《2023年初中英语语法学习之动词考试相关考点.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2023年初中英语语法学习之动词考试相关考点.docx（12页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、2023年初中英语语法学习之动词考试相关考点动词的语态语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语 态。1)若宾语补足语是不带to的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不 定式前要加to。此类动词为感官动词。feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, n otice, watchThe teacher made me go out of the classroom.- I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).We saw
2、 him play football on the playground.- He was seen to play football on the playground.2)情态动词+ be +过去分词，构成被动语态。Coal can be used to produce electricity for agricultur e and industry.let的用法1）当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式。They let the strange go. The strange was let go.（Defective Verbs） o动词的限定形式比较复杂
3、，能否掌握是学好 英语的关键。动词的非限定形式动词除了在句中充当谓语，还可充当许多其他成分。由于它们不 受主语制约（即不必和主语在人称、数等方面保持一致），所以被称 为动词的非限定形式（Non-finite Forms）,也有人称之为非谓语形 式。英语中有三种非限定形式：1） 不定式（The Infinitive）：一般是在动词原形前加to,在句中可担任各种成分，例如：I hope to see you soon.希望不久能见到你。（作宾语）She has a lot of things to do.她有很多事要做。（作定语）I ve come to ask your advice.我是来找你
4、出主意的。（作 状语）My idea is to rent a car.我的主意是去租一辆车。（作表 语）She seems to know everything.她似乎什么都知道。（构成 谓语）有时前面可以不带to：You had better go there by plane.你最好坐飞机去那里。 （构成谓语）Let me help you.让我来帮你。（构成复合宾语）2） 动名词（The Gerund）有些动词的-ing形式可起名词的作用，在句中也可担任许多成 分，例如：Stop talking now.别讲话了。（作宾语）Thank you for helping us.谢谢你帮助了
5、我们。（作介词宾 语）Smoking is hazardous to your health.吸烟危害健康。（作 主语）One of my duties is typing letters.我的职责之一是打信 件。（作表语）还可构成合成词：living-room客厅sleeping-pills 安眠药singing contest 歌咏比赛swimming-pool游泳池3） 分词（The Participle）：分词有两种,一为现在分词（The Present Participle）, 一为 过去分词（The Past Participle）,这两种分词除了可构成谓语外， 还可用作句中的许多
6、成分，例如：The food looks inviting.这菜看起来很诱人。（作表语）There are two girls dancing on the lawn.有两个女孩在草 坪上跳舞。（作定语）She hurried on, hoping to catch the bus. 她着急赶路，希 望赶上公共汽车。（作状语）She seemed surprised.她似乎很惊讶。（作表语）These are the seats reserved for you. 这是给你们 留的座 位。（作定语）Guided by the new theory, the researchers made a
7、 major breakthrough in biology.在这种新学说的指引下，研究人员取得 了生物学方面的重大突破。（作状语）2）若let后宾补较长时，let通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit代替。The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital. I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.短语动词的被动语态短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。This is a photo of the power station that
8、 has been set up in my hometown.My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.Such a thing has never been heard of before.表示据说或相信的词组believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understandIt is said that 据说It is reported that 据报道It is believed that 大家相信It is hoped that 大家
9、希望It is well known that众所周知It is thought that 大家认为It is suggested that 据建议It is taken granted that 被视为当然It has been decided that 大家决定It must be remember that务必记住的是Itis said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.不用被动语态的情况1）不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear, die disappear, end （vi. 结束），fail, happen, last,lie,
10、 remain, sit, spread, standbreak out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.After the fire, very little remained of my house.比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物 动词。（错）The price has been risen.（对） The price has risen.（错）The accident was happened last week.（对） The acciden
11、t happened last week.（错）The price has raised.（对）The price has been raised.（错）Please seat.（对） Please be seated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是 不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯 有在学习过程中多留意积累。2）不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agre e with, arrive at / in, shake hands
12、with, succeed in, suffe r from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong toThis key just fits the lock.Your story agrees with what had already been heard.3）系动词无被动语态：appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turnIt sounds good.4）带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相
13、互代词，不能用于被动 语态：die, death, dream, live, lifeShe dreamed a bad dream last night.5）当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。（对）She likes to swim.（错）To swim is liked by her.主动形式表示被动意义1）wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, f eel, draw, write, sell, driveThe book sells well. 这本书销路好。This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好
14、用。2） blame, let （出租）, remain, keep, rent, build1 was to blame for the accident.Much work remains.3）在 need, require, want, worth （形容词），deserve 后的动 名词必须用主动形式。The door needs repairing. = The door needs to be repaire d.This room needs cleaning.这房间应该打扫一下。This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。4）特殊结构：make sb
15、. heard / understood （使别人能听见/理 解自己），have sth. done （要某人做某事）。被动形式表示主动意义be determined, be pleased, be graduated （from）, be finished, be prepared （for）, be occupied （in）, get marriesHe is graduated from a famous university.他毕业于一所有名的大学。注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb,或get married to sb.都 可。He married a rich girl.H
16、e got married to a rich girl.need/want/require/worth注意：当need, want, require, worth （形容词）后面接doing也可 以表示被动。Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。The floor requires washing.地板需要冲洗。The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。典型例题The library needs, but itll have to wait until Sund ay.A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean
17、D. being cleaned答案A. need （实意）+n /to do, need （情态）+ do,当为被动 语态时，还可need + doing.本题考最后一种用法，选A。如有to be clean则也为正确答案。典：done,不可能已经must not do不可以（用于一般现在时）。助动词的作用助动词本身没有词义，不可单独作谓语，只能和别的动词一起构 成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气等，或表示疑问或否定。常用的助动 词有 be, do, does, did, have, has, shall, will, would 等。如：He doesn t like English.他不喜欢英
18、语。（doesn t 是助 动词，本身无词义，只是协助主要动作like表示否定含义）协助主要动词完成以下功用：（1）表示时态He is singing.他在唱歌。He has arrived.他已经到了。（2）表示语态He was sent to England.他被派往英国。(3)构成疑问句Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗？(4)构成否定句：与not合用构成否定。如：I don t like him.我不喜欢他。(5)加强语气I do love you.我真的喜欢你。(6)构成倒装句Never did I hear of such a thing.我从未听
19、说过这样的事情。(7)用作代动词He works hard than you do.他比你工作努力些。(do代替 work)动词的限定形式和非限定形式动词的限定形式1)动词在作谓语时要受主语的制约，例如：a.它要和主语在“人称”上一致：I speak English.(第一人称)She speaks French.(第三人称)b.它在“数”上也要和主语一致：She is a student.（单数）They are students.（复数）2）它还应表示：a.时态（Tense）：I was ill yesterday.昨天我病了。（过去时）I feel better today.我今天好一点
20、。（现在时）I 11 be all right in a couple of days. 过两天我就会好To （将来时）b.语态（Voice）：She wrote a play.她写了 一个剧本。（主动语态）The play was written by Cao Yu.这个剧是曹禺写的。（被 动语态）c.语气（Mood）：The children are noisy.孩子们很吵。（陈述语气，说明事 实）Don t be so noisy, children!孩子们，别这么吵！（祈使 语气，提出要求）I wish they weren, t so noisy.但愿他们别这么吵。（虚 拟语气，表示愿望）这些形式都称为限定形式（Finite Forms）,也有人称之为谓语 形式，即作谓语时用的形式。有少数动词，如情态动词，不受主语影 响，在任何人称后形式都无变化，因此它们被称为无变化动词