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1、全国英语等级考试四级(PETS4)历年真题（五）材料题（江南博哥）根据以下材料，回答1-20题In 1942, the HMS Edinburgh was sunk in the Barents Sea.It was on its21back to Britainwith ninety-one boxes of Russian gold.22thirty-nine years it lay there, too deep for divers to23.No one was allowed to explode it, either, since the bodies of sixty of
2、the crew also lay inthe24.Then, in 1981, an ex-diver called Jessop decided to try using new diying techniques.25he could not afford to finance the26which was going to cost four million pounds, hehad to look for people who were27to takethe risk.28, they were not even sure the goldwas going to be ther
3、e! First a Scottish diving company, then a German shipping company agreedto join in the retrieval29.Not long after that, Jessop30a fourth company to take a31.Since the gold was the32of the British and the soviet governments, they both hopedto make a33, too! The biggest problem was how to get34thegol
4、d.Fortunately, theywere able to examine the Edinburghs sister ship, the HMS Belfast, to35out the exact locationof the bomb room,36the gold was stored.They knew it was to be an extremely difficult and dangerous undertaking.to reach the gold,they would have to cut a large square37the body of the ship,
5、 go through the empty fuel tankand down tothe bomb room.After twenty-eight dives, they38to find the first bar.Everyoneworked39the clock, helping to clean and stack the gold,40as to finish the job as quick-ly as possible.1单选题A.roadB.pathC.wayD.passage正确答案：C参考解析：Croad道路；path小路，小径；way路；passage通道，过道。这四个
6、词都有道路的含义，但只有way可用于固定搭配Oiloneswayto，表示“在去的路上”。在此句中，0nitswaybacktoBritain意为“在巡洋舰返回英国的路上”，故选C。2单选题A.DuringB.ForC.AtD.Since正确答案：B参考解析：B这四个介词都可以用来表示时间，但用法却不尽相同。during在期间，当之时，用来表示一段时间；for持续达，计，后面常跟具体的时间段，如：forfivemonths；at在时刻，通常指时间的某一点，如ateightoclock；since自从之后，要与现在完成时连用。根据旬意“这艘巡洋舰三十九年以来就一直沉于海底”可知，此处需要一个表示
7、时间段的介词，且能够与“三十九年”搭配，只有fbr符合要求，故选B。3单选题A.findB.discoverC.diveD.reach正确答案：D参考解析：Dfind找到；discover发现；dive潜水；reach到达。根据前文句意可知，此处想要表达的意思是“到达”，toodeepfordiverstoreach意为“(沉船的位置)太深以至于潜水员无法到达”，故选D。4单选题A.wreckB.ruinC.relicD.waste正确答案：A参考解析：Awreck沉船，遇难船；ruin废墟，遗迹；relic遗体，遗物；waste荒原，荒芜之地。根据前文可知，“英国皇家海军爱丁堡号”巡洋舰于1
8、942年在巴伦支海沉没，由此可推断出该句中六十具船员的尸骸所在的位置应在沉船内，故选A。5单选题A.AlthoughB.UnlessC.AsD.If正确答案：C参考解析：Calthough尽管，虽然；unless除非，如果不；as由于，因为；if如果。根据上下文“他无法独自承担搜索所需的四百万英镑，不得不寻找愿意承担风险的人。”可知，这里需要表示原因的连接词，故选C。6单选题A.researchB.operationC.movementD.search正确答案：D参考解析：Dresearch研究，探讨；0peration操作；movement移动；search搜索，探查。由全文可知，这次潜水寻
9、找黄金是一次搜索任务，只有search可表示“搜索，探查”，符合文意，故选D。7单选题A.willingB.lucklyC.committedD.engaged正确答案：A参考解析：Awilling愿意的；lucky幸运的；committed忠诚的，坚定的；engaged忙的，从事的。bewillingtodostll表示“愿意做某事”，bewill.ingtotaketherisk表示“愿意承担风险”，符合文意，故选A。8单选题A.AllinallB.InadditionC.IncaseD.Afterall正确答案：D参考解析：Dallinall总之；inaddition除此之外，另外；in
10、case以防；afterall毕竟。根据前文所述杰索普需要帮他承担风险的人，可推断此处应紧接着解释这个风险是什么，也就是“毕竟，他们还不确定黄金是否还在那里。”，故选D。9单选题A.assignmentB.temptationC.attemptD.commission正确答案：D参考解析：Dassignment工作，任务；temptation引诱；attempt尝试，试图；com-mission委任，委托。assignment与commission都可以表示一项任.务，但assignment侧重于表示分配、指派的任务，而commission可以表示委托完成的任务。根据上下文，杰索普需要说服一些
11、公司加入这次搜索任务，因此用“委托”这些公司完成任务更为贴切，故选D。10单选题A.introducedB.persuadedC.associatedD.stimulated正确答案：B参考解析：Bintroduce介绍；persuade说服；associate联合；stimulate激励。由于前文中提到这项任务资金不够且有风险，可以推断出此处想要表达的是“劝说，说服”一些公司来投资和加入搜索任务；stimulatesbtodosth表示“激励某人去做某事”，与文意不符；其余两项的用法分别是：introducesbtosth介绍某人尝试某物；associatesbsthwith把某人某物与联系
12、起来；A、C、D均不符合文意，故选B。11单选题A.chanceB.lookC.measureD.choice正确答案：A参考解析：Achance机会；look看；measure测量，措施；choice选择。根据前文提示，杰森普需要寻找愿意承担风险的人，可以推断出此处表示杰森普说服了第四家公司来承担风险。takeachance为固定搭配，表示“冒险”，等同于前文中提到的taketherisk。takealook表示“看一看”；measure和choice均不与take搭配，且与文意不符，故选A。12单选题A.businessB.estateC.obligationD.property正确答案：
13、D参考解析：Dbusiness生意，事务；estate地产，财产；0bligation义务，责任；property财产，资产。根据旬意可知，此处要表达的是这些黄金是英国和苏联的财产。从四个选项的词义可排除A，C两项。estate和property都有财产的意思。但property侧重于指金钱上的财产，如：SomeofthestolenpropertywasfoundinMasonshouse.(在梅森的房子里找到了一些被盗的财物。)而estate侧重于指地产，如：HeownsalargeestateinScotland.(他在苏格兰有大量地产。)根据上下文可知property较为合适，故选D。
14、13单选题A.profitB.benefitC.successD.welfare正确答案：A参考解析：Aprofit益处，收益；benefit益处，好处；Success成功；welfare福利。inakeaprofit表示获利，为固定搭配。四个选项只有profit可与make搭配。benefit表示获利时，用其固定搭配benefitfromby，success可用于固定搭配makeasuccessofsth，表示“获取成功，取得成就”，welfare常用于welfareservices表示“福利事业”。本句话意思为“这两个国家都希望能够从中获利。”故选A。14单选题A.aboutB.aroun
15、dC.toD.from正确答案：C参考解析：Cgetabout四处走动，旅行；getaround劝服(某人)，应付(某问题)；getto到达；没有getfrom这个搭配。这句话要表达的意思是“最大的难题是如何到达黄金所在的位置。”故选C。15单选题A.getB.takeC.workD.try正确答案：C参考解析：Cgetout逃离；takeout取出，除掉；workout设法弄明白；tryout试用。根据全文可知搜索团的任务是寻找黄金，由此可推断出他们检查“爱丁堡号”的姐妹船“贝尔法斯特号”的目的是为了弄清楚黄金储藏地弹药房的确切位置，故选C。16单选题A.whichB.whereC.here
16、D.there正确答案：B参考解析：B此空要填非限定性定语从句的引导词。非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分做进一步说明，通常有引导词，且和主句问用逗号隔开。例如：Thesouthernstateswantedtosetupacountryoftheirown，wheretheywouldbefreetokeepblackslaves.(南方各州要建立一个属于他们自己的国家，在那里他们将自由地保留黑人奴隶。)由于前面的先行词thebombroom表示地点，所以此处需要一个表示地点的关系副词where，整个非限定性定语从句修饰bombroom，表示弹药房就是黄金所在地，故选B。17单选题A.o
17、nB.illC.amongD.along正确答案：A参考解析：Aon在上，in在里面，among处在中，along沿着。该旬意思是：为了找到黄金，他们需要在船身上切割一个大的正方形，故选A。18单选题A.managedB.achievedC.succeededD.fulfilled正确答案：A参考解析：Amanage处理事务，设法做到；achieve获得；succeed成功；fulfill实现。根据句意可知，经过二十八次潜水，搜索队终于设法找到了第一个金锭。managetodosth表示“设法做成某事”。其余三项虽然都含有成功做成某事之意，但均不能用于此搭配，故选A。19单选题A.before
18、B.byC.withD.round正确答案：D参考解析：D根据后面的“tofinishthejobasquicklyaspossible”可知人们想尽快完成这项工作，由此可推知此处想要表达的是“抓紧时间工作”，workroundtheclock为固定搭配，表示“全天候工作、没日没夜地工作”，故选D。20单选题A.thatB.muchC.farD.so正确答案：D参考解析：Dsoasto意思为“以便，为了”。在这里做目的状语，解释全天候工作的原因。soastofinishthejobasquicklyaspossible，意思是“以便尽快完成这项工作。”故选D。材料题根据以下材料，回答21-25
19、题Competition for admission to the countrys top private schools has always been tough, but this year Elisabeth realized it had reached a new level.Her wake-up call came when a man called the Dalton School in Manhattan, where Elisabeth is admissions director, and inquired about the age cutoff for thei
20、r kindergarten program.After providing theinformation, she asked about the age of his child.The man paused for an uncomfortably long time before answering.Well, we dont have a child yet.Were trying to figure out when toconceive a child so the birthday is not a problem.Worries are spreading from Manh
21、attan to the rest of the country.Precise current data on private schools are unavailable, but interviews with representatives of independent schools all told thesame story:an oversupply of applicants, higher rejection rates.We have people calling us for spots two years down the road, said Marilyn of
22、 the Seven Hills School in Cincinnati.We havegrandparents calling for pregnant daughters. Public opinion polls indicate that Americans No.1 concern is education.Now that the long economic boom has given parents more disposableincome, many are turning to private schools, even at price tags of well ov
23、er $10,000 a year.Were getting applicants from a broader area geographically than we ever have in the past, saidBetsy of the Latin School of Chicago, which experienced a 20 percent increase in applications this year.The problem for the applicants is that while demand has increased, supply has not.Ev
24、ery year, there are a few children who do not find places, but this year, for the first time that I know of, thereare a significant number without places, said Elisabeth.So what can parents do to give their 4-year-old an edge? Schools know there is no easy way to pick a class when children are so yo
25、ung.Many schools give preference to children of their graduates.Some make the choice by drawing lots.But most rely on a mix of subjective and objective measures: tests that at best identify developmental maturity and cognitive potential, interviews with parents and observation of applicantsin classr
26、oom settings.They also want a diversemix.Children may end up on a waiting list simply because their birthdays fall at the wrong time of year, or because too many applicants were boys.The worst thing a patent can do is to pressure preschoolers to perform-for example, by pushing them to read or do mat
27、h exercises before theyre ready.Instead, the experts say, parents should take a breath and look for alternatives.Another year in preschoolmay be all thats needed.21单选题From this text we learn that it is .A.hardertomakeachoicebetweenpublicandprivateschools.B.hardertogotoprivateschoolsthisyearthanbefor
28、e.C.moredifficulttogotopublicschoolsthantoprivateschools.D.asdifficulttogotoprivateschoolsthisyearasbefore.正确答案：B参考解析：B该题为细节题。根据第一段第一句“Competitionforadmissiontothecountrystopprivateschoolshasalwaysbeentough，butthisyearElisabethrealizedithadreachedanewlevel.”可知，进入国家的顶级私立学校的竞争一直以来都很激烈，但是今年伊丽莎白发现这种竞争达到
29、了一个新的水平。由此可知，今年想进入私立学校比往年更加困难，而不是跟往年一样困难，故选B。22单选题The sentence“We have peopledown the road”(Line 4，Paragraph 2)probably meansA.wehavepeoplecallingUSforparkingspacetwoyearsaheadoftime.B.peoplecalledUSforpermissiontousetheplacestwoyearsa90.C.wereceivedcallsfrompeopledowntheroadtwoyearsa90.D.peoplecall
30、edUSforschoolvacanciestwoyearsinadvance.正确答案：D参考解析：D该题为释义题。根据后一句“Wehavegrandparentscallingforpregnantdaughters.”可知，有些家长会提前向私立学校咨询孩子入学的事情。因此可以推知“WehavepeoplecallingUSforspotstwoyearsdowntheroad.”意为“有人提前两年就打电话咨询学校是否会有名额。”，故选D。23单选题The text indicates that private schools are very selective because they
31、A.havenoreliablemethodstopickstudentsforaclass.B.wantagoodmixtureofboysandgirlsforclasses.C.encountermoredemandthantheycancopewith.D.prefertoenrollchildrenoftheirrelatives.正确答案：C参考解析：C该题为推理题。根据第三段“Theproblemfortheapplicantsisthatwhiledemandhasincreased，supplyhasnot.”可知申请私立学校的人数在增加，但私立学校的招生名额却没有增加。接着
32、第四段详细讲了一些私立学校如何选择学生。由此可推断，私立学校对学生如此精挑细选的原因在于有太多的学生申请，他们不得不通过各种方法来选择学生。选项A与文章的意思有所出入，第四段第二句“Schoolsknowthereisnoeasywaytopickaclasswhenchildrenaresoyoung.”可知学校认为选择学生没有简单的方法，并不是如A项所表示的选择的方法不可靠。选项8是某些学校选择生源的方法，即男女比例协调，由此可知A、B两项不能作为学校精心选择学生的原因。选项D在文中没有提及，故选C。24单选题From the text，we can infer that the auth
33、orA.favorstheideaofputtingchildrenonawaitinglist.B.agreestotestpreschoolerscognitivepotentials.C.thinkschildrenshouldbebetterpreparedacademicallyD.disapprovesoftheunduepressureonpreschoolers.正确答案：D参考解析：D该题为态度题。由最后一段的第一句“Theworstthingaparentcalldoistopressurepreschoolerstoperform-forexample.bypushing
34、themtoreadordomathexercisesbeforetheyreready.”可知作者认为强迫学龄前儿童学习是父母做的最糟糕的事。由此可推断出作者反对给学龄前儿童过度的压力，故选D。25单选题Which of the following Can serve as a title of this text?A.HardTimeforthePreschoolersB.ProsperityofPrivateSchoolsC.TheProblemforPublicSchoolsD.AmericanssN01Concern正确答案：A参考解析：A该题为主旨题。全文主要讲述儿童进入顶级私立学
35、校困难，名额少，学校筛选过程谨慎，许多父母都在提早为学龄前孩子做准备。选项A“学龄前儿童的艰难时代”符合文意；选项B“私立学校的繁荣兴旺”，只是涉及文章的部分内容，文章主旨围绕的是学生申请私立学校困难这一现象，而不是私立学校本身；选项C“公立学校的难题”，而文中并没有提到；选项D“美国人最关注的问题”即教育，涉及教育方面的内容有很多，本文谈论的仅仅是其中一方面，该说法过于宽泛，B.C、D均不符合文意，故选A。材料题根据以下材料，回答26-30题William Shakespeare described old age as second childishness-no teeth, no ey
36、es, no taste.In the case of taste he may, musically speaking, have been more perceptive than he realised.A paper in Neurology by Giovanni Frisoni and his colleagues at the National Centre for Research and Care of Alzheimerss Disease in Italy, shows that frontotemporal dementia can affect musical des
37、ires in ways that suggest a regression,if not to infancy,then at least to a patients teens.Frontotemporal dementia, a disease usually found with old people, is caused, as its namesuggests, by damage to the front and sides of the brain.These regions are concerned with speech,and with such higher func
38、tions as abstract thinking and judgment.Two of such patients intrigued Dr Frisoni.One was a 68-year-old lawyer, the other a 73-year-old housewife.Both had undamaged memories, but displayed the sorts of defect associated withfrontotemporal dementiaa diagnosis that was confmned by brain scanning.About
39、 two years after he was first diagnosed, the lawyer, once a classical music lover who referred to pop music asmere noise, started listening to the Italian pop band 883.As his com-mand of language and his emotional attachments to friends and family deteriorated, he continued tolisten to the band at f
40、ull volume for many hours a day.The housewife had not even had the lawyerslove of classical music, having never enjoyed music of any sort in the past.But about a year afterher diagnosis she became very interested in the songs that her 11-year-old grand daughter was listening to.This kind of change i
41、n musical taste was not seen in any of the Alzheimers patients, and thusappears to be specific to those with frontotemporal dementia.And other studies have remarked onhow frontotemporal-dementia patients sometimes gain new talents.Five sufferers who developed artistic abilities are known.And in anot
42、her case, one woman with the disease suddenly started com-posing and singing country and western songs.Dr Frisoni speculates that the illness is causing people to develop a new attitude towards novelexperiences, Previous studies of novelty-seeking behaviour suggest that it is managed by the brainsfi
43、ght frontal lobe.A predominance of the right over the left frontal lobe, caused by damage to thelatter, might thus lead to a quest for new experience.Alternatively, the damage may have affectedsome specific nervous system that is needed to appreciate certain kinds of music.Whether that is again or a
44、 loss is a different matter.As Dr Frisoni puts it in his article, there is no accounting fortaste.26单选题The writer quotes Shakespeare mainly toA.praisethekeenperceptionofthegreatEnglishwriter.B.supportDr.Frisonistheoryaboutadisease.C.startthediscussiononabraindisease.D.showthelonghistoryofthedisease.
45、正确答案：C参考解析：C该题为细节加推理题。第一段第一句话莎士比亚把老年阶段比做“第二次孩子气”没有牙，视力差，失去味觉。接着整篇文章谈论了一种跟音乐品味有关的大脑疾病额颞痴呆症。由此可知，作者引用莎士比亚的一句话只是为了引出后文，即startdiscussiononabraindisease，故选C。27单选题The word“regression”in the l st paragraph is best replaced byA.backwardmovement.B.unconlledincfination.C.rapidadvancement.D.unexpectedrestoration.正确答案：A参考解析：A该题为释义题。根据第一段最后一句“ifnottoinfancy，thenatleasttoapatientsteens.”可知额颞痴呆症可以在某种程度上引起音乐品味的退化，即便不是退到婴儿期，也至少会退到病人十几岁时，故选A。28单选题After contracting frontotemporal dementia.the 68-year-old lawyerA.becamemoredependentonhisfamily.B.grewfondofcl