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1、2023年初中英语语法学习之非谓语动词用法与高频考点非谓语动词用法在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动 词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，动名词，和分词（分词包括现 在分词和过去分词）。1）不定式时态语态一般式完成式2）动名词时态语态一般式完成式3）分词时态语态一般式完成式否定形式:主动to do to have done主动doinghaving done主动doinghaving donenot +不定式，被动to be doneto have been被动being donehaving been被动being done having been +动名词，donedo
2、nedonenot +现在分词非谓语动词的作用2. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn t feel challenged.3. But unlike school friends ,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term(rest).4. My ambassadorial duties will include (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus
3、pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.5. Still, the boy kept (ride).【考点七】v. /短语+to do1. Picking up her Lifetime Achievement award, proud Irene declared she had no plans (retire) from her 36-year-old business.1. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me (s
4、tay)and watch.3. But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models wants(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty4. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused (stop) until we reached the next stop.【考点八】n. +done表被动1. They make great gifts and you see them many
5、 times(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.2. I was the first Western TV reporter(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.3. The adobe dwellings (土 坯房)(build) by the pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the mo
6、st modern of architects and engineers.【考点九】to do表目的1. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Chang e-4(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.2. The next morning he hired a boat and set out(find) the well-known painter.3. On our way to the house, it was raining so har
7、d that we couldn11 help wondering how long it would take(get) there.4. You dont have to run fast or for long(see) the benefit.5. The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice(improve) water quality.6. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create)special designs.7
8、. It took years of work(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.短文改错【考点一】doing-done互换1. （2020 全国卷 I） I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy to cook.【考点二】to do不定式原形2. My mom told me how to preparing it.3. I tell my mom that if were forced eat things, we ma
9、y become ill.4. Now my dream is to opens a cafe.5. As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me.6. Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious.7. When summer comes,
10、they will invite their students to pick the vegetables.【考点三】，doing1. All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.2. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.【考点四】介词+doing1. If I succeed in manage
11、one, I will open more.2. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.3. We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.4. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其它所有成分都可以做。具体 如下。1 .不定式：做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。To learn a foreign language is d
12、ifficult .（作主语）学会一门外语是很难的。It s easy to see their aunt.（作真正主语，it做形式主语）很容易见到他们的姑姑。Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.（作宾语）汤姆想要喝杯啤酒。His wish is to be a driver.（作表语）他的愿望是当一名司机。I have nothing to say.（作定语）我没有什么可说的。The teacher told us to do morning exercises .（作宾语补足语）老师让我们做早操。They went to see their aunt.（目的状
13、语）他们去见他们的姑姑。2 .动名词：做主语、宾语、表语、定语和补语。Learning English is very difficult .（作主语） 学英语非常困难。I enjoy dancing.（作动词宾语）我喜欢跳舞。I have got used to living in the country.（作介词宾语）我已经习惯了住农村。His job is driving a bus.（作表语）他的工作是开车。3 .现在分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。The story is interesting.这个故事有趣。He sat there, reading a newspaper.（作状
14、语）他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。The area being studied may be rich in coal.（作定语）这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.（作 宾补）他看到小偷正在从银行偷钱。4 .过去分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。He is interested in the news.（作表语） 他对这则消息很感兴趣。polluted river （做定语）被污染的河流Given more time, I can do my work better.（做状语）如果再被多给些时间，我会
15、把工作做得更好。I found my watch stolen.（做宾补）我发现我的手表被偷了。I like diving very much.我十分喜欢跳水这项运动。动名词diving作宾语，用来表达跳水运动这一概念，不含有本 人是否会跳水这一含义。I dont like their arguing about it with such people.我反感他们为了那件事与那样一些人大吵大闹。动名词短语their arguing作宾语，用来表达过去发生过的事情。2）remember, forgetYou must remember to get in touch with the local
16、 guide when you get there.你们一定要记住到那以后与当地导游取得联系。不定式短语to get in touch with作宾语，用来表示未来即将发生的动作。I remember telling them about it once.我记得曾经跟他们说过这件事。动名词短语telling them作宾语，用来表达过去发生过的事情。Ill never forget having worked there with farmers for nearly a month.我永远也忘不了与农民在那里工作了近一个月的日日夜夜。动名词短语having worked there作宾语，用
17、来强调过去发生过 并延续一段时间的事情。在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义1 .在need, want, require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动 形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。例：The house needs repairing (to be repaired).这房 子需要 修理。2 .形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不 能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。例 ：The picture-book is well worth reading.(二The picture-book is very wo
18、rthy to be read.)3 .动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关 系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系，不定式的主动形式表 示被动含义。例：I have a lot of things to do this afternoon, (to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。）试比较：I 11 go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted?（此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post 动作的执行者。）4 .在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句 子的主语或宾语又是
19、动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主 动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有 nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting 等。例：This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作 to work out 省略了 for me）.5 .在tooto结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用 主动形式表示被动意义。例：This book is too expensive （for me） to buy.6 .在there be句型中，当动词不定式修饰
20、名词作定语时，不 定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。例：There is no time to lose （to be lost）.（用 to lose 可看 成 for us to lose；用 to be lost, 谁 lost time 不明确。）7 .在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动，被动 表被动。然而，由于古英语的影响，下列动词rent,blame, let等仍用 不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例：Who is to blame for starting the fire?【解题技巧】语法填空中一、判断出括号里是动词二、判断所在句已经有
21、谓语动词三、如果不是词性转换，考虑填非谓语动词1) to do表示目的 翻译“为了，去做”2) doing表示进行、主动3) done表示完成、被动单句语法填空(高考)A组【考点一】be adj. to do1. They are easy(care) for and make great presents.2. Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive (perform) consistently over a
22、large area.3. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you 11 be less likely (bring) your work home.4. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough(cool) the house during the hot day.【考点二】be done to do1. They are required(process) the food that
23、 we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.【考点三】介词+doing1. Scientists have responded by (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)around human settlements, leading to 2. A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for (be)Britain1s oldest full-time employee-s
24、till working 40 hours a week.3. You may drink, smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running.4. Fast food is full of fat and salt； by(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.5. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the ad
25、obe dwellings admirable is their ability to “ air condition ” a house without (use) electric equipment .6. One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about (be) late for school.【考点四】，+ doing表伴随1. On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautif
26、ul farm on the North Shore under the stars, (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.2. This included digging up the road,(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.3. People probably cooked their rood in large pots, (use) twigs (树枝)to remove it.【考点五】n.+doing表主动1. They r
27、epresent the earth(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.2. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.3. When we got a call (say)she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.4. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.【考点六】v. /while/when+doing1. China s approach to protecting its environment while (feed) its citizens