway,and willed all of
23、 his possessions to his son.He needed to comehome immediately and take care things.When he arrived at his fathershouse,sudden sadness and regret filled his heart.When the young manarrived home,he fel t.A、sadB、disappointedC、horribleD nervous【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。事实细节题。年轻人回到家里，出现了两个关键词sadness和regret,可以判断年
24、轻人的心情是非常伤心的。故选A。第 15题【单选题】The heat was so from the fire that the firemen could not enterthe building.A、intenseB、tenseC、intensiveD violent【正确答案】A【答案解析】intense强烈的/挚热的。tense紧张的。intensive深入的/细致的。violent暴力的。第 16题【单选题】Actually industry can vary a good deal over the centuries.A、alterB、improveC、alertD peris
25、h【正确答案】A【答案解析】vary 改变；im p ro ve改善，增进；提高 的价值。第 17题【单选题】There is a lot of luck in drilling for oil.A、以钻探的方法找石油有很大的偶然性。B、以钻探的方法找石油全靠运气了。C、钻探石油有很大的偶然性。D、钻探石油是很幸运的事。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。drilling for o il表示 钻探石油；a lotof luck本意表示的是“运气，在本句中可以翻译为“偶然性。第 18题【单选题】For one thing,physics is a much different field to
26、day.In Einsteins day,there were only a few thousand physicists worldwide,and thetheoreticians who could intellectually rival Einstein probably would fitinto a streetcar with seats to spare.Education is different,too.Onecrucial aspect of Einstein/s training that is overlooked is the years ofphilosoph
27、y he read as a teenagerKant,Schopenhauer and Spinoza,among others.It taught him how to think independently and abstractlyabout space and time,and it wasn/t long before he became aphilosopher himself.What was critical to Einsteins success?A、His talent as an accomplished musician.B、His independent and
28、 abstract thinking.C、His untiring effort to fulfill his potential.D His solid foundation in math theory.【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B o推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词critical,success定位到文章第2 段第2、3 句。根据文章内容可知，他青年时期用了几年时间来研习康德、叔本华和斯宾诺森等人的哲学理论。这些理论教会他如何对时空进行独立而抽象的思考，这对他的成功非常重要，故 选 B o 文中提到说爱因斯坦还是位杰出的音乐家，他会在狂怒地演奏他的小提琴时彻底地全面考虑棘手的物理问
29、题，但这并不是他成功的关键因素，故排除A；文中未提及C 他为实现潜能进行的不知疲倦的努力；文中只是讲了现在数学到了极限以及音乐与数学的相互影响，并没有提到爱因斯坦在这方面的坚实基础，故也排除D。第19题【单选题】All children in the United States have to receive an education,but thelaw does not say they have to be educated at school.A number ofparents prefer not to send their children to s c h o o l.Ther
30、e areabout 300,000 home-schoolers in the United States today.A、Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teachtheir children.B、In some countries,however,children are educated by theirparents.C、Learning starts with the childrens interests and questions.D、Children who are educated a
31、t home are known ashome-schoolers.【正确答案】D【答案解析】答 案 选D。后文出现了 home-schoolers,根据选项，这里应该是对这个词的定义，因此选D。第20题【单选题】Cheese is really a good lure for mice.A、许可，准许B、诱惑C、要求，渴望D、焦点【正确答案】B【答案解析】lure n,诱惑；饵；诱惑物。第21题【单选题】The heat was so from the fire that the firemen could not enterthe building.A、intenseB、tenseC、in
32、tensiveD、violent【正确答案】A【答案解析】intense强烈的/挚热的。tense紧张的。intensive深入的/细致的。violent暴力的。第22题【单选题】One reason is economic.In a traditional agricultural economy,largefamilies are helpful.Having more children means having more workers inthe fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age.In anindustr
33、ial economy,the situation is different.Many children do not helpa family;instead,they are an expense.Thus,industrialization hasgenerally brought down the birth rate.This was the case in Italy,whichwas industrialized quite recently and rapidly.In the early part of thetwentieth century,Italy was a poo
34、r,largely agricultural country with ahigh birth rate.After World War回，Italys economy was rapidlymodernized and industrialized.By the end of the century,the birth ratehad dropped to 1.3 children per woman,the worlds lowest.In atraditional agricultural economy,a large f a mi l y.A、can be an advantageB
35、、may limit incomeC、isn/t necessaryD、is expensive【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A o 对照本段In a traditional agriculturaleconomy,large families are helpful.大的家庭是有帮助的，选项中最接近意思的是A,成为一个优势，答案是A。第23题【单选题】Marian,the girl who wrote the original story about Roxaboxen that thechildrens book is based on,was mayor.Other kids ran
36、the stores whichsold imaginary ice cream and baked goods.Kids drove imaginary carsoutside of town,and the speeders went to jail,which was guarded bythe sheriff,another kid.Elsewhere,boys and girls had battles,chargingeach others bases using spears made with ocotillo,a desert plant.Whois Marian?A、She
37、 is the author.B、She sold ice cream in Roxaboxen.C、She is the mayor of Roxaboxen in the book.D She guards the jail in the book.【正确答案】C【答案解析】答 案 选C o事实细节题。根据关键词锁定短文本段。本段第一句话给出了正确答案，Marian是最先写这个故事的人，但是并不是这本书的作者。而且是这本书中那个小镇的镇长。第24题【单选题】I couldn/t have got to the meeting on time an earlier train.A、if I
38、had not caughtB、unless I had caughtC、if I did not catchD、unless I caught【正确答案】B【答案解析】if.not和unless有时可以互相替换，但也有不能互相替换的时候。unless用于这样的句子，即“如果A不受阻于 B,A 将发生”,He will accept the job if the salary isnot too low/unless the salary is too low.第25题【单选题】The news about the terrible flood there greatly discourage
39、dthese for a sight-seeing.A、us from goingB、us to goC、our goingD、our to go【正确答案】A【答案解析】discourage与encourage互为反义词。英语中说 鼓励某人做某事”时使用encourage sb.to do sth.,但如果要表示“使某人没勇气做某事 时，不能想当然的以此类推：discourage sb.to do sth.,这是不符合英语习惯的错误表达方式，其正确形式是：discourage sb from doing sth.o第26题【单选题】The little boys face,his look
40、of fear and desperation,his cries forhelpthe choice was made in our intrinsic love for children.A、那孩子的脸，那脸上恐惧和绝望的表情，他那呼救的声音，我们固有的对孩子的爱就为我们拿定了主意。B、那孩子的脸，那脸上恐惧和绝望的表情，他那呼救的声音，我们固有的对孩子的爱使我们做出了选择。C、看一看那孩子的脸，那脸上恐惧和绝望的表情，听一听他那呼救的声音，我们固有的对孩子的爱就为我们拿定了主意。D、看到那孩子的脸，脸上害怕和绝望的表情，听到他那呼救的声音，我们固有的对孩子的爱就为我们做出了选择。【正确答
41、案】C【答案解析】答 案 选C o本题考查的知识点为增词或减词。原文是三个名词词组，译文为了行文的需要，加了“看一看和“听一听。第27题【单选题】Ignoring the chair offered him,Chu Teh stood squarely before this youthmore than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was.A、朱德没有接过递给他的椅子，端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十几岁的青年面前，平静地向他讲述自己的身份 B、朱德顾不得拉过来的椅子，端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十几岁的青年面
42、前，用平稳的语调说明自己的身份.C、顾不得拉过来的椅子，朱德端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十几岁的青年面前，平静地向他讲述自己的身份 D、朱德不理睬递过来的椅子，端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十几岁的青年面前，用平稳的语调告诉他自己是谁【正确答案】B【答案解析】答 案 选B o本题考查的知识点为代词。英语有时在句子里先出代词，然后再出它所指的人或物。汉语一般总是先出实词，然后才出代词。第28题【单选题】For Britain our membership of the European Union and the World TradeOrganization has brought this hom
43、e.A、对我们英国来说，我们参加欧盟和世界贸易组织的经历使我们对这一点深有感触。B、对英国来说，我们参加欧盟和世界贸易组织把我们送到了家。C、对英国来说，我们的欧盟成员和世界贸易组织成员身份让我们认识了这一点。D、对我们英国来说，我们的欧盟成员和世界贸易组织成员身份使我们如鱼得水。【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。本题考查has brought this home的意译。第29题【单选题】The group does not advocate the use of violence.A、supportB、matterC、suitD、reach【正确答案】A【答案解析】advocate提倡，主
44、张，拥护；support支持，支撑，支援。第30题【单选题】On the afternoon of that eventful day,I stood on the porch,dumb,expectant.A、那是一个多事的下午，我怀着期待的心情，一声不响地站在门廊里。B、在那个多变故的下午，我怀着期待的心情，一声不响地站在门廊里。C、在那个有重要意义的下午，我一声不响，怀着期待的心情站在门廊里。D、那是一个有事的下午，我一声不响，怀着期待的心情站在门廊里【正确答案】C【答案解析】答 案 选C o本题考查的知识点为理解原意。一个词往往有许多意思，在不同的场合意思不同。eventful在这里应
45、译作“有重要意义的；dumb在这里不是强调她不能说话，而是说她没有说什么，所以译作 一声不响；expectant在汉语里很难找到相应的形容词，所以译作“怀着期待的心情，用作状语。第31题【单选题】The government on purchase of cars was 80 billion yuan in 2008,and use and maintenance amounts to around 300 billion yuan a year.A、spendingB、spentC、costD、costing【正确答案】A【答案解析】本题考查的是现在分词的用法，spending onpur
46、chase of cars在这里是一个现在分词短语。句意：2008年政府花费了 800亿用于购车，并且一年的使用和维护费用则高达3000亿。第32题【单选题】Many species,for example,originate in small populations.A、轮廓;B、发源C、器官D、选择【正确答案】B【答案解析】originate v i.发源;发生;起航。第33题【单选题】They did find that appears in a dream has far greater influenceon mood than occurs in the dream.A、the p
47、erson.the thingB、who.whatC、who.thatD、the person who.which【正确答案】B【答案解析】that引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中，who,what分别做主语，代表人和事情。第34题【单选题】He smiled,with the implication that he didn/t believe me.A、革新B、暗指，含义C、刺激，推动D、改进【正确答案】B【答案解析】implication n.含义；暗示；牵连，卷入；可能的结果，影响。第35题【单选题】If I the money,I would have bought a much bigg
48、er car.A、possessedB、ownedC、hadD、had had【正确答案】D【答案解析】第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示 有。第36题【单选题】Physiologically,we are rhythmical.We must eat,sleep,breathe,and playregularly to maintain good health.Emotionally we are rhythmical,too,for psychologists say that all of us feel alternate periods of relativedepressi
49、on and exhilaration.Intellectually we are also rhythmical,for wemust have periods of relaxation following periods of concentration.Itnaturally follows then that rhythm,a fundamental aspect of our lives,must be a part of any good literary work whether poetry orprose.According to the passage,which of
50、the following pairs of activitiesbest illustrates intellectual rhythm?A、Studying a science book and then studying a psychology bookB、Learning a poem and then taking a napC、Playing ball at the beach and then going swimmingD、Solving a math problem and then solving a chemistry problem【正确答案】B【答案解析】答 案 选