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1、高中英语高考英语名词知识点及典型例题带答案单项选择题（精选试题名师出品）1、The motor industry declares that electric cars will become mainstream （主流）over the next.A. entranceB. decadeC. committeeD. feedback答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：汽车工业宣称电动汽车将在未来十年成为主流。A. entrance入口； B. decade十年; C. committee委员会;D. feedback反响。根据句意以及前文over the next可知，此处指“在未来十年
2、应选B 项。2、In a small wooded valley two towns, both set in beautiful.A. lies; surroundingB. lie; surroundingsC. lay; surroundingD. did lie; surroundings答案：B解析：考查倒装句，时态和名词。句意：在一个树木繁茂的小山谷里有两个城镇，都坐落在美丽的环境中。分析句 子可知，表示方位的介副词短语置于句首，句子使用全部倒装，根据句意用一般现在时，lie“位于，lay是lie 的过去式，故排除C、D项，主语是two towns,是复数，故谓语动词用复数，sur
3、rounding周围的，是形容 词，surroundings环境是名词，形容词beautiful修饰名词surroundings作介词宾语，应选B。3、The coach has in his athletes.A. confidences. competenceC. convenienceD. expectation答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:教练对他的运发动有信心。A.confidence信心；B petence能力；C.convenience 方便；D.expectation期望。由The coach和his athletes可知，句子表示“教练对他的运发动有信心”,have
4、解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：西湖风景之美是无法形容的。A.collection收集;B. selection选择；C. description 描述；D. tradition传统。根据the scenery of West Lake”可知，此处表示西湖的美景无法形容，beyond description为固定短语,意为难以形容。应选C。30、The police offered a $200 for any information leading to the arrest of the murderer.A. awardB. priceC. rewardD. prize答案：C解析：考查名
5、词词义辨析。句意：警方悬赏200美元悬赏，以获取可以抓捕凶手的任何信息。A. award奖品、授予;price价格；C. reward悬赏金、报酬；D. prize奖品、重要人物。分析语境可知,空格处用reward表示“悬赏 金、报酬符合语境。应选C项。31、Laziness is the of his failure.A. reasonB. causeC. excuseD. way答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：懒惰是他失败的原因。A. reason原因；B. cause原因；C. excuse借口； D. way方法。 reason说明某种行为或看法的理由，后接介词for； caus
6、e说明某种事实或现象的原因，后接介词。f。应选B。32、Procrastination can often pose to peoples ability their goals successfully, which is evident, forexample, in the fact that it is associated with receiving worse grades at school.A. a question . of pursuingB. an obstacle . to pursuea dilemma . to pursueD. a hindrance . to
7、pursuing答案：B解析： 考查名词和非谓语。句意：拖延症往往会给人们成功追求目标的能力带来阻碍，这一点很明显，例如，拖延10症与学校成绩较差有关。A.a question . of pursuing问题；追求B.an obstacleto pursue阻碍：追求”C.a dilemma . to pursue困境;追求D.a hindrance. to pursuing阻碍;追求固定搭配 ones ability to do sth“某人的做某事的能力，故排除选项A和D。在根据句意，拖延症是会阻碍成功的。应选B,33、Well never forget the Zhong Nanshan
8、 has made to the fight against COVID-19.A. pressB. donationsC. contributionsD. efforts答案:C 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们永远不会忘记钟南山为抗击新冠肺炎疫情作出的贡献。A.press新闻界；B.donations捐赠；C.contributions贡献；D.efforts努力。根据常识可知，我们永远不会忘记钟南山为抗击新冠 肺炎疫情作出的贡献，空格处意为“贡献”，应选C。to me.34、Your suggestions are far from worthless and they make a
9、 good deal ofA. differences. senseC. influenceD. meaning答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的建议绝非亳无价值，对我来说很有意义。A. difference差异：B. sense意义；理解力；C. influence影响；D. meaning意思。短语make a good deal of sense to sb表示“对某人很有意义”。故选Be35 I have a sore throat today!Youd better take advantage of the tea break to go to.A. chemistsB.
10、the chemistC. the chemisfsD. the chemists,答案：C解析：考查所有格的省略及固定用法。句意：一一今天我喉咙好痛。一一你最好利用茶歇时间去一下药店。chemist 为药剂师，药师，在英语中，人们惯常用goto the chemists这一用法来表达“去药店，这其实是一个省略 结构，完整的结构是go to the chemists shop （去药师的店铺），省略时注意仅去掉shop,保存定冠词the且 chemist用单数（固定用法），综上此题选C。36、In many the new version is not as good as the old o
11、ne.A. packsB. aspectsC. stylesD. points答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在许多方面，新版本不如旧版本好。A. packs背包；B. aspects方面：C. styles方式;D. points要点。根据后文“the new version is not as good as the old one”指在许多方面新版本不如旧版本好，应用aspecto应选Bo37、 More recently, the internationalization of financial markets, the spread of information by ele
12、ctronic media and other aspects of globalization have intensified the to /smallw languages.A. threatB. siteC. rangeD. extinction答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近，金融市场的国际化、电子媒体的信息传播以及全球化的其他方面都加剧了 对小”语言的威胁。A.threat威胁;B. site地点；遗址;C. range范围;D.extinction灭绝。根据句意可知,金 融市场的国际化、电子媒体的信息传播以及全球化会促进语言的统一，因此会威胁到小语言，导致其消失。应选
13、Ao38、The curious girl looked at the box and then she opened it out of.A. curious, curiousB. curiously, curiosityC. curiously, curiousD. curiosity, curiously答案：B解析：考查词副词和名词。句意：这个好奇的女孩好奇地看了看盒子，然后出于好奇把它翻开了。A.curious好奇的;12 curious 好奇的;B.curiou好好奇地,curiosity 好奇心;C. curiously 好奇地,curious 好奇的;D.curiosity 好
14、奇心， curiously好奇地。分析句子结构可知,第一空应填写副词修饰动词look可;根据out of 可知，第二空应填写 名词，out of curiosity意为出于好奇”,应选B。39、Many teenagers want to be like Zhong Nanshan when they grow up.A. writersB. engineersC. doctorsD. cleaners答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多青少年长大后想成为钟南山那样的医生。A. writers作家；B. engineers工程师;C. doctors医生；D. cleaners清洁工。根
15、据like Zhong Nanshan”可知,此处表示想成为医生。应选Co40、The boy gives the policeman a of what happened in the accident.A. descriptions, describee. descriptiveD. descriptively答案：A解析：考查词义辨析。句意：那个男孩向警察描述了事故发生的经过。A.description描述，词性为名词；B.describe 描述，词性为动词；descriptive描写的：表达的；为形容词；D.descriptively表达地，为副词。结合题干设 空前的冠词，所以此处要用
16、名词。应选A。41、Last week his performance secured him the for Actor of the Year at the Hollywood Film Festival.A. rewardB. prizeC. awardD. bonus答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：上周，他的表演为他赢得了好莱坞电影节的年度最正确男演员奖。reward”报酬；奖 励”;prize奖金；award奖;奖品”;bonus额外津贴;红利 根据下文“for Actor of the Year at the Hollywood Film Festival可.知，此处说的是“
17、好莱坞电影节的年度最正确男演员奖”，应选Co42、 It might be very difficult to find the of the information.13A. causeB. resourceC. courseD. source答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：要找到这个信息的来源可能很困难。A.cause原因：B.resource资源；C.course课 程；D.source来源。根据句意可知，要找到这个信息的来源可能很困难。应选D项。43、Try to keep a between work and relaxation.A. healthB. balanceC. f
18、itD. balanced答案：B解析：考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：努力在工作和休闲之间保持平衡。A.health健康；B.balance平衡；C.fit健康的；D.balanced平衡的。a后跟名词作宾语，由between work and relaxation可知，句子说“努力在工作和 休闲之间保持平衡”，因此空格处是平衡，即balance, keep a balance between.and.是固定短语，意为 “在和之间保持平衡,应选B。44、Is money the of a happy life?A. basisesB. basicC. basisD. based答案:C解析：
19、考查名词。句意:金钱是幸福生活的基础吗？ A. basises名词，basis的复数形式，意为“基础”;B. basic形容词, 意为“基本的;基础的；C. basis名词,意为基础；D. based形容词，意为在.居住（或工作）；基地（或 总部）在.；为基础的。the basis of.的基础,用名词的单数形式。应选C。45、According to the picture, you can go there.14RESTROOMSwhen you want to have a restA. when you want to buy somethingwhen you want someth
20、ing to drink答案：A解析：考查名词。句意：根据图片，你可以去那里。图片中文字意思：厕所、休息室。A.当你想休息时；B. 当你想买东西时；C.当你想喝点东西时。可知当你想休息时，你可以去那里。应选A。46、The government has announced a new to help lower the greenhouse gas emissions.A. advisorB. budgetC. initiativeD. perspective答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：政府宣布了一项新举措，以帮助减少温室气体的排放。A. advisor顾问；B. budget 预算
21、；C. initiative 建议；新方案；D. perspective 态度。根据announced及to help lower the greenhouse gas emissions”可知,initiative建议；新方案”符合句意。应选C。47 It was discovered that children dislike watching their siblings fight. In fact, they respond to by supportingone sibling and pushing the other.A. commentsB. reflectionsC. ar
22、gumentsD. occasions答案:C 解析:15 考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们发现孩子们不喜欢看兄弟姐妹打架。事实上，他们对争吵的反响是支持兄弟 姐妹中的一个，并且排挤另一个。A. comments评论；B. reflections反思，反射；C. arguments争吵；D.occasions场合，机会。根据前文fight”和句意可知，此处指对“争吵”的反响。应选C项。48、Before getting on a coach, a train or plane, you must have the of your bag checked to make sure youarent
23、carrying any dangerous things.A. detailsB. contentsC. ingredientsD. entrances答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在上长途汽车、火车或飞机之前，你必须检查一下包里的东西，以确保你没有携 带任何危险物品。A. details细节：B. contents内容，所容纳之物：C. ingredients原料；D. entrances入口。由 语意可知，为了确保没有携带危险物品，你必须检查包里所装的东西。应选B项。49、The of penicillin is very helpful in fighting against
24、bacteria.A. generationB. statisticC. nutritionD. discovery答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:青霉素的发现对对抗细菌很有帮助。A. generation 代;B. statistic统计；C.nutrition 营养；D. discovery 发现。根据后文“of penicillin is very helpful in fighting against bacteria”指青霉素的发 现，应用discovery,应选D050、The boss has in solving such a problem.A. many experi
25、encesB. many experiencedC. much experiencedD. much experience答案：D解析：考查名词。句意：老板在解决这样的问题上有丰富的经验。空处为宾语，应用名词，名词experience意为经16验时是不可数名词，意为“经历”时是可数名词，根据句意可知，此处表示“有很多经验，不可数名词用much 修饰，应选D。51、Some students think they enjoy reading just out of interest, but others argue that a better score is their mainA. rec
26、ognitionB. attractionC. occupationD. motivation答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些学生认为他们喜欢阅读只是出于兴趣，但其他人认为更好的成绩是他们的主 要动机。A. recognition 识别；B. attraction 吸引；C. occupation 职业；D. motivation 动机。根据上文“a better score is their main”指更好的成绩是喜欢阅读的动机,应用motivation。应选D。52、She has a good of the French language.A. nativeB. baseC.
27、 commandD. request答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：她精通法语。A. native本地人，当地人；B. base根基，基础；C. command命令， 掌握；D. request请求，需求。have a good command of为固定短语,意为精通应选C。53、We stay in with each other by telephone.A. contactB. contractC. constructD. confuse答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们通过 保持联系。A. contact联系；B. contract合同；C. construct构想；D
28、.confuse混淆。固定搭配：in contact with与有联系应选A。54、The stronger the is, the more quickly a man will learn a new skill. In other words, it is up to whether he has an interest in it.17A. motivationB. cooperationC. qualificationD. interaction答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：动力越强，一个人学习新技能的速度就越快。换句话说，这取决于他是否对此感 兴趣。A. motivatio
29、n 动力；动机；B. cooperation 合作；C. qualification 资格；D. interaction 相互作用。根据 “whether he has an interest in it”可知，感兴趣就会有动力。应选A项。55 Do you have a work for this week, Doreen?A. headlineB. attitudeC. scheduleD. identity答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:你这周有工作安排吗,多琳？ A. headline头条新闻:B. attitude态度;C. schedule 日程、计划；D. identity
30、身份。这里指工作安排。应选C。18 confidence in sb.是固定短语,意为“对某人有信心，应选A。4、People in this country who have no job can get money from, but it isnt much to live on.A. welfareB. priceC. prizeD. salary答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个国家里，失业者可以从社会福利中得到钱，但靠这点钱生活并不算多。A.welfare （政府给予的）福利;B. price价格;C. prize奖赏;D. salary工资。根据前文.who have
31、no job”可知， 因为是没有工作的人，由此可知，此处需用名词welfare,表示从社会福利中得到钱。应选A。5、We have a lot of for the single mother, for she had to bring up the children on her own.A. confidences. ambitionC. courageD. sympathy答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们很同情这个单亲妈妈，因为她必须单独抚养孩子。A. confidence信心；B.ambition 抱负；C. courage 勇气；D.sympathy 同情。根据后文for
32、she had to bring up the children on her own （因为她必须单独抚养孩子）”可知，此处表示我们同情她。应选De6、Music should be taught on a regular basis in schools because of the it can bring to the development ofchildrens brains.A. systemsB. prioritiesC. barriersD. benefits答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：学校应该定期教授音乐，因为音乐对儿童大脑的发育有好处。A. systems体系，
33、系 统；B. priorities 优先事项；C. barriers 障碍：D. benefits 好处。根据Music should be taught on a regular basis in schools推知，音乐对儿童大脑的开展是有好处的。应选D。小提示:7、My brother is a pol iceman.划线成分是A.主语B.谓语C.宾语D.表语答案：D解析：考查句子成分。句意:我的哥哥是一名警察。句子中，my brother为主语，is为系动词,“a policeman”在系 动词后作表语。应选D.8、Nowadays, when you enter a shopping
34、 mall or bank, the staff there will take your temperature at the entrance as a matter of.A. contactB. routineC. virtueD. manners答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，当你进入购物商场或者银行时，员工会在入口按照惯例给你量体温。A.contact联系;B. routine惯例，常规;C. virtue道德，美德；D. manners礼貌。根据句子分析可知,此处表示“按照惯例，作为例行公事”，表达为as a matter of routine。应选B,小提取：9、T
35、hough David received the from the school basketball team, he didnt give up his dream and continuedpracticing hard.A. interactionB. companionshipC. cooperationD. rejection答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然大卫遭到了学校篮球队的拒绝，但他并没有放弃自己的梦想，并继续努力练 习。A. interaction 互动；B. companionship 友谊;C. cooperation 合作;D. rejection 拒绝。根
36、据上下文的转折 关系，可知大卫遭到了学校篮球队的拒绝，拒绝(rejection)符合语境和句意，应选D。10、The only thing he listened to while up was Jazz music, for which he showed a particular.3A. grew; preferences, was growing; interestC. grown; interestD. growing; preference答案：D解析：考查省略和名词词义辨析。句意：在他成长的过程中，他听的唯一的音乐就是爵士乐，因此他对爵士乐有特 殊的偏爱。while引导时间状语从句
37、时，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同，那么从句的主语和be动词都可 以省略，所以 while （he was） growing。preference （爱好,偏爱的事物）；interest （兴趣）。show a preference 现出偏爱）。根据The only thing he listened to while up was Jazz music”可知，他对爵士乐有特殊的偏爱。应选D。11、 Sir, did you enjoy your stay in our?一Yes, I slept well and I like the breakfast.A. hotelB. schoolC
38、. factoryD. company答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一先生，您在我们酒店过得愉快吗？一是的，我睡得很好，我喜欢早餐。A.hotel 宾馆；B.school 学校;C.factory 工厂;D pany 公司。根据I slept well and I like the breakfast.可知，住的是 宾馆。应选A项。12、 It took all day to transport the furniture to the new.A. debateB. survivalC. civilizationD. apartment答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：把家具运到
39、新公寓花了一整天的时间。A. debate辩论；B. survival生存；C.civilization文明；D. apartment公寓。根据空前the furniture ”可知,空处需用名词apartment,表示把家具搬 到公寓去。应选D。13、 My first was to go straight to Henry and tell him my news, but on reflection I thought better of it.4A. impulseB. baitC. bounceD. distinction答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的第一个冲动是直接去找
40、亨利把我的消息告诉他，但经过深思熟虑，我改变了 主意。A. impulse 冲动：B. bait 诱饵；C. bounce 弹跳;D. distinction 差异。根据句意和句中“but on reflection I thought better of it可知，我”之前的决定未经过深思熟虑，是冲动的做法，impulse意为“冲动。应选A项。14、Toms parents behavior, as well as their words a key effect on him during the past twenty years.A. haveB. have hadC. has had
41、D. has答案：C解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的20年里，汤姆父母的行为和话语都对他有关键的影响。根据时间 状语during the past twenty years”可知，句子谓语用现在完成时。当as well as”并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就 远原那么，即和behavior”保持致，所以要用第三人称单数形式。应选C。15、Weve had a few, but we/re still good friends.A. disagreeB. disagreesC. disagreementD. disagreements答案：D解析：考查名词。句意：我们有过一些分歧，但我们仍
42、然是好朋友。分析句子可知，设空处单词在句中作宾语，应 用名词，disagree意为不同意，动词词性，故A和B排除，disagreement意为分歧,为可数名词，句中 “a few意为一些，几个“，后接可数名词复数形式，故空格处应用disagreement的复数形式disagreements。 应选D项。16、Is there anything else in that youd like to share with us?A. particularB. panicC. eagernessD. addition答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：还有没有什么别的你特别要和我们提供的吗？ A.
43、 particular特别的，讲究的：B.panic恐慌;C. eagerness渴望;D. addition加法，相加,附加。固定短语in particular相当于副词表示尤其特 别”,符合题意。in panic恐慌，in eagerness渴望地；inaddition此外，都可以排除。应选A项。17、While the rise of STEAM learning is relatively new, there are already that prove the integration ofthese seemingly distinct disciplines is support
44、ing students performance at school.A. featuresB. illustrationsC. picturesD. figures答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然STEAM学习的兴起相对较新，但已经有数据说明，将这些看似不同的学科整 合在一起，有助于学生在学校的表现。A. features特征；B. illustrations说明；C. pictures图画；D. figures数据。 根据that prove the integration of these seemingly distinct disciplines is supporting
45、 students* performance at school/ 可知，这些是通过数据说明的。应选D。18、Everyone must follow his advice and Mr. Wang, our headmaster, was no.A. exceptions. expectationC. experienceD. expression答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人都必须听从他的建议，我们的王校长也不例外。A. exception例外：B.expectation 期待；C. experience 经验；D. expression 表达。根据上文“Everyone m
46、ust follow his advice”可知，王 校长也不例外。应选A。19、That flood has been several times to prove that its important to take preventive.A. referred to, actionsB. referred, measureC. referred, actionD. referred to, measures答案：D 解析：考查动词短语和名词词义辨析。句意：人们屡次提到那次洪水，以证明采取预防措施是很重要的。第一空表 示提到，提及”应用短语refer to；结合上文“its importa
47、nt to take preventive”指采取预防措施，应用take measures,也可以说成 take actionn 应选 D。20、Because of the tight and heavy workload of Grade 12, many students have to make use of their lunchbreak to finish homework.A. scheduleB. pressureC. performanceD. impression答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于12年级的时间紧课业重，很多学生不得不利用午休时间完成作业。A.sc
48、hedule时间表;B. pressure压力;C. performance表现；D. impression卬象。由语意可知，很多学生不得不 利用午休时间完成作业，说明他们的时间安排紧张。应选A项。21、The also preserves the bodies of 100 cats and dogs and other pets whose owners hope they may oneday return to life.A. instituteB. instanceC. intensityD. intention答案:A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：该研究所还保存着100只猫、狗和其他宠物的尸体，它们的主人希望它们有朝一 日能复活。A.in