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1、英语 （二）-2023年高考考前20天终极冲刺攻略（全国通用）阅读理解之标题归纳题命题分析标题归纳题考点：高度概括文章中心内容, 点明文章主题，并对中心思想再次加以提。这类题考查考生准确理解全文、提炼信息、概括总结的能力。特点：短小精悍，一般为一个短语，涵盖性强，能覆盖全文意思，不能随意改变语义程度或色彩。设问方式：1.What would be the best title for the text?2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?3.What is the passage mainly about?4.The main pur
2、pose of announcing the above events is_.高考预测 纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2023年全国高考阅读理解命题方向如下：阅读理解在选材上继续原汁原味的外刊为主，语篇长度适中，题材与体裁广泛，重点考查考生快速获取、处理、分析信息的能力。标题归纳题有一题，文章标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。应试技巧 No.1：速浏览 快速浏览全文，找到主旨句。No.2：定主题 识别段落主题句，串联每段大意。No.3：巧概括 总结归纳文章大意，确定答案。阅读理解标题归纳题解题技巧：No.1 概括性准确而又简短，可以概括全文内容；No.2 针对性标题外延正好与文章内容相符；N
3、o.3 醒目性标题既要严谨，也要新颖，可以激发读者的阅读欲望。真题回眸典例一 (2022浙江高考卷1月)DThe benefits of regular exercise are well documented but theres a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list. New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia in later l
4、ife, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women. Lead researcher Dr. Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said : These findings are exciting because its possible that improving peoples cardiovascular （心血管的）fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent
5、them from developing dementia. For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak （最大值的） cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts. A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness
6、level, or 120 watts or higher. A total of 92 women were in the medium fitness category; and 59 women were in the low fitness category, defined as a peak workload of 80 watts or less, or having their exercise tests stopped because of high blood pressure, chest pain or other cardiovascular problems. T
7、hese women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time, 44 of the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness. How
8、ever, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only shows an association. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most i
9、mportant. She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were form Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other groups.10Which of the following is the best title for the text?AMore Women Are Exercising to Prevent DementiaBMiddle-Aged Women Need to Do M
10、ore ExerciseCFit Women Are Less Likely to Develop DementiaDBiking Improves Womens Cardiovascular Fitness【答案】C【详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia （失智症） in later life, and as they did, it came
11、 on a decade later than less sporty women.”（新的研究人员发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近90%，而且确实如此，与不太喜欢运动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。）以及文章后面几段通过列举实验目的、过程、方式、结果等，说明了身体健康的中年女性在老年时患失智症的几率会大大降低。故选C项。典例二 (2022新高考II卷)COver the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tr
12、ied a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel. Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fa
13、llen for years, are now rising sharply. That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was only increasing, unfortunately.Big change requires big ideas. he said in a speech last month, ref
14、erring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving. An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new
15、 device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done an
16、ything else that is not allowed under New Yorks hands-free driving laws. We need something on the books that can change peoples behavior,” said Flix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the states 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, people are going to be more
17、afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.31. What is a suitable title for the text? A. To Drive or Not to Drive? Think Before You StartB. Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the TextalyzerC. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer【答案】B【解析】主旨大
18、意题。纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重”。第三段中“That is partly because people are driving more.”（部分原因是开车的人越来越多）可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的是为了解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。最后一段讲述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正地改变人们的行为。故B选项Texting and Driving? Watch Out for t
19、he Textalyzer（发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器。）适合文章的标题。故选B。名校预测（2023年浙江浙里卷天下百校联考-B篇）Dogs are capable of understanding the emotions behind an expression on a human face. The study is the latest to reveal just how connected dogs are with people. The research also provides evidence that dogs use different parts of th
20、eir brains to process human emotions. By living in close contact with humans, dogs have developed specific skills that enable them to interact and communicate efficiently with people. Recent studies have shown that the dogs brain can pick up on emotional clues contained in a persons voice, body smel
21、l and posture,and read their faces.In this study,the authors watched what happened when they presented photographs of the same two adults faces(a man and a woman) to 26 feeding dogs. The images were placed strategically to the sides of the animals line of sight and the photos showed a human face ex-
22、pressing one of the six basic human emotions: anger,fear,happiness,sadness,surprise,dis-gust or being neutral.The dogs showed greater response and cardiac(心脏的)activity when shown photo-graphs that expressed arousing emotional states such as anger, fear and happiness. They also took longer to resume
23、feeding after seeing these images. The dogs increased heart rate indicated that in these cases they experienced higher levels of stress.In addition,dogs tended to turn their heads to the left when they saw human faces ex-pressing anger,fear or happiness. The reverse happened when the faces looked su
24、rprised, possibly because dogs view it as a non-threatening, relaxed expression.“Clearly arousing, negative emotions seem to be processed by the right side of a dogs brain,and more positive emotions by the left side,”says Siniscalchi.The results support that of other studies done on dogs and other m
25、ammals. These show that the right side of the brain plays a more important part in regulating the sympathetic out-flow to the heart. This is a fundamental organ for the control of the “fight or flight”Behavioral response necessary for survival.15What may be a suitable title for the text?ADogs are li
26、ving in close contact with peopleBDogs understand whats written all over your faceCDogs heart rate increases when experiencing stressDNegative emotions affect dogs returning to feeding【答案】B【详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Recent studies have shown that the dogs brain can pick up on emotional clues contained in a pe
27、rsons voice, body smell and posture, and read their faces. (最近的研究表明，狗狗的大脑可以从一个人的声音、体味和姿势中捕捉到情感线索，并解读他们的面部表情。)”以及通读全文可知，文章介绍了一项新的研究，这项最新研究揭示了狗和人之间的联系。同时该研究还证明了狗狗的大脑可以从一个人的声音、体味和姿势中捕捉到情感线索，并解读他们的面部表情。故B选项“Dogs understand whats written all over your face(狗狗能理解你脸上写的东西)”适合文章的标题。故选B。（2023届高三辽宁省沈阳市一模-C篇）A
28、few days before Christmas 1944, Patricia Krueger received a telegram from the U.S. Army. She hoped it would contain a belated birthday greeting from her husband, an army flight engineer, Charles Krueger, whom she had not heard from for 2 weeks. Instead, the message said he wasnt coming home: His B-2
29、9 had been lost over Mukden and he was later declared MIA (missing in action). Their son, John Krueger of Middleton, Wisconsin, now 78, still tears up when he recounts this story.Decades later, the military continues to work to bring back the remains of soldiers like Charles Krueger. The job of find
30、ing them falls to DPAA (Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency), created in 2015 after critics charged that the previous MIA search process was slow, and behind on innovations in science and technology. Between 1973 and 2014, the remains of only 1849 missing service members were returned to their familie
31、s; in 2021, the agency accounted for the remains of 141 MIAs, according to DPAA figures.To accelerate the work, Congress gave DPAA the authority to develop public-private partnerships with scientists and groups outside government. “Teaming up with academic scientists introduces new ways of thinking,
32、” says military historian Michael Dolski. “Working with partners allows us to tap into their technologies and capabilities in ways that we just cant maintain.”For scientists, the work is more than technically satisfying. “Its the most rewarding aspect of my career,” says Mires, a scientist working w
33、ith the agency. “In other archaeology sites Ive worked on, the history is remote,” he says. “Here, youre searching something not for a thing, but for a person, and all the people they touched.”11What is a suitable title for the text?AA long search for MIAs.BAchievements of DPAACAssistance from scien
34、ce.DConsequences of wars.【答案】A【详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Decades later, the military continues to work to bring back the remains of soldiers like Charles Krueger. The job of finding them falls to DPAA (Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency), created in 2015 after critics charged that the previous MIA search proces
35、s was slow, and behind on innovations in science and technology.”（几十年后，军方仍在努力找回像查尔斯克鲁格这样的士兵的遗骸。寻找他们的工作落在了DPAA(国防战俘/失踪人员会计机构)身上，该机构成立于2015年，此前批评人士指责之前的失踪人员搜寻过程缓慢，缺乏科学技术创新。）和倒数第二段“To accelerate the work, Congress gave DPAA the authority to develop public-private partnerships with scientists and groups
36、 outside government.”（为了加速这项工作，国会授权DPAA与政府以外的科学家和团体建立公私合作伙伴关系）可知，短文介绍了在对在战斗中失踪人员搜索的努力。故短文的最佳标题为“对行动中失踪人员长期的搜索”。故选A项。名师押题第一篇：Shawanee Patrick is passionate about giving everyone the ability to walk as comfortably and effectively as possible through the use of walking assistive devices, such as prosth
37、etics (假肢) and orthotics. A Ph.Dstudent in the J. Mike walker 66 Department of Mechanical Engineering at Texas A&M University, Patrick was inspired to help develop better walking assistive devices by the partial paralysis (瘫痪) of her grandmother.Her research focuses on developing and improving walki
38、ng assistive devices by determining what inputs are important and outcomes that could improve the design process. “I like to say my research is about how to help people who cant walk be able to walk, and how to help those who do walk. Walk better.” Patrick said. “Thats kind of my aim. Walking improv
39、es the quality of life, so its really important we help those facing challenges when we can.”The COVID-19 pandemic brought challenges to Patricks research as well. Patricks researchwhich works with human studieshad been delayed several times by the health and availability of her subjects. Patrick sa
40、id the process of conducting her research includes investigating the users needs from various angles. From the perspective of the user themselves to their physician and family members, Patrick said it is necessary to build a complete picture of them.Patrick is determined to make a positive impact on
41、 the lives of the people she works with. as well as the thousands more like them. Although the specific project she is working on will not be going to market. Patrick said she is hopeful that the research she is conducting could one day influence the development of a product that makes its way to th
42、ose who could greatly benefit from the support.4What inspired Patrick to start the project?AHer strong desire to help the old.BHer grandmothers disability.CHer assignment in university.DHer enthusiasm about mechanical engineering.【答案】B【详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Patrick was inspired to help develop better walk
43、ing assistive devices by the partial paralysis(瘫痪) of her grandmother.”(帕特里克受到祖母部分瘫痪的启发，帮助开发更好的步行辅助设备。)可知，帕特里克是受到了祖母部分瘫痪的启发才启动了这个项目。故选B。5What is the purpose of Patricks research?ATo figure out the facts about inputs.BTo cope with the important challenges.CTo improve the lives of those in need.DTo pe
44、rfect the design process.【答案】C【详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Her research focuses on developing and improving walking assistive devices by determining what inputs are important and outcomes that could improve the design process. “I like to say my research is about how to help people who cant walk be able to walk,
45、and how to help those who do walk. Walk better.” Patrick said. “Thats kind of my aim. Walking improves the quality of life, so its really important we help those facing challenges when we can.”(她的研究重点是通过确定哪些输入是重要的以及哪些结果可以改进设计过程来开发和改进步行辅助设备。帕特里克说：“我想说，我的研究是关于如何帮助那些不会走路的人能够走路，以及如何帮助那些会走路的人。走路更好。”“这是我的
46、目标之一。步行可以提高生活质量，所以我们在可能的时候帮助那些面临挑战的人真的很重要。”)可知，帕特里克做这个研究的目的是为了帮助那些需要帮助的人能够生活的更好。故选C。6What was the necessary step when Patrick conducted the research?AFully understand the users demands.BRemove the C0VID-19 pandemic.CInvestigate the users health and availability.DContact the users physician and famil
47、y members.【答案】A【详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Patrick said the process of conducting her research includes investigating the users needs from various angles. From the perspective of the user themselves to their physician and family members, Patrick said it is necessary to build a complete picture of them.”(帕特里克说，她
48、的研究过程包括从不同角度调查用户的需求。帕特里克说，从用户自己到医生和家人的角度来看，有必要为他们建立一个完整的画面。)可知，帕特里克认为，从不同角度调查用户的需求是很必要的。故选A。7Which of the following can be the best title for the text?AHow to walk Better.BA Cure for Painful Patients.CA New walking Device.DA Helpful Project Launched by A student.【答案】D【详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Shawanee Patrick is passionate about giving everyone the ability to walk as comfortably and effectively as possible through the use of walking assistive devices, such as prosthetics (假肢) and or