《2023年初中英语语法学习之定语从句用法与高频考点.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《2023年初中英语语法学习之定语从句用法与高频考点.docx(9页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、2023年初中英语语法学习之定语从句用法与高频考点定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语 修饰主句的某个成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状 语从句分为时间状语从句,结果状语从句,让步状语从句,原因状语 从句,条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句, 宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。限定性定语从句1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句 中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在 从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且,如果whi
2、ch在从句中作“不及物动 词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关 系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系, 先行词与which之间的介词不能丢3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不 用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被 省略4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和 宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的 宾语5. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句6. when引导定语从
3、句表示时间(注)值得一提的是,表示时间“time”一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7. whose是
4、关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的 前置所有格8. 当从句的逻辑主语是 some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything 或 nothing 时,常用 there is来弓导。非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句:非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进 一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成1 . which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况 或主句的某一部分2 .在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which, at which, for
5、which 或 at whichAttitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed.人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的 看法的变化有非常相似之处。I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it.我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反。We arrived the day that (on wh
6、ich) they left.刚好我们到 的那天他们走了。3 .有时as也可用作关系代词4 .在非限定性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who, whom代表 人,用which代表事物。限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1 .二者差异比较限制定语从句紧跟先行词,同先行词这间一般不加逗号,仅修饰 先行词,可以由关系代词.关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语 从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修 饰整个主句,不可用that引导。2 .关系代词和关系副词的选择依据弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用 关系副词,作主语.宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。3 .先行
7、词与定语从句隔离定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分,构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如:1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about.2) He was the only person in this country who was invited.高频考点一、考查关系代词引导的定语从句例 1. She and her family bicycle to work, helps them keep fit.A. whichB. whoC. asD. that【答案】A【解析】考
8、查定语从句。句意:她和她的家人骑自行车上班,这 有助于他们保持健康。根据句子结构可知,此处用which引导非限制 性定语从句,指代前面的事。【举一反三】 Kate,sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.A. whomB. thatC. whoseD. her【答案】c【解析】考查定语从句。句意:凯特到澳大利亚去工作了。读大 学的时候我和她的姐姐住一个寝室。从句子结构看,本空需要关系词 引导定语从句,先行词为Kate,且关系代词在从句中作定语,因此 用关系代词whose
9、引导这个定语从句。【变式探究】In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme,oneof purposesis torelieve worldwide starvation.A.whichB.itsC.whoseD.whom【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。purposes与the World Food Programme存在“所属”关系,此处指“世界粮食计划署的目的之一”, 且空处在句中作定语,因此选择whose。【变式探究】I live next door to a couple childrenoften make a lot of noise
10、.A. whoseB. whyC. whereD. which【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我住在一对夫妻的 隔壁,他们的孩子总是很吵闹。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定 语从句修饰a couple,且关系词在从句中作定语,故用关系代词whoseo高频考点二、考查关系副词引导的定语从句例 2. We have entered into an age dreams have thebest chance of coming true.A. whichB. whatC. whenD. that【答案】c【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我们已经进入了一个梦想最有可 能实现的时代。分析句子结构可知
11、,空处引导定语从句,先行词为 an age,空处在定语从句中充当时间状语,故用关系副词when。【举一反三】We have entered into an age dreams havethe best chance of coming true.A. whichB. whatC. whenD. that【答案】c【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我们已经进入了一个梦想最有可 能实现的时代。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为 an age,空处在定语从句中充当时间状语,故用关系副词when。【变式探究】Self-driving is an area China and therest of
12、 the world are on the same starting line.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,先行词是area, 关系词在从句中充当地点状语,因此用where,相当于in which。【变式探究】Self-driving is an area China and therest of the world are on the same starting line.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,先行 词是area,关系词
13、在从句中充当地点状语,因此用where,相当于 in whicho【举一反三】 The old couple will never forget the days they made a living by picking up rubbish on the street.A. whereB. whenC. whichD. as【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意:这对老夫妻永远不会忘记他们靠 沿街捡拾垃圾谋生的日子。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定语从 句,修饰先行词days,且引导词在从句中作状语,故用关系副词when。高频考点三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句D. 3. Many yo
14、ung people, most were well-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A. of whichB. of themC. of whomD. of those【答案】c【解析】考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词是young people, most 表示他们中的大多数,因此应该使用most of whomo因为先行词指人,不能选择of whicho【举一反三】 He wrote many children s books, nearly half of were published in the 1990
15、s.A. whomB. whichC. themD. that【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意:他写过很多儿童书 籍,将近一半都是在20世纪90年代出版的。此题的先行词是children s books,指物,因此不能选whom; that引导定语从句可以指物,但 是不能在介词后作宾语;假如选them,应该在nearly前加适当的连 词。因此只能选择whicho此处是“代词+of+which”引导的非限 制性定语从句。变式探究】Creating an atmosphereemployees feelpart of a team is a big challenge.A. asB
16、. whoseC. in whichD. at which【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意:创造让雇员感受到 自己是团队一部分的氛围是一个巨大的挑战。分析句子结构可知,employees feel part of a team是一个定语从句,从句中 缺少状语,故用where或“介词+which”引导,根据与先行词an atmosphere的搭配可判断介词用in,故选C项。【举一反三】 She produced another new record in 2017,she celebrated her 38th birthday.A. at whichB. in thatC. w
17、ith whichD. about that【答案】c【解析】考查定语从句。句意:2017年她又出了一张新专辑, 以此庆祝自己38岁生日。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是 record,故用关系代词which,根据句意可知,用介词with,表示 “用”。故选C项。【变式探究】There were twenty students in this small?sized class, came from the same mountain village.A. most of whomB. most of themC. most of whichD. most of that【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意:这个小型的班级有20名学生, 他们中的大部分人都来自同一个山村。空处属于“名词/数词/不定代 词+of+关系代词(which/whom)”结构,该结构中of通常表示所属 关系;如果先行词指物,就用which,指人就用whom。句中先行词是 students, 故用 most of whom0