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1、高中英语高考英语名词知识点及典型例题带答案单项选择题（精选试题-名师出品）One day while he was working as a lorry driver he had a close with death.A. confusingB. combinationC. criticizeD. encounter答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，当他正开着大卡车的时候，他和死神有一个亲密接触。A.confusing adj.难 以理解的;B bination n.结合（体）n.联合（体）；C.criticize v.批评，指责；D.encounter n.遭遇,偶遇。 根据句
2、子结构可知，这里需要名词，被形容词close修饰，做动词had的宾语，分析句子意思可知，他是卡车 司机，正在开车的时候应该是很危险的事情发生，所以是和死神有一个亲密接触，意思符合句意。应选D。1、 I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into when judging my examination.A. estimationB. accountC. thoughtD. observation答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我希望老师在评判我的考试时能考虑到我最近生病的情况。A.estimation估计，估 算；B.account 描
3、述；C.thought 想法;D.observation 观察，评论,遵守。句子涉及短语 take sth into account, 意为“对某事加以考虑，此处动词短语作宾语从句的谓语。应选B项。2、 All applications welcome, but preference will be given to those with diving.A. waistB. qualificationsC. salaryD. leisure答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:欢迎所有申请，但有潜水资格者优先。A. waist腰部；B.qualifications资格；C.salary薪水;D
4、. leisure休闲。根据前文“All applications welcome”可知,此处指有潜水资格的人。应选B项。3、 With top class home theatre, you can watch the latest movies in the of your own home.解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一一在你们那里处理青少年犯罪的通常的做法是什么？一一通常，教育为先。 process过程；procedure程序，步骤；performance表现；practice惯常做的事，习惯，习俗，通常的做法。根据下文“education comes first”可知，此处询问处
5、理青少年犯罪的通常的做法。应选D。30、During the pandemic, all patients and their families, without, must carry their ID card and show their health QR code before entering the hospital.A. permissionB. effortC. exceptionD. access答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在疾病大流行期间，所有患者及其家属，无一例外，在进入医院前都必须携带身 份证并出示健康二维码。A. permission许可；B.effort
6、努力；C.exception例外；D. access通道。根据句意和句 中all patients and their families可知，句中强调的是所有患者及其家属，无一例外，exception意为例外， 名词词性，“without exception”意为无一例外应选C项。31、 His hard work made him very successful in his job.A. NP AdjpB. NP AdvpC. Adjp NPD. NP NP答案：c解析：考查句子结构中词性构成类型。句意：他的努力工作使他在工作上非常成功。第一个划线局部very successful 是形容
7、词短语，英文缩写是Adjp,副词very修饰形容词successful,该短语在句中作宾语补足语。第二个划 线局部his job.是一个名词短语，英文缩写是NP,该短语作介词in的宾语。应选C。32、 We are having a debate over the of smoking on our lungs.A. gainB. awardC. opportunityD. impact答案：D 解析:10 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们正在讨论吸烟对我们肺部的影响。A. gain好处，利益；B. award奖品，奖金;C opportunity机会;D.impact影响。根据句意,空处需填名词
8、impact,表示“影响。应选D项。33、 Don/t worry. Flu is a(n)disease in this season. Take this medicine, and your temperature will soon return to.A. normal; commonB. common; normalC. ordinary; generalD. general; ordinary答案：B解析：考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：别担忧。流感是这个季节的常见病。吃了这药，你的体温很快就会恢复 正常。normal正常的；common常见的；general 一般的；ordin
9、ary普通的。根据句意，第一空格意义为常见 的，用形容词形式修饰后面名词，作前置定语，common disease常见病；第二空格为正常，return to normal恢复正常，强调人体体温正常，此处normal作名词。应选B项。34、With only five minutes left from the end, the of the close match was still in doubt.A. cooperations. opponentC. outcomeD. outline答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：距离比赛结束只有5分钟了，这场势均力敌的比赛结果仍不明朗。A. c
10、ooperation 合作；B. opponent对手；C.outcome结果；outline轮廓；大纲。根据语境可知，比赛快结束了，但是因为两 队势均力敌，所以不明确的是比赛的结果。应选C。35 As expected, the boy who shows great in playing badminton has been admitted to the sport universityfor his talent.A. requirementB. respectC. additionD. promise答案：D 解析:11 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不出所料，这个在打羽毛球方面大有可为的
11、男孩因其天赋被体育大学录取。A.requirement要求;B. respect尊重；C.addition增加；D.promise希望,可能性。根据句意,此处表达“那个男 孩在羽毛球方面展现了极大的成功的可能性。应选D项。36 He is under great because of his new job.A. stressB. strengthC. streamD. push答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为新工作，他现在的压力很大。A.stress压力；B. strength力量；C. stream小河; D.push推。under great stress表示：压力很大。由此可
12、知A符合语境，应选A。37、 It is said that the San Francisco earthquake of 1906 had a of 8.3.A. detailB. magnitudeC. honourD. marathon答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：据说1906年旧金山地震的震级为8.3级。A. detail细节；B.magnitude震级；C. honour荣誉；D.marathon马拉松。表示地震的震级需用名词magnitude。应选B。38、 Weve always regarded Dr. Smith as a man of integrity and
13、high professional.A. interests. attitudeC. competenceD. reputation答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们一直认为Smith博士为人正直，专业能力强。A. interest兴趣；B.attitude态 度；C. competence能力；D. reputation声誉。根据前文“high professional”可知，Smith博士专业能力强。应选 C项。39、 Van Gogh was famous for his Sunflower, which was painted in three of yellow.12A. p
14、ortsB. shoresC. shadesD. stairs答案：C 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：梵高以他的向日葵而闻名，这幅画用了三种深浅不同的黄色。A. ports港口；B.shores海岸；C.shades深浅，阴影；D.stairs台阶。根据上文“which was painted in three指用三种深浅不同的黄色颜料作画，应用shade。应选C。40、The lecture Jack Ma made in the 2018 Shanghai Forum of Zhejiang Merchants left us with a wonderfulhe gave us a f
15、antastic description of what the future business will be like.A. associationB. functionC. satisfactionD. impression答案：D 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：马云在2018年上海浙商论坛上的演讲给我们留下了很好的印象，他对未来的商业 会是什么样子做了很好的描述。A. association联系；B. function功能；C. satisfaction满足;D. impression印象。 根据后文“he gave us a fantastic description of wha
16、t the future business will be like.（他对未来的商业会是什么样子 做了很好的描述。）可知，因为对未来商业有很好的描述，所以此处表示给我们留下了好的印象。应选D。41 We will explore a different to gathering information.A. adventureB. approachC. advanceD. addition答案：B 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们将探索一种不同的方法来收集信息。A.adventure探险；冒险；B.approach方 法；C.advance进步；D.addition附加物；补充物。短语：
17、approach to sth.z/的方法,此处指收集信息的一 种不同的方法，应选B。42 Be as careful of the books you read, as of the you keep, for your habits and character will be as muchinfluenced by the as by the latter.13A. resentment.formalB. company . .formerC. hatred.formalD. virtue.former答案：B解析：考查名词和形容词辨析。句意：对你所读的书和你所结交的朋友要同样谨慎，因为
18、你的习惯和性格受到前者 （书籍）和后者（朋友）的影响一样大。A.resentment愤怒,formal正式的;B pany同伴，former前者 （的）；C.hatred 憎恨,formal 正式的;D. virtue 美德，former 前者（的）。根据“Be as careful of the booksyou read可知，第一空拿读书和交友作比拟，所以选同伴；根据the latter可知，第二空将前者和后者进行 比照，所以选前者，应选B。43 What the doctor warned us is that the sleep may cause anger, poor memory
19、 and poor concentration.A. want inB. demand onC. lack inD. lack of答案：D解析：考查短语辨析。句意：医生警告我们的是，睡眠缺乏会引起愤怒、记忆力差和注意力不集中。A. want in动词 短语“想要进来；B. demand on名词短语需要；C. lack in ,错误表达，正确形容词短语为be lacking in在 缺少；D.lackof名词短语缺少。根据句子结构，设空处缺少名词短语，与sleep一同作从句的主语，表示 睡眠缺乏。应选D。小提示：44 The football always reminds me of my
20、mistake in that match, so I put it away somewhere out of my.A. sceneB. sceneryC. controlD. sight答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：足球总是让我想起那场比赛中的错误，所以我刻意不去看它。A.scene现场；B.scenery 风景；C.control 控制；D. sight 视力。 根据“The football always reminds me of my mistake in that match14可知，一看到足球就让我想起比赛中的失误，所以我刻意不去看它。out of sight看不见，
21、在视野之外。应选Do45 A poor economy has caused the of thousands of small businesses.A. complexityB. collapseC. convenienceD. correction答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：经济不景气导致成千上万的小企业倒闭。A. complexity复杂性；B. collapse倒闭；C. convenience方便；D. correction改正。根据上文“A poor economy has caused”指经济不景气导致小企业倒闭, 应用collapseo应选Bo46 The staf
22、f in the zoo said it was hoped that the project would raise money for future work of animals.A. conservationB. contributionC. consumptionD. conclusion答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：动物园的工作人员说，他们希望这个工程能为未来的动物保护工作筹集资金。A.conservation 保护；B.contribution 贡献；C.consumption 消耗；D.conclusion 总结。由“raise money for future wor
23、k of animals可知，句子表示他们希望这个工程能为未来的动物保护工作筹集资金，因此空格 处是保护，即conservation,应选A。47 Please give us plenty of notice if you have to cancel an.A. arguments. appointmentC. assumptionD. assistance答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你取消一个约会，请及时通知我们。A.argument论证；B.appointment约会；C.assumption假定,设想;D.assistance帮助。由句意可知,应该是取消约会所以要及时通
24、知我们,应选B。48 Jim has changed a lot this year and has made a good on others.15A. stressB. confusionC. impressionD. campus答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：吉姆今年变化很大，给别人留下了很好的印象。A.stress压力；B.confusion困惑；C.impression印象；D.campus校园。由前面的Jim has changed a lot可知，句子表示“吉姆今年变化很大,给别 人留下了很好的印象,make a good impression on sb.是固定短语,意
25、为“给某人留下很好的印象,应选C。49、 You shouldnt have been so rude to your friend. I think you owe him a(n).A. apologyB. favourC. debtD. attempt答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你不应该对你的朋友那么粗鲁。我觉得你应该向他抱歉。A. apology抱歉；B.favour偏爱；C. debt债务；D. attempt试图。根据“so rude to your friend可知,此处应该是因为对朋友的不礼 貌而向他抱歉。应选A项。50 Because of the tight an
26、d heavy workload of Grade 12, many students have to make use of their lunchbreak to finish homework.A. scheduleB. investigationC. performanceD. impression答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于高三年级课业紧张，课业繁重，许多学生不得不利用午休时间来完成作业。A.schedule 日程安排；B. investigation 调查；C. performance 表现；D. impression 象。根据heavy workload of Gr
27、ade 12可知，高三年级日程安排紧张。应选A项。51、The of spicy, salty, sweet and sour flavours makes Gong Bao Chicken hard to resist.A. decorationB. constructionC. competitionD. combination答案：D16解析: 考查名词。句意：辣、咸、甜、酸的混合口味使宫保鸡丁难以抗拒。A.decoration装饰；B.construction建造；C petition竞争；D bination结合。设空处在句中作主语，结合句意和空后的of spicy, salty,
28、sweet and sour flavours”可知，此处是指几种口味的结合。应选D。52 I havent seen Sarah since she was a little girl and she has changed beyond.A. generations. recognitionC. investigationD. graduation答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从萨拉小时候就没见过她了，她已经变得认不出来了。A.generation 一代（人）；B.recognition 认出， 识另U； C.investigation 调查；D.graduation 毕业。根据
29、I havent seen Sarah since she was a littlegirl可知,此处是指她已经变了许多,让人认不出来了。应选B。53、 There come two buses. The former is very crowded, but there is much room in.A. lateB. laterC. latterD. the latter答案：D解析：考查名词。句意：来了两辆公共汽车。前面一辆非常拥挤，但后面一辆有很大的空间。A.late迟（的），作形容词或副词；B. later后来（的），作形容词或副词；C.latter后者（的）,作形容词或名词；D.
30、 the latter 后者。根据There come two buses. The former is very crowded”可知，这里特指两辆公共汽车的后面一辆。应选Do54、The fact that more and more people are willing to enter public education means the increased of andsupport for teaching among the public and nation.A. realizationB. professionC. recognitionD. acquisition答案：C
31、解析:17 考查名词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的人愿意接受公共教育，这意味着公众和国家对教育的认可和支持。 A.realization实现；B.profession专业；C.recognition成认，认可；D.acquisition（知识、技能等的）获得。根据 “are willing to”可知,人们愿意说明大家认可。应选C。55、The company presented him with a gold watch in of his 20 years of good service.A, achievementB. appreciationC. attentionD. agreement
32、答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：公司送给他一块金表，以感谢他20年来的良好服务。Achievement成就；B.appreciation感激；C.attention注意；agreement同意。根据句意，他为公司服务20年，给他一块表以示 感谢。应选B。18A. constructions. limitationC. appointmentD. comfort答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：拥有一流的家庭影院，您可以在舒适的家中观看最新的电影。A. construction建设;limitation 限制；C. appointment 任命；D. comfort 舒适。根据With
33、 top class home theatre/可知，可以在舒 适的家中观看电影。应选D。5、His primary concern is not with his own, but he focuses on how much more he can help others, revealing （展现）a fine character.A. independenceB. mannerC. entertainmentD. welfare答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他最关心的不是自己的幸福，而是他能帮助别人多少，展现出他的优秀品质。A.independence 独立；B. manne
34、r 方式,举止；C. entertainment 娱乐；D. welfare 福祉，福利。根据 help others” 和“revealing a fine character可知，他最关心的不是他自己的幸福。应选D。6、 This morning, Jenny was praised by our English teacher because of her good in the English competition.A. performB. performingC. performedD. performance答案：D解析：考查名词词性转换。句意：今天早晨，詹妮被英语老师表扬了，因
35、为她在这次英语竞赛中的良好表现。分析 可知空格处是名词作宾语，指英语竞赛中的良好表现，故应用名词performance,此处为不可数名词。应选D 项Well, if you insist on eating so much, you will have to suffer the.A. consequencesB. exercisesC. evidenceD. exchanges答案：A解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：好吧，如果你坚持吃这么多，你将不得不承当后果。A. consequences后果；B.exercises练习；C.evidence证据；D. exchanges交换。根据句意可知
36、，吃的太多会对健康造成不好的影响，由 此可知，应该是不得不承当后果。应选A项。7、 The sunset was a very beautiful.A. sightB. registrationC. nationD. volunteer答案：A 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：日落是非常美丽的景色。A. sight景色;B.registration注册;C.nation国家；D.volunteer志愿者。由上文The sunset可知，日落是美丽的景色，应选A。9、Heroes like Officer Cai made major to the anti-drug cause（禁毒事业）.A
37、. contributionsB. progressC. donationsD. efforts答案：A 解析: 考查名词辨析。句意：像蔡警官这样的英雄为禁毒事业做出了重大贡献。A. contributions贡献；B.progress进 步；C.donations捐赠；D.efforts努力。根据句中的“Heroes”可知，从事禁毒事业的英雄们必定付出了许多, 因此contributions贡献”符合句意。应选A。小提示:10 I am impressed with Chinas to its climate goals, evidenced by the fact we are sure
38、of that China hasmet its 2020 targets three years ahead of schedule.A. evolutionB. innovationC. commitmentD. qualification答案：C 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国对其气候目标的承诺给我留下了深刻印象，我们确信中国提前三年实现了 2020 年的目标。A.evolution 进化；B.innovation 创新；C mitment 承诺；D.qualification 资格。由“to its climate goals可知，句子表示中国对其气候目标的承诺，因此空格处是承诺
39、，应选C。11 He received an for the role he played.A. awardB. permissionC. strengthD. debt答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他因所扮演的角色而获奖。A.award奖；B.permission许可；C.strength优点； D.debt债。根据for the role he played.可知，他因角色获奖了,应选A。小提示：12、Cosplay, short for costume play, is a of costume creation and role-playing, and its a big p
40、art ofthe at Comic-Con, the annual pop culture exposition in San Diego.A. mix.sceneB. mix.sceneryC. confusion.sceneD. confusion.scenery答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：Cosplay (costume play的简称)是服装表演的缩写，是服装创作和角色扮演的混淆, 它是圣地亚哥年度流行文化博览会动漫展(ComioCon)的重要组成局部。A.mix混合scene场景；B.mix混 合scenery 风景； C.confusion?昆淆scene 场景；D.c
41、onfusion 7昆淆.scenery 风景。由 Cosplay 和 costume creation and role-playing 可知，Cosplay 是 costume creation and role-playing 的混合，因此第一空是 mix；由 at Comic-Con, the annual pop culture exposition in San Diego可知，它是圣地亚哥年度流行文化博览会动漫展 (Comic-Con)的重要组成局部，动漫展是一个场景，因此第二空是scene, scenery指的是自然风景，应选A。13、 To his parents, thei
42、r son always makes them at his study.A. disappointment; disappointedB. disappointed; disappointingC. disappointing; disappointedD. disappointing; disappointment答案：A解析: 考查名词和形容词。句意：令他父母失望的是，他们的儿子总是让他们对他的学习感到失望。toonds disappointment意为令某人失望的是，为固定搭配，此处用名词disappointment表示“失望作介词to的宾 语。be disappointed at意为
43、对感到失望，为固定搭配，形容词disappointed意为感到失望的，说明人 的性质状态，此处作宾语them的宾语补足语；形容词disappointing （令人失望的）说明事物的性质状态。应选Ao14 The truck is carrying a of bananas, which will be sent to the north of China.A. loafB. lidC. loadD. burden答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析和固定短语。句意：卡车上载着一车香蕉，这些香蕉要运往中国北方。A. loaf一条；B.lid 盖子；C.load负载；负荷；D.burden负担。根据前文
44、主语The truck”以及后文宾语bananas可知，应是表达 卡车运载了很多香蕉。a load of，固定短语，意为大量；许多；的负载,符合语境和语义搭配。应选C 项。15、 Study shows that there is strong between physical punishment and the IQ.A. connectionB. conditionC. organizationD. cooperation答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究说明体罚和智商之间有很强的关联。A. connection关联，关系；B. condition 条件，状况；C. organi
45、zation组织；D. cooperation合作。结合句意可知,此处指研究说明两者之间有关联。 应选A项。16 The country was thrown into by the Presidents sudden death.A. chorusB. chaosC. circleD. claim答案：B解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为总统的突然离世，整个国家陷入一片混乱。A. chorus合唱队，歌舞队；B.chaos混乱，混沌；C.circle圆圈，周期；D.claim索要、声明。由语意可知，总统突然离世，造成的后果通常 是国家一时无主，所以陷入混乱之中。应选B项。17、 Malal
46、a Yousafzai, a(n)of womens rights, became a victim of terrorist attack.A. inventorB. competitorC. advocateD. composer答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:女权倡导者Malala Yousafzai成为恐怖袭击的受害者。A. inventor创造者；B.competitor 竞争者；C. advocate 拥护者，倡导者；D. composer 创作者。根据became a victim of terrorist attack.“可知，Malala Yousafzai是女权的倡导
47、者。应选C。18 Visitors are not permitted anything without.A. touching; permitB. to touch; permitionC. to touch; permissionD. touching; allowance答案：c解析：考查固定短语和名词。句意：访客未经允许不得触摸任何东西。第一空，表示被允许做某事可知，短语为be permitted to do sth.；第二空表示“未经允许，应用名词permission,作介词的宾语。应选C。19 When you face the to the church, turn right.
48、A. typeB. contextC. coverD. entrance答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你面对教堂的入口时，向右拐。A. type类型；B. context背景；C. cover封面；D.entrance入口。根据后文“to the church指教堂入口，应用名词entrance。应选D。20 Adam wants to keep writing novels but he has too much homework. He has difficulty finding a between his hobbies and his study.A. balanceB. possibilityC. relationshipD. suggestion答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析