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1、高中英语高考英语名词知识点及典型例题带答案单项选择题（精选试题名师出品）1、For countries such as Costa Rica, Kenya and Nepal, ecotourism is an important part of the.A. politicsB. historyC. geographyD. economy答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于哥斯达黎加、肯尼亚和尼泊尔等国来说，生态旅游是经济的重要组成局部。A. politics政治；B. history历史;C. geography地理;D. economy经济。根据语意分析，可知生态旅游与经济有 关，
2、D. economy经济符合语境。应选D项。2、In order to live up to their parents*, most of the kids have to study hard even over vacations.A. expectationsB. qualificationsC. applicationsD. innovations答案:A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了不辜负父母的期望，大多数孩子甚至在假期也要努力学习。A. expectations期 望;B. qualifications 任职资格;C. applications 应用；D. innovatio
3、ns 创新。根据In order to live up to their parents，”可知此处指父母的“期望。应选A。3、The government declared financial assistance would by those in the training courses.A. obtain;employeeB. be obtained; employmentC. be obtained; employeeD. obtain;employment答案：B解析：考查被动语态和名词。句意：政府宣称资助将由参加就业培训课程的人士获得.由by可知，第一空处用被动 语态，would
4、是情态动词，其后跟be done,因此第一空是be obtained；根据句意可知，training courses意为“就业培训课程”,空格处用名词employment作定语，修饰training courses,应选B。 表示弟弟害羞，当众唱歌对他是挑战。应选B。30、Cosplay, short for costume play, is a of costume creation and role-playing, and its a big part ofthe at Comic-Con, the annual pop culture exposition in San Diego.A
5、. mix.sceneB. mix.sceneryC. confusion.sceneD. confusion.scenery答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：Cosplay (costume play的简称)是服装表演的缩写，是服装创作和角色扮演的混淆， 它是圣地亚哥年度流行文化博览会动漫展(Comic-Con)的重要组成局部。A.mix混合scene场景；B.mix混 介scenery 风景；C.confusion 混淆.scene 场景；D.confusion 混淆.scenery 风景。由 Cosplay 和 costume creation and role-playing 可知
6、，Cosplay 是 costume creation and role-playing 的混合，因此第一空是 mix；由 at Comic-Con, the annual pop culture exposition in San Diego可知，它是圣地亚哥年度流行文化博览会动漫展 (Comic-Con)的重要组成局部，动漫展是一个场景，因此第二空是scene, scenery指的是自然风景，应选A。31 To his parents*, their son always makes them at his study.A. disappointment; disappointedB. d
7、isappointed; disappointingC. disappointing; disappointedD. disappointing; disappointment答案：A解析：考查名词和形容词。句意：令他父母失望的是，他们的儿子总是让他们对他的学习感到失望。t。ones disappointment意为令某人失望的是”，为固定搭配，此处用名词disappointment表示失望作介词to的宾 语。be disappointed at”意为对.感到失望”，为固定搭配,形容词disappointed意为感到失望的“，说明人 的性质状态，此处作宾语them的宾语补足语；形容词disap
8、pointing (令人失望的)说明事物的性质状态。应选 Ao32、The truck is carrying a of bananas, which will be sent to the north of China.A. loafB. lidC. loadD. burden10答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析和固定短语。句意：卡车上载着一车香蕉，这些香蕉要运往中国北方。A. loaf一条；B.lid 盖子；C. load负载；负荷；D. burden负担。根据前文主语The truck”以及后文宾语bananas”可知，应是表达 卡车运载了很多香蕉。a load of，固定短语，意为“大量
9、：许多；.的负载，符合语境和语义搭配。应选C 项。33、Study shows that there is strong between physical punishment and the IQ.A. connections. conditionC. organizationD. cooperation答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究说明体罚和智商之间有很强的关联。A. connection关联，关系；B. condition 条件，状况；C. organization组织；D. cooperation合作。结合句意可知，此处指研究说明两者之间有“关联。 应选A项。34 Prot
10、ecting yourself from theft is a matter of treating all your personal and financial documents as topsecret information.A. identityB. databaseC. conferenceD. resident答案：A解析：考查名词。句意:保护自己不被盗用身份就是把你所有的个人和财务文件当作绝密信息来对待。A. identity n. 身份；B. database n.数据库，资料库；C. conference n.专题讨论会；D. resident n.居民。根据句子结构和意
11、思 可知，这里考查名词做定语，表示“身份”的意思，修饰后面的名词theft。应选A。35、It is commonly known that many old people feel pains in their bones when rises.A. humidityB. pesticideC. antibioticD. intensity答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：众所周知，当湿度上升时，许多老年人感到骨头疼痛。A. humidity湿度；B.pesticide 杀虫剂;C. antibiotic 抗生素；D. intensity 强度。根据前文“many old people
12、 feel pains in their bones”可知，因为“湿度”上升，会使患风湿骨痛的老人骨头疼。应选A项。36、Visitors are not permitted anything without.A. touching; permitB. to touch; permitionC. to touch; permissionD. touching; allowance答案：C解析：考查固定短语和名词。句意：访客未经允许不得触摸任何东西。第一空，表示“被允许做某事“可知，短语为be permitted to do sth.；第二空表示未经允许”，应用名词permission,作介词的
13、宾语。应选C。37、When you face the to the church, turn right.A. typeB. contextC. coverD. entrance答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你面对教堂的入I时，向右拐。A. type类型；B. context背景；C. cover封面；D.entrance入口。根据后文“to the church”指教堂入口,应用名词entrance。应选D。38、Adam wants to keep writing novels but he has too much homework. He has difficulty fi
14、nding abetween his hobbies and his study.A. balanceB. possibilityC. relationshipD. suggestion答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：亚当想继续写小说，但他的作业太多了。他很难在爱好和学习之间找到平衡。A.balance 平衡;B. possibility 可能性；C. relationship 关系;D. suggestion 建议。根据his hobbies和his study”可12知，此处表示在爱好和学习之间找到平衡。应选A。39、Our school is a beautiful campus.
15、划线局部为 短语A.名词B.动词C.形容词D.副词答案：A解析：考查短语类型。句意：我们学校是一个美丽的校园。划线局部a beautiful campus是不定冠词a （一个）和形 容词beautiful （美丽的）作定语修饰名词campus （校园），所以划线局部是名词短语在句中作表语。应选A。40、On Thursday we went out on an business.A. tourB. voyageC. tripD. journey答案：C解析：考查名词辨析。句意:星期四我们去出差了。A.tour观光；B.voyage航行；C. trip出差或度假等短途旅行; D.journey不
16、知终点的长途旅行。business trip出差、商务旅行，应选C。小提小：41、It is quite possible to understand the meaning of a new word or phrase from the.A. contextB. accentC. senseD. character答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：从上下文中理解一个新词或短语的意思是完全可能的。A. context上下文，语境；accent 口音；C. sense 感觉，意识;D. character 性格。根据句意和句中understand the meaning of a new
17、word or phrase可知，我们应该通过上下文理解一个新词或短语的意思，context意为上下文，语境”，符 合句意。应选A项。42、We encourage all students to work at their own.13A. outcomeB. equationC. paceD. brand答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们鼓励所有学生按照自己的节奏学习。A.outcome结果；B. equation等式；C.pace节奏；D. brand品牌。根据句意，此处表达“节奏，作介词at的宾语，用名词形式。应选C项。43、Youve got to start the to
18、get the car going.A. investigationB. engineC. struggleD. performance答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你必须启动发动机才能使汽车开动。A.investigation调查；B.engine发动机：C.struggle斗争；D.performance表现。根据句意表示使汽车开动，可知应填入发动机。应选44、With top class home theatre, you can watch the latest movies in the of your own home.A. expectations. limitation
19、C. appointmentD. comfort答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：拥有一流的家庭影院，您可以在舒适的家中观看最新的电影。A. expectation期待:B. limitation 限制;C. appointment 预约；D. comfort 舒适。根据With top class home theatre”可知，可以在舒 适的家中观看最新的电影。应选D项。45、Everyone has the right to be treated with.A. replyB. reviewC. respectD. range答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人都有被尊敬对待
20、的权利。A.reply答复；B. review复习；C. respect尊敬；D.14range范围。分析可知空格处的词和with构成固定短语，做状语。根据句意C项符合语境。应选C。_Millions of people are suffering from starvation as a result of and poor harvests.A. juniorsB. magnitudeC. droughtD. request答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于干旱和歉收，数百万人正遭受饥饿之苦。A.juniors青少年；B. magnitude巨大;C. drought干旱：D. r
21、equest要求。根据后文and poor harvests可知，因为干旱和歉收，所以数百万人正遭受 饥饿之苦。应选C。47、Our school is based on the basic that all students should develop their full potential.A. optionB. intelligenceC. principleD. structure答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们学校基于的基本原那么是所有学生都应该充分发挥自己的潜力。A. option选项;intelligence智力;C. principle原那么；D. structu
22、re结构。根据句意可知，“所有学生都应该充分发挥自己的潜 力应该是学校的基本原那么，“principle意为原那么”，名词词性，符合句意。应选C项。48、“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with clearly in her voice.A. angerB. confusionC. regretD. panic答案：D解析：考杳名词词义辨析。句意：“汤米，快跑!快点!房子着火了!母亲喊道，声音里明显流露出恐慌。A.anger愤怒, 生气；B.confusion困惑；C.regret后悔，遗憾；D
23、.panic惊慌，恐慌。根据The house is on fire!可知他母亲是恐 慌地大喊。应选D项。小提示：1549、In a conversation between two persons, 65% of is done through body language.A. informations. pronunciationC. introductionD. communication答案：D解析：考查名词。句意：在两个人的对话中，65%的交流是通过肢体语言完成的。A:information信息；B: pronunciation 发音；C:introduction 介绍;D:comm
24、unication 交流。根据in a conversation （在对话中）“可知是 进行交流。应选D。50、The little girl shows a great for music.A. careerB. talentC. connectionD. power答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个小女孩展示出了在音乐方面的天赋。A.career职业；B. talent天赋；C. connection联系；D. power权利。show/have a talen for.在某方面有天赋为固定短语，符合句意。应选B项。51、When kids are struggling with
25、subjects like reading or math, schools may provide teaching, a specific program to address academic needs.A. comparisonB. accumulationC. interventionD. conservation答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当孩子们在阅读或数学等科目上遇到困难时，学校可能会提供教学干预，这是一 个针对学业需求的特定工程。A. comparison 比照;B. accumulation 积累;C. intervention 干预;D. conservati
26、on 保护。由When kids are struggling with subjects like reading or math”可知，句子表示“当孩子们在阅读或数学等 科目上遇到困难时，学校可能会提供教学干预，空格处意为“干预”，应选C。52、I am so lucky having you as my English teacher. Having a good teacher like you has made much of a for me.16 Thanks for saying so, but as I see it, your success was largely due
27、 to your own hard work.A. differences. dealC. decisionD. point答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析和固定短语。句意：一一我很幸运有你是我的英语老师。有一个像你这样的好老师对我产 生了很大的影响。一一谢谢你这么说，但在我看来，你的成功在很大程度上是由于你自己的努力。A.difference 不同；B. deal 交易；C. decision 决定；D. point 要点。短语 make a difference,意为“有影响,根据 句意，应选A。53、The age of the students ranged from 17 to 21
28、with a （n）of 19.A. averageB. usualC. normalD. regular答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：学生的年龄从17岁到21岁不等，平均年龄为19岁。A. average平均；B. usual通 常;C. normal正常；D. regular常客，主力。结合“from 17 to 21”可知,此处指“平均年龄是19岁”,应选A项。54、 Literally, overcapacity （产能过剩）pressured operating margins （利润），impacting players that lack scale or managem
29、ent to reduce costs.A. stabilityB. fluencyC. persistenceD. expertise答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：实际上，产能过剩给运营利润率带来了压力，影响了那些缺乏规模或管理经验以 降低本钱的企业。A. stability稳定性；B. fluency流畅性；C. persistence坚持，持久性;D. expertise专长，专 门知识。management expertise为固定短语,意为管理才干,符合句意。应选D。55、Shes battling with her over whether to tell the poli
30、ce what she saw.A. complaintB. consequenceC. conscienceD. composition17答案：c 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在与良心作斗争，不知道是否要把她所看到的告诉警察。A. complaint 抱怨;consequence 结果；C. conscience 良心；D. composition 成分。根据whether to tell the police what she saw. 可知，她的内心在与良心作斗争。应选C。184、I think it to read English storybooks and its a gre
31、at way to improve my English.A. interests. interestingC. interestsD. interested答案：B解析：考查词义辨析。句意：我觉得读英语故事书很有趣，这是提高我英语水平的好方法。A. interest名词，兴趣， 爱好；B. interesting形容词,有趣的;C.interests名词,利益,好处;D. interested形容词，感兴趣的。分析 可知,本句使用了 thinkit+adj.+ todo的句式，it为形式宾语，adj.此处为宾补,不定式结构为真正的宾语,表 示读英语故事书，所以要用-ing结尾形容词。应选B。
32、5、We all know that is an important value and lying is wrong.A. honesty; thatB. honest; /honesty; /D. honest; that答案：A解析：考查名词和宾语从句。句意：我们都知道老实是一个重要的价值观，说谎是错误的。分析句子结构可知，第 一空为句子主语需要用名词，即第一空填honesty：第二空and所并列的是know所引导的宾语从句。在从句 中，句子结构和意义完整，用连接词that引导宾语从句。此处为and并列的第二处宾语从句，所以that不可 省略，故第二空填that。应选A。6、The of
33、fers a wide choice of hotels, apartments and holiday homes.A. disasterB. pathC. brochureD. personality答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这本宣传手册提供了多种多样的酒店、公寓和度假别塞的信息。A. disaster灾难；path 道路；C. brochure 小册子；宣传手册；D. personality 性格。由卜文offers a wide choice of hotels, apartments and holiday homes.可知，宣传手册能提供多种多样的酒店、公寓和度假别里的
34、信息，应选C。27、The kids-only Internet service is a great which will help parents control their childrens access to theInternet.A. certificates. investigationC. innovationD. exception答案:C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：儿童专用互联网服务是一项伟大的创新，它将帮助父母控制他们的孩子接入互联 网。A. certificate 证书；B. investigation 调查；C. innovation 创新;D. exceptio
35、n 例外。根据上文“The kids-only Internet service is a great可知，指儿童专用互联网服务是一项伟大的创新，它将帮助父母控制他们的孩子接入 互联网，应用innovation。应选C。8、Kens father is an athlete, and Ken has the similar for sports.A. enthusiasmB. sustainabilityC. extent答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：肯的父亲是一名运发动，而肯对体育运动也有相似的热情。A. enthusiasm热情；B.sustainability持续性；C.exte
36、nt程度。根据上文的similar可推断，肯对运动有相似的热情。应选A。小提示：9、The round mooncake is a of reunion and happiness in Chinese culture.A. symbolB. signalC. signD. view答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在中国文化中，圆圆的月饼是团圆和幸福的象征。A. symbol象征；B. signal信号;C. sign 迹象：D. view 观点。由 上下文“The round mooncake is a of reunion and happiness in Chinesecultur
37、e.可知，在中国文化中，月饼是团圆和幸福的象征，应选A。10、The disk where you are trying to save the file has a on length of the file names.A. contexts. qualitiesC. limitationD. ranges答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你试图保存文件的磁盘对文件名的长度有限制。根据空格前的冠词a,可知空格处 要填可数名词单数。根据句意，可知此处意指在文件名长度上有限制。应选C项。11、The number of the people using Huawei is getting
38、larger and largerA. culturesB. customersC. historiesD. products答案:D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：使用华为产品的人数越来越多。A. cultures文化：B. customers客户;C. histories 历史；D. products产品。根据the people using Huawei及常识可知，此处指华为产品。应选D。12、According to the regulations, you can only borrow a of ten books from the library.A. minimumB. majo
39、rityC. messD. maximum答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据规定，你最多只能从图书馆借十本书。A. minimum最小值；B. majority大多 数;C. mess混乱;D. maximum最大值。根据后文“of ten books from the library”指最多只能从图书馆借十本书, 应用a maximum of最多。应选D。13、Typically, a mountain range will be the boundary between the area of two poleis （城邦）or a of water,because Greece
40、has the sea winding through it everywhere.A. stretchB. pickC. profileD. division答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：比方，一座山脉,就能成为一种典型的城邦之间边界，由于希腊四处邻海，一段水域也 可以成为边界。A.stretch（土地；水域）一片；一段；B.pick挑选；选择;C.profile概述;简介;D.division分 开；分隔。此处指把一段水域作为分界线，应选A。14、The organization assists people based on need and gives the top to t
41、hose in the most serious andimmediate danger.A. devotionB. divisionC. potentialD. priority答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：该组织根据需要为人们提供帮助，并对那些处于最严重和最紧迫危险中的人给予 优先考虑。A. devotion 献身;B. division 分开;C. potential 潜能;D. priority 优先事项。根据后文“those in the most serious and immediate danger”指优先考虑处于最严重和最紧迫危险中的人，应用give the top
42、priority to。 应选DoDespite years of by publishers, Alice never gave up but continued writing stories.A. conclusionB. companionshipC. rejectionD. endurance答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管出版商多年拒绝，爱丽丝从未放弃，而是继续写故事。A. conclusion总结，结 论;B. companionship 陪伴;C. rejection 拒绝；D. endurance 耐力。结合卜文Alice never gave up but con
43、tinued writing stories.可知，此处是指尽管出版商拒绝，但Alice还是坚持认真写作。应选C。16、ensures only the fittest survive to pass their genes on to the next generation.A. Virtual realityB. Wearable techC. Field researchD. Natural selection答案：D 解析: 考查名词短语词义辨析。句意：自然选择确保只有适者生存，将基因传给下一代。A. Virtual reality虚拟现实:B. Wearable tech可穿戴技术;
44、C. Field research实地研究：D. Natural selection自然选择。根据后文句意可知, 自然选择确定了适者生存的从林法那么。应选D项。17、During the speech, Professor Tang stressed that everyone should have the of voluntary andcontinuous learning.A. moodB. impressionC. conceptD. remark答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：唐教授在致辞中强调，每个人都应该有自愿和持续学习的观念。A. mood情绪；B. impressio
45、n 印象;C. concept 观念；D. remark 评论。根据下文“voluntary and continuous learning.”可知，此处是 指人人都要有自愿和持续学习的观念。应选C。18、During the pandemic, my mom expressed her about my health.A. complaintB. concernC. curiosityD. doubt答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：疫情期间，妈妈对我的健康表示担忧。A. complaint抱怨：B. concern担忧：C.curiosity好奇;D. doubt怀疑。根据前半句Dur
46、ing the pandemic”可知,因为在疫情期间,所以空处需用名词 concern,表示妈妈对我的健康担忧。应选B。19、People were at his sudden death. It was really to them.A. shocked; shockedB. shocked; a shockshocking; a shockD. shocking; shocking答案：B解析：考查形容词和名词。句意：人们对他的突然去世感到震惊。这对他们来说真是一个打击。主语是人，往往用- ed形式形容词。be shocked at对很震惊。shock作为名词，为可数名词，表示“突然而来
47、的打击，使人震惊 的事，前面常加不定冠词a。应选B。20、I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into when judging my examination.A. estimationB. accountC. thoughtD. observation答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我希望老师在评判我的考试时能考虑到我最近生病的情况。A.estimation估计，估 算；B.account 描述；C.thought 想法;D.observation 观察，评论，遵守。句子涉及短语 take sth into account, 意为
48、“对某事加以考虑，此处动词短语作宾语从句的谓语。应选B项。21、All applications welcome, but preference will be given to those with diving.A. waistB. qualificationsC. salaryD. leisure答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：欢迎所有申请,但有潜水资格者优先。A. waist腰部；B. qualifications资格；C. salary薪水;D. leisure休闲。根据前文All applications welcome”可知，此处指有潜水资格的人。应选B项。22、The red lanterns on the street added to the of Spring Festival.A. deliveryB. priorityC. encounter