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1、全国英语等级考试五级(PETS5)历年真题八材料题（江南博哥）根据以下材料，回答1-11题America-the great melting pot-has always been a rich blend of cultural traditions from all over the world. Many American families can trace their histories (31)_ immigrant ancestors who traveled great (32)_ , enduring riskand hardship, to make a home (33)
2、_they would be guaranteed basic freedoms. And for many American families, these freedoms came(34)_a struggle. Their parents andgrandparents were deprived of the basic rights we value.American society was founded (35)_freedom from religious persecution and on tolerance of (36)_in beliefs and cultural
3、 heritage. The differences (or diversity) that come(37)_people from allover the world enrich our culture, bringing new ideas and energy. Today, more than (38)_, children have opportunities to interact with (39)_ of differing ethnicities, religions, and cultures.Classrooms are increasingly (40)_, ref
4、lecting the communities where families live and work.Some parents welcome the fact that we live in an increasingly diverse (41)_ Others may feel more hesitant, especially if they have not had much exposure (42)_people different from (43)_.Many children are way ahead of their (44)_ in terms of exposu
5、re to cultural differences. Their circle of friends, their schoolmates, and their athletic teams are much more varied than(45)_of even a generation ago.Why is it important for parents to (46)_their children prepare to live, learn, and work in communities that will become even more diverse? Teaching
6、tolerance is important (47)_.justbecause it is part of our American heritage but (48)_the person who learns to be open to differences will have more opportunity in education, in business, and in so many (49)_ways.In (50) _, your childs success depends on it. Success in todays worldand tomorrows-depe
7、nds on being able to understand, appreciate, and work with others.1填空题参考解析：to【精析】trace.to这里的是trace的固定用法，表示“追溯到.”。参考译文美国这个大“熔炉”一直是世界各地各种文化传统的大集合。许多美国家庭追溯历史时可以知道，他们移民的祖先为了在一个能保障基本自由的地方安家而旅行到很远的地方，历经风险与艰辛。而且对于许多美国家庭来说，这些自由来自于斗争。他们的父母和祖父母曾被剥夺了我们珍视的基本权利。从宗教迫害中解放出来的自由以及对信仰和文化遗产多样性的包容是美国社会建立的基础。这种多样性来自于世界各
8、地的人们，他们丰富了我们的文化，为我们带来了新的思想与能量。今天，比起从前，孩子们有更多的机会与不同种族、宗教、文化的人交流。教室也变得越来越多样，这也反映出家庭生活的工作的社区。一些父母很乐意我们居住在一个越来越多样性的社会里。而其他人则可能感到更犹豫，尤其是当他们很少接触与自己不同的人时。许多孩子比他们的父母更早接触到文化差异。他们的朋友、校友、运动队圈子比上一代人的圈子更加多样化。社会即将变得更加多样化，为什么对父母来说帮助孩子在这样的社会中生活、学习、工作做准备很重要?教会他们包容并不只是因为这是美国传统的一部分，而且是因为坦然接受这些不同的人将在教育、商业和许多其他方面拥有更多的机会
9、。总之，孩子的成功取决于多样化。不管现在还是未来，成功都取决于能够理解别人、欣赏别人、与别人合作。2填空题参考解析：distances【精析】这句话什么“祖先为了在一个能保障基本自由的地方安家而旅行到、历经风险与艰辛”，根据句意，历经艰辛，所以应该是去到了很远的地方。3填空题参考解析：where【精析】这里是where引导定语从句修饰home。4填空题参考解析：with【精析】comewith，表示“随着”。5填空题参考解析：on【精析】befoundedon，与后面“andontoleranceof”一样表示“基于”。6填空题参考解析：differencesdiversity【精析】前面的“
10、toleranceof”表示“对的包容”，后一句的“Thedifferences(ordiversity)thatcome”给出了提示，这里表示对多样性的包容。7填空题参考解析：from【精析】comefrom，表示“来自于”。8填空题参考解析：ever【精析】morethanever，表示“比起从前；更加”。9填空题参考解析：people【精析】“childrenhaveopportunitiestointeractwith”孩子们有机会与人们交流。10填空题参考解析：diverse【精析】这一段主要是在说多样性和包容的内容，下一段的“Someparentswelcomethefacttha
11、tweliveinanincreasinglydiverse”也给出了提示，这里应该是“教室也变得越来越多样”。11填空题参考解析：society【精析】前一段最后一句话给出了提示，多样化的社会。12填空题参考解析：to【精析】haveexposuret0表示“与接触，曝光”。13填空题参考解析：themselves【精析】这句话表示“接触与自己不同的人”。14填空题参考解析：parents【精析】前两句话主要是说父母的情况，这里把孩子与父母进行比较。15填空题参考解析：that【精析】前后作比较，这里that指代了theircircle。16填空题参考解析：help【精析】父母对孩子主要是帮
12、助教育，这里考虑到后面的动词形式，选择help。17填空题参考解析：not【精析】notjustbut表示“不仅而且”。18填空题参考解析：because【精析】notjustbecause不仅因为，这里是同样的含义，表示原因。19填空题参考解析：other【精析】根据“ineducation，inbusiness，andinSOmanyways”，这里表示“在教育方面、商业方面，以及一些其他的方面”。20填空题参考解析：conclusionshort【精析】inconclusionshort，表示总结。材料题根据以下材料，回答21-21题Text 1Paolo Fril, chairman
13、and scientific officer of GeneDupe, based in San Melito, California, is a man with a dream. The dream is a dragon in every home.GeneDupes business is biotech pets. Not for Dr. Fill, though, the cloning of dead cats and dogs. He plans a range of entirely new animals-or, rather, of really quite old an
14、imals, with the twist that when they did exist, it was only in the imagination.Making a mythical creature real is not easy. But Gene Dupes team of biologists and computer scienfists reckon they are equal to the task. Their secret is a new field, which they call virtual cell biology.Biology and compu
15、ting have a lot in common, since both are about processing informationin one case electronic; in the other, biochemical. Virtual cell biology aspires to make a software model of a cell that is accurate in every biochemical detail. That is possible because all animal cells usethe same parts list-mito
16、chondria for energy processing, the endoplasmic reticulum for making proteins, Golgi body for protein assembly, and so on.Armed with their virtual cell, Gene Dupes scientists can customize the result so that it belongs to a particular species, by loading it with a virtual copy of that animals genome
17、. Then, if the cell is alsoloaded with the right virtual molecules, it will behave like a fertilized egg, and start dividing and developing first into embryo, and ultimately into an adult.Because this growth is going on in a computer, it happens fast. Passing from egg to adult in one of Gene Dupes e
18、normous Mythmaker computers takes less than a minute. And it is here thatCharles Darwin gets a look in. With such a short generation time, Gene Dupes scientists can add a little evolution to their products.Each computer starts with a search image (dragon, unicorn, griffin, etc), and the genome of th
19、e real animal most closely resembling it ( a lizard for the dragon, a horse for the unicorn and mosttaxingly, the spliced genomes of a lion and an eagle for the griffin). The virtual genomes of these real animals are then tweaked by random electronic mutations. When they have matured,the virtual adu
20、lts most closely resembling the targets are picked and cross-bred, while the others are culled.Using this rapid evolutionary process, Gene Dupes scientists have arrived at genomes for a range of mythological creatures in a computer, at least. The next stage, on which they are just embarking,is to do
21、 it for real.This involves synthesizing, with actual DNA, the genetic material that the computer models predict will produce the mythical creatures. The synthetic DNA is then inserted into a cell that has had itsnatural nucleus removed. The result, Dr. Fill and his commercial backers hope, will be a
22、 real live dragon, unicorn or what you have. Dr. Fril is confident about his new idea. Indeed, if he canget the dragons respiration correct, he thinks they will set the world on fire.21单选题Dr. Frils new ambition is to cloneA.petsingeneral.B.rareanimals.C.prehistoricanimals.D.imaginaryanimals.正确答案：D参考
23、解析：D【精析】细节题。题目问的是“福瑞尔博士的新想法是克隆。”根据第二段的最后一句“Heplansarangeofentirelynewanimals-or，rather，ofreallyquiteoldanimals，withthetwistthatwhentheydidexistitwasonlyintheimagination”可知，他的计划是克隆出一系列全新的动物，或者更确切的说，一系列非常古老的动物和那些只存在人们想象中的生物。故选D。参考译文基因复制公司(Gene Dupe)的董事长和科学干事保罗福瑞尔是一个有理想的人，他以加利福尼亚的圣迈里托为基地想要大干一场。他的理想就是每个
24、家庭都能拥有一条“龙”。 基因复制公司的业务是用生物技术定制宠物。但对福瑞尔博士来说，公司并不只是对死去的猫狗进行克隆。他计划了一系列全新的动物，或者更确切的说，一系列非常古老的动物和那些只存在人们想象中的生物。制造想象的生物真的是一件不容易的事。但是基因复制公司的生物学家和计算机科学家团队认为他们能够完成这个任务。他们的秘密是一个新的领域，他们称之为“虚拟细胞生物学”。生物学和计算机科学都是关于处理信息的科学，一个是电子信息，一个是生化信息，因此它们有许多相同之处。虚拟细胞生物学旨在完威一个细胞的软件模型这个模型的每一个生化信息都必须非常精确。这可能是因为所有的动物细胞都拥有同样的结构制造能
25、量的线粒体，制造蛋白质的内质网，加工蛋白质的内质网等。有了虚拟细胞，基因复制公司的科学家们可以通过用该动物的基因组的虚拟副本去运载它，来定制结果使它属于特定的物种。如果这个细胞还运载了正确的虚拟分子，它将像一个受精卵一样开始分裂和分化，首先形成胚胎，然后形成成年个体。由于这种成长是在计算机中进行的，它发展得很快。在基因复制公司的一台巨大的神话制造者计算机中，从受精卵到成年个体的过程不到一分钟就可以完成。这儿是查尔斯达尔文研究的领域。由于这种短暂的生成时间，基因复制公司的科学家们能够对他们的产品进行一些改造。每一台计算机都开始于一个搜索形象(例如龙、独角兽、格里芬古希腊神话中的鹰头狮身带有翅膀的
26、怪兽等)和与这种形象最相似的真实动物的基因组(例如与龙相似的蜥蜴、与独角兽相似的马、与格里芬相似的狮子和鹰的拼接基因组)。这些真实动物的虚拟基因组之后通过随机电子变异产生突变。当他们成熟以后，与目标动物最相像的虚拟成年个体会被挑选出来进行杂交，而其他的动物则会被杀死。通过这种快速进化过程，基因复制公司的科学家们至少已经在计算机中完成了一系列神话生物的基因组。下一步，也是他们刚刚着手的工作，就是把它们变成现实。这涉及到实际DNA和计算机模型预测会产生神话生物的遗传物质的合成。合成DNA接着会被嵌入到除去天然核的细胞中。福瑞尔博士和他的商业支持者们希望，结果将会是一条真实的活生生的龙、独角兽或者任
27、何你想要的其他生物。福瑞尔博士对他的新想法非常自信。事实上，他认为如果能真正了解龙的基因特征，他们能把整个世界点燃。22单选题Now GeneDupes scientists are trying to find outA.theexistenceofmythicalanimals.B.thecausesfortheextinctionofsomeanimals.C.thesimilaritiesbetweenbiologyandcomputing.D.thepossibilitiesofcreatingmythicalcreatures.正确答案：D参考解析：D【精析】推断题。题目问的是“现
28、在基因复制公司的科学家们正在试着找出。”根据第八段的“GeneDupeSscientistshavearrivedatgenomesforarangeofmythologicalcreatures-inacomputer，atleastThenextstage，onwhichtheyarejustembarkingistodoitforreal”可知，基因复制公司的科学家们至少已经在计算机中完成了一系列神话生物的基因组，下一步，也是他们刚刚着手的工作，就是把这些生物变成现实。A选项和B选项文中没有提及，c选项出现在第四段“Biologyandcomputinghavealotincommon，
29、sincebothareaboutprocessinginformation一inonecaseelectronic：intheother，biochemical”但这里只是提及有相同点，科学家们并没有对此进行研究。故选D。23单选题The research is based onA.generalgeneticengineeringtheory.B.thedevelopmentofcomputingtechnology.C.thetheoryofcross-breedingofdifferentspecies.D.animalsbiochemicalinformationprocessing
30、.正确答案：D参考解析：D【精析】推断题。题目问的是“这项调查是建立在的基础上的。”由第三段“Theirsecretisanewfield，whichtheycallvirtualcellbiology”可知，他们的秘密是虚拟细胞生物学。根据第四段的“Biologyandcomputinghavealotincommon，sincebothareaboutprocessinginformation-inonecaseelectronic；intheother，biochemicalVirtualcellbiologyaspirestomakeasoftwaremodelofacellthati
31、saccurateineverybiochemicaldetail”可知，生物学是处理生化信息的，而虚拟细胞生物学旨在完成一个细胞的软件模型这个模型的每一个生化信息都必须非常精确。故选D。24单选题The team has chosen a lizard for the dragon as they think these creaturesA.havethesamegenome.B.havesimilarappearances.C.belongtothesamespecies.D.possessthesamegeneticstructure.正确答案：B参考解析：B【精析】推断题。题目问的是
32、“这个团队为龙选择蜥蜴是因为这些生物。”根据第七段的“Eachcomputerstartswithasearchimage(dragon，unicorn，griffin，etc)，andthegenomeoftherealanimalmostcloselyresemblingit(alizardforthedragon，ahorsefortheunicornandmosttaxingly，thesplicedgenomesofalionandaneagleforthegriffin)”可知，每台计算机开始于搜索形象(龙)和与这种形象最相似的真实动物的基因组(与龙相似的蜥蜴)。故选B。25单选题
33、Dr. Fril and his team think they will succeedA.withtheadvancementofcomputersciences.B.astheyhaveworkedoutgenomesbycomputer.C.whentheyfindtheactualDNA.D.iftheygetenoughcommercialbackers.正确答案：C参考解析：C【精析】推断题。题目问的是“福瑞尔博士和他的团队认为他们将会成功。”根据第八段“Usingthisrapidevolutionaryprocess，GeneDupesscientistshavearrive
34、datgenomesforarangeofmythologicalcreatures-inacomputer，atleastThenextstage，onwhichtheyarejustembarking，istodoitforreal”可知，通过这种快速进化过程，基因复制公司的科学家们至少已经在计算机中完成了一系列神话生物的基因组，下一步，也是他们刚刚着手的工作，就是把它们变成现实。由最后一段的“Thisinvolvessynthesizing，withactualDNA，thegeneticmaterialthatthecomputermodelspredictwillproducethe
35、mythicalcreatures”和“DrFrilisconfidentabouthisnewideaIndeedifheCangetthedragonsrespirationcorrect，hethinkstheywillsettheworldonfire”可知，这涉及到实际DNA和计算机模型预测会产生神话生物的遗传物质的合成，如果取得实际DNA，他们就可以取得成功。B选项是他们已在计算机上完成基因组，并不能完全符合合成的要求。故选C。材料题根据以下材料，回答26-26题Text 2Cultural globalization, for many, means Westernization
36、 or Americanization. An important distinction concerning todays cultural globalization is that it is largely driven by corporations, rather thancountries. As such, one of the central concerns is the spread of consumer culture. For many critics, non-Western culture and practices are at risk of being
37、overwhelmed by homogenizing McDonaldization.Skeptics contend that the erosion of culture has been overstated. They point to evidence that local culture remains strong. Cultural interactions have taken place for centuries so to argue non-Western cultural are somehow pure is naive. In a sense, the cul
38、tural degradation argument dismisses the ability of non-Western people to control their destiny and incorporate those attributes they may find useful. What is more, some argue that national identities are founded on real differences that have continuedsalience.Other skeptics point to the growth of e
39、thnic and nationalist movements in the post-Cold War world as evidence that these sources of identity remain strong. Intense interaction may make people more cognizant of difference and lead to conflict. Information technology may, in fact,intensify traditional identities. Cultural globalization inv
40、olves processes of unequal power, which brings traditions and identities into question. Where ethnic and religious groups feel threatened byglobalization, there is the potential for conflict.Migration is a significant aspect of globalization that has not only economic but also social and cultural ef
41、fects. While migration is not unique to the present age, communication and transportationtechnologies allow migrants a greater opportunity to maintain links with their homelands. More porous borders raise questions about notions of citizenship and identity. While challenges tonational identity may c
42、ome from supranational entities such as the European Union, globalization at the same time may facilitate the triggering of more local, particularistic identities.There is some disagreement on where this is all going and whether globalization could come to an end. Clearly the openness and interconne
43、ctedness that emerged in the late 1800s was notpermanent. The 1930s saw the major powers carving out spheres of influence and blocking out others. From a broader historical perspective, however, that may have been a hiccup. Whereasbefore the end of the American Civil War it took months to go by ship
44、 from one coast of the US to the other. The transcontinental railroad cut the trip to a week by 1870 and today it is amatter of a few hoursby plane. There was some discussion after 9.11 whether the need for security would bring an end to the era of globalization. In some areas, such as educational e
45、xchanges, there has been an impact.Overall, however, the flow of goods, people, and messages of peace and war .continue unabated some five years later. In many respects, therefore, globalization is not going away. Thechallenge for humanity, then, is to direct these forces in peaceful and beneficial
46、ways.26单选题Critics of cultural globalization believe thatA.traditionalidentitiesarebeingthreatenedbyWesternculture.B.nationalidentitiesarebasedondifferences.C.identitiesarebrokendownduetocommunicationandmigration.D.ethnicconflictsarecausedbyWesternizationorAmericanization.正确答案：A参考解析：A【精析】细节题。题目问的是“文化全球化的批评家们相信。”根据第一段的“Formanycritics，non-Westerncultureandpracticesareatriskof