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1、2023年初中英语语法学习之主谓一致高频考点主谓一致无疑是初中阶段的英语语法学习中的重要语法项目之 一，再说从近年的中考来看主谓一致也是一个非常容易考试的知识点。 所以无论是从想要学习好英语的角度还是应对考试的角度来说，掌握 主谓一致的知识都是很有必要的。所谓主谓一致简单说就是，谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和 数上保持一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一 致原则和就近一致原则。名词与主谓一致1 .如果主语名词是单数或不可数名词，谓语要用单数形式。如：Rice is mainly grown in the south of China.水稻主要种植 在中国的南方。My fath
2、er has a car,我爸爸有辆车。The weather changes quickly here.这儿的天气变化多端。2 .如果主语是可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词则要用第三人称单数。如：The flowers come out when spring comes.春天来临时百花盛 开。The students are having English class now.学生们正在上英语课。3 . there be句式中的be动词形式根据be后的第一个名词的数而确定用单数还是用复数形式。如：There is a pen and some books on the desk.书桌上有一支钢
3、笔和几本书。There are two pandas and a tiger in this zoo.这个动物园 有两只熊猫，一只老虎。4 .如果由and连接的两个做主语的单数名词指的是同一个人或 物的时候，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The singer and actor, Hu Ge, is very handsome.歌星兼演员 的胡歌好帅。The science and technology plays an important part in China. 科学技术在中国扮演着重要的角色。5 .如果由and连接的两个或更多的主语名词之前有each, every, many a/an,
4、 no的时候，谓语要用单数形式。如：Every boy and girl in the class works very hard.班里的每 一个学生都很努力。Each minute and second is valuable to us.对于我们来说每 分每秒都很珍贵。6 .主语是单数名词，后面跟有with, along with, together with,besides, as well as, but, except, no less than, rather than, more than, like, including等的时候，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Jack with h
5、is family wants to go to China.杰克和他的家人 想来中国。He, as well as you, is very honest.他和你都很诚实。7 .若主语的复数名词表示的是“一段时间”，“一笔钱”，“一 段距离”，“一个数量”，“一个面积”的时候，谓语动词要用单数 形式。如：Ten years is really a long time.十年真的是好长一段时间。Ten kilometers is too long for me to run.十公里太长了 我 跑不了。8 .如果主语是a kind of ( a series of )+名词”，谓语一般 用单数形式
6、；但是如果表示多种，则要用复数。如：This kind of men is dangerous.这种人很危险。There are many kinds of apples.苹果有许多 品种。并列结构作主语的主谓一致1. 就近型： 由 or, eitheror, neitheror, not but，not only-but also等连接的并列成分作主语时，其谓语通常要与靠近 的主语保持一致。如：Neither you nor he is tired.你和他都没累。Not you but I am to blame.不是你的错而是我的错。Either my father or my broth
7、ers are coming. 不是我父亲就 是我兄弟要来。2. 就远型：由 as well as, as much as, rather than, more than, no less than等连接的并列成分作主语，其谓语通常与前面一个主 语保持一致。如：The son, as well as his parents, wants to go there. 不但 儿子想去那儿，而且他的父母也想去。3. 复数型：由and和bothand连接的并列成分作主语，其谓语总是用复数。如：(Both) New York and London have traffic problems. 纽约 和伦敦
8、都存在交通问题。注：当由and连接的两个并列主语受each, every, no的修饰时， 其谓语用单数。另外，当and连接的两个的词语指同一个人或事物时, 其谓语也要用单数。如：Every man and woman wants to join it. 每个男女都想力口入它.A teacher and poet visited our school the other day. 早 几天一位教师诗人参观了我们学校(1)以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数，例如:He goes to school early every morning.The
9、children are playing outside.To work hard is necessary for a student.(2)由and或bothand连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：Both he and I are right.Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词 用单数。例如：His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.The poet and writer has come.(3)由and连接的并列单数主语
10、之前如果分别由each, every修饰 时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.Each man and each woman is asked to help.(4)主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有but, except, besides, with等 介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。例如：The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.Nobody but two boys was la
11、te for class.Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.(5) 一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, police, cattle, clothes 等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。例如：A lot of people are dancing outside.The police are looking for lost boy.(6)由each, some, any, no, every构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语 动词都用单数。例如：Is everybody ready?Somebody is using the phone.有
12、两部分构成的物体的名词，如 glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时，谓语 动词用复数。例如：Where are my shoes?I can t find them.Your trousers are dirty. You, d better change them.如果这类名词前用了 a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词 的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：Here are some new pairs of shoes.My new pair of socks is on the bed.高频考点类型
13、:例 3 .22. The musician along with his band members ten performances in the last three months.A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give【答案】B【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里， 这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。 本句主语为the musician,为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band memb
14、ers”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 故选B。【举一反三】 The publication of Great Expectations , which both widely reviewed and highly praised,strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist.A. isB. areC. wasD. were【答案】C【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，which指代 Great Expectations这本书，故定语从句中的谓语动词应该使用单数形式；根据句中的strengthened可知，应使用一
15、般过去时态。故答案为Co【举一反三】It is important to remember that success a sum of small efforts made each day and oftenyears to achieve.A. is； takesB. are； takesC. are； takeD. is； take【答案】A【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：重要的是要记住，成功是每天所 做的一些小小的努力的总和，它常常需要很多年的时间才能实现。此 处success是不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故选A项。【变式探究】The scientists claimed tha
16、t only now and then this kind of bird living in the wild.A. they could seeB. could they seeC. they have seenD. have they seen【答案】B【解析】考查时态和倒装。句意：科学家们称他们只是偶尔能看 到处于野生状态的这种鸟。分析句子结构可知，“only +状语”位于 宾语从句句首，从句的主语和谓语应用倒装。结合句中的“claimed” now and then及选项可知，此处陈述过去的某种事实，应用一般过去时。故选B。【变式探究】Among the biggest problems facing those remotemountainous villagesthe lack of experiencedteachers.A. isB. areC. is thereD. are there【答案】A【解析】考查倒装句和主谓一致。表示方位的介词短语置于句首 时，句子要用全部倒装，而本题中的介词短语“Among the biggest problems facing those remote mountainous villages” 正是表示 抽象的方位的，所以本句要用全部倒装，而且主语为单数名词the lack,故选A项。