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1、全国英语等级考试二级（pets2级）历年真题试卷(五)材料题（江南博哥）根据下面资料，回答21-23题。Its a time when school，homework，active social lives and part-time jobs kc印teenagers(青少年)busy from early in the morning until late at nightThey are likely to try to make up for a lack of sleep by“sleeping in”on the weekendsUnfortunatelythis causes i
2、rregular sleep and ac-tually makes the problem worseMost teenagers are not able to fall asleep until late at nightSince many teens arent sleepy until around ll Pm，but need to be at school by 7：300r 8：00 am，they cannot get enough sleepDuring puberty(青春期)，the biological clock in the brain naturally re
3、sets to a later time，and this causes teens to fall asleep laterThen，when its time to get up，a teens body clock is likely to still be producing the night-time hormones(荷尔蒙)This makes it hard for them to feel active and energetic in the morningA growing body of research suggests that starting high sch
4、ool later improves aRendance，achievements and gradesA few years ago in an important study，test scores on the SAT college entrance exams in Edina，Minnesota jumped more than l00 points on average，when the morning school bell rang an hour laterUnfortunately，most schools are not set up to start later an
5、d fail to satisfy teens sleep needs21单选题What effect does“sleeping in”on the weekends have on teenagers?A.Improving their healthB.Weakening their energyC.Disturbing their biological clockD.Making up for their hormone loss正确答案：C参考解析：参考译文这是一个学校、家庭作业、丰富的社交生活和兼职工作都会让青少年们从早上忙到深夜的时代。他们可能会试图通过周末“睡懒觉”来弥补平日睡眠
6、的不足。不幸的是，这样做会导致睡眠不规律进而使问题更严重。大多数青少年要到很晚才能入睡，因为他们在夜里11点之前都不会有困意，但又必须确保次日早上7：30或8：00到校，所以得不到足够的睡眠。在青春期，大脑中的生物钟会自然地把睡眠时间自动调整到晚些时候，而这会导致青少年入睡更晚。于是，到该起床的时候，青少年的身体可能还在分泌夜间荷尔蒙，这使他们很难在早上精神抖擞。越来越多的研究表明，中学上课时间的推迟可以提高出勤率、学习效果和分数。几年前一个重要的研究课题显示，当早间上课时间推迟一个小时，明尼苏达州伊代纳市的SAT大学入学考试平均成绩提高了100多分。遗憾的是，大多数学校都没有重新设置到校时间
7、，从而也没有满足青少年的睡眠需求。【精析】细节题。题干意为“周末睡懒觉对青少年有何影响?”由第一段末句“makes the problem worse”可知影响是负面的；由第二段第三句“the biological clockre-sets，causes teens to fall asleep later”可知，这个负面影响主要是生物钟被重置，即为遭到破坏或扰乱。A选项完全有悖原文，B选项“削弱精力”和睡懒觉无关，D选项“弥补荷尔蒙缺失”在原文中未曾提及。故C正确。22单选题The study in Minnesota shows that starting moming school on
8、e hour later helps to_A.make teenagers grow fasterB.change teenagerssleep needsC.do more research on teenagersD.improve studentsachievements正确答案：D参考解析：细节题。题干意为“明尼苏达州的研究表明，早间上课时间推迟一个小时有助于_ 。”原文最后一段提到，该地区SAT大学入学考试平均成绩提高(jump)了100多分，由此可见，D选项“提高学生成绩”是正确答案。另外三个选项“促进青少年成长”、“改变青少年睡眠需求”、“针对青少年做更多的研究”在原文中都未曾
9、提及。故D正确。23单选题The text helps US to know more about teenagers_A.daytime activitiesB.sleeping habitsC.mental problemsD.studying methods正确答案：B参考解析：主旨题。题干意为“本文有助于我们了解更多青少年的_。”阅读原文可知，本文在重点讲述青少年的睡眠问题，包括导致青少年睡眠晚的原因，睡眠推迟带来的负面影响(如扰乱生物钟、导致睡眠不足、影响出勤率和学习效果等)，继而提出可以通过上课时间推迟来满足睡眠需求。全文始终在围绕青少年的睡眠问题展开。故B正确。材料题根据下面资料
10、，回答24-27题。Chica90s Childrens Hospital is the lucky receiver of a surprise$18 million gift from Gladys HolmShe once was a secretary who never earned more than$15，000 a year and never marriedShe lived alone in a small flat in Chica90，and was a volunteer at the Childrens HospitalShe was called the“Tedd
11、y Bear Lady”because she brought toy animals to sick children on her regular visitsBut Miss Holm，who died in 1996 at the age of 86，was also a longtime buyer of stocks(股票)Over the years，she saved money that rose up tO$18 million，which she left to the Childrens HospitalIt was the largest single donatio
12、n in the hospitals 115-year historyThe hospital president，Jan Jennings，was shocked when she heard the news“When Miss Holms lawyer called to tell me how much that money was，I asked him to repeat it，since l was certain I had mis-heard”Why did Gladys Holm feel so strongly about the Childrens Hospital?J
13、ennings said the hospi-tal first touched Miss Holms heart nearly 50 years ago，when doctors there saved the life of her friends daughterShe never forgot the happiness she felt all those years agoHolms gift will be devoted to heart disease researchPeople at the hospital said they regretted that they c
14、ouldnt thank Miss Holm for the surprising gift24单选题According to the text，Miss Holm built up her fortune by_A.playing Teddy Bear LadyB.working as a secretaryC.helping in the hospitalD.buying stocks正确答案：D参考解析：参考译文芝加哥儿童医院幸运地收到由Gladys Holm女士捐赠的高达1800万美元的善款。Holm女士曾是一位秘书，每年收入不超过15万美元，终身未婚。她独自居住在芝加哥的一间小公寓，
15、曾是儿童医院的一位志愿者。她被称为“泰迪熊女士”，因为她总是定期去医院做志愿者并且每次都给生病的孩子带去动物玩偶。但Holm女士在1996年以86岁高龄去世之前，还长期购买股票。这些年她存下的钱已经达到1800万美元，她把这笔钱全部留给了芝加哥儿童医院。这是该院建院115年以来收到的单笔金额最高的捐赠款。该院院长Jan Jennings听到这个消息时非常惊讶，她说：“当Holm女士的律师打电话告诉我这笔钱金额有多大时，我让他又重复了一次，因为我觉得我肯定听错了。”为何Gladys Holm女士对芝加哥儿童医院感情如此深厚?Jennings说该院第一次感动到Holm女士是在大约50年前，当时那里
16、的医生挽救了她朋友的女儿的生命。她后来一直都未曾忘记当年她所感受到的那种幸福和快乐。Holm女士的捐赠款项将被投入到心脏疾病的研究。医院的工作人员说他们很遗憾不能当面向Holm女士表达他们对她此次慷慨捐赠的谢意。【精析】细节题。题干意为“根据本文内容，Holm女士通过_积累了她的资产。”从第一段第二句话可知，她的职业是秘书，年收入不超过15万美元，故B选项靠秘书工作积累是错误的。C选项是她的善举，与资产的累积无关。文章第一段第四句话提到“Teddy Bear Lady”是人们对她的昵称，不是表演，故A选项也错误。第一段第五句话“a long-time buyer of stocks”以及第六句
17、话“she saved money that rose up to”可知，她的这笔巨款是靠多年购买股票的增值，故D正确。25单选题Why did Jan Jennings ask the lawyer to repeat what he said?A.She never expected Miss Holm would donate anythin9B.She wanted to make sure who Gladys Holm wasC.She had seldom received donations beforeD.She thought there was a mistake正确答案
18、：D参考解析：细节题。题干意为“Jan Jennings为何让律师重复一次他说的话?”从第一段末句中的“since I was certain I had misheard”可知，是因为数额巨大她不敢相信，以为自己听错了，故D为正确答案。A选项意为“她从未想到Holm女士会捐赠任何东西”，文中未提及。B选项意为“她想要确定Holm女士是谁”，院长对Holm女士很熟悉，甚至知道50年前的渊源，无需确定。C选项“她以前很少接受到捐赠”错误，只是很少接收到单笔数额这么高的捐赠。故D正确。26单选题Miss Holms love for the Childrens Hospital grew from
19、_A.a happy life living with childrenB.a satisfying job given by the hospitalC.an unforgettable experience many years agoD.a valuable gift she received from the hospital正确答案：C参考解析：归纳题。题干意为“Holm女士对儿童医院的爱起源于_”，从第二段第二句话“first touchedheart nearly 50 years agosaved the life of her friends daughter”可知，是源于5
20、0年前该医院挽救了Holm女士朋友的女儿，故C选项“很多年前一次难忘的经历”符合题意。故C正确。27单选题How will the donated money be used?A.To build up a new childrens hospitalB.To help sick children and their parentsC.To improve research on heart diseaseD.To buy more toys for sick children正确答案：C参考解析：细节题。题干意为“这笔捐赠款项将怎样使用?”。由末段首句“Holms gift will be
21、donated to heart disease research”可知，C选项符合题意。故C正确。材料题根据下面资料，回答28-30题。We feel it is important to start reading to your child fight from the startme younger the betterWith little ones(children from birth t04)it is very important to read and reread booksStarting early makes the job of the listener(for
22、you will be teaching your child how to listen) easier，as it helps to develop all early love of the wriRen and spoken wordWe believe that you should read aloud to your child at least once every daySet a special reading time during the day or evening when you Can settle down and enjoy a book，without i
23、nter-mptionFor most families，reading aloud at bedtime is a common practiceWe understand that it Can be quite discouraging to read to a child who takes no interestTake heart!Leaming to listen takes experienceThe more you read，the more your child will learn to sit for a storyChildren have a natural de
24、velopment of responses(反应)to your readingBy the time your child reaches 67 monthsshe is attracted by the book in your hand，and would like to test it out by using it as a chew(咀嚼)toyThis is natural!By one year，your child is learning to lis.ten and talk about the pages，often shouting out things she re
25、cognizesEncourage this!And at the onset(起始)of walking，you have your biggest challenge yetYour child is always on the goYou need to set your reading time for a time in the day when your child is preparing to settle downThis means bedtimeRemember，it is your right and duty to teach your child about the
26、 power of booksOf course，it doesnt happen overnight，but the returns are great !28单选题Who does“the listener”in the first paragraph refer to?A.The writerB.The childC.The parentD.The teacher正确答案：B参考解析：参考译文我们认为从一开始就读书给孩子听很重要一孩子越小，效果越好。对于小宝宝(从出生到四个月)，读书和反复读书很重要。早日开始读书可以使孩子听得更容易(你在读书时也是在教孩子怎么去听)，因为这有助于培养孩子
27、对书面文字和口头语言的早期热爱。我们认为每日至少一次对孩子大声读书很有必要。每日或每晚安顿好之后安排一段特定的阅读时间，不受干扰地阅读一本书。对于大多数家庭，晚上睡觉前大声阅读是一种常见的做法。我们理解，对着一个不感兴趣的孩子读书是一件让人沮丧的事情。但是用心点!学习听需要体验，你读的越多，你的孩子就越能学会坐下来认真听一个故事。孩子对你的阅读会自然地产生反应。当孩子六、七个月大时，他她会被你手中的书吸引，并且会把书当作是咀嚼玩具来品尝它的味道。这是天性。到一岁时，你的孩子就在学着听甚至讲书中的内容了，他们常常喊出他她认识的某些东西。请鼓励这种做法!当孩子开始走路时，你才开始最大的挑战。孩子会
28、一直跑来跑去。你需要把阅读时间安排在孩子准备安静下来的时候，即睡觉时间。切记，让孩子体会到书籍的力量是你的权利和职责。当然，这非一日之功，但回馈将是巨大的。【精析】细节题。题干意为“第一段中的the listener指谁?”这篇文章主要在讲给小孩读书的重要性以及方法。由第一段中“the listener”后面括号中的补充内容“因为你在教给你的孩子怎样去听”可知，这里的listener是指你的孩子。故B正确。29单选题The best time of the day to read stories to a child is_A.when the child is still active in
29、 the early eveningB.when the parents finish the days houseworkC.when the child has a chew toy to play withD.when the child is quiet and peaceful正确答案：D参考解析：推断题。题干意为“一天中最适合给孩子读故事的时间是 _ 。”第二段第四句话和第三段倒数第四句话均提到阅读时间，并且都用“settle down”，该词组意为“安定下来，平静下来”，对应D选项中的“quiet and peaceful”。故D正确。30单选题Parents may find
30、it most difficult to read to their child when she_A.is 6-7 months oldB.is one year oldC.starts to walkD.starts to talk正确答案：C参考解析：细节题。题干意为“当孩子_时，父母可能会发现给他们读书最难。”由第三段第十句话“you have your biggest challenge”可以确定答案在此处，由该句的前半句“at the onset of walking”可知答案。故C正确。材料题根据下面资料，回答31-35题。There are few people who dra
31、w up life goalsMost people want to take one step at a time，and are frightened when they have to set life goals (31)_They cant be more wrongLife goals arc only a road mapThey record what you want to be at the end of your life (32)_ 0thers may want to be known as great builders or great sportspeo-pleI
32、n fact，there is no end to what you may want to beHowever，the only way you can achieve your dream is by writing down your goalOnce you have done that，you need to break this goal into several small goalsWhile writing the small goals，you must provide for change (33)_ If you want to achieve your goals，y
33、ou should be prepared to change them from time to timeThis makes your goals really up-to-dateAlso，there cannot be just one life goalThere are at least five subjects that you need to ad-dressThese are：education，career(职业)，family，health and money (34)_ For example，there can be no career goals unless t
34、hey are backed by education goalsSimilarly，there Can be no family goals unless they are based on practical financial(金融的)goalsNone of these goals is taught in collegeYes，there are some families that try to train their kids to think wisely，and plan for their life (35)_They know what they want to get
35、in lifeThey are also mentally prepared for most of the difficulties they expect to meet on the wayAThese are happy familiesBGood health helps you to realize your goalsCNothing remains unchanged in this worldDMany people do not know how to set life goalsETo them，life is too big to be reduced to a few
36、 goalsFYou will find that all these goals are relatedGSome may want to be known as great scientists31单选题第(31)题选查看材料ABCDEFG正确答案：E参考解析：参考译文有着明确人生目标的人很少。大多数人只想走一步看一步，当必须要设立人生目标时，他们会感到害怕。(31)对于他们，人生范围太大，不能缩减成几个小小的目标。他们错得很离谱。人生目标只是一个道路指示图。这些目标记录下你在生命终点想要成为的样子。(32)一些人想要成为伟大的科学家被大家熟知。另外一些人可能想要成为伟大的建筑家或运动员而
37、被人们铭记。事实上，在你实现目标的道路上并没有终点。然而，要想实现梦想，唯一的方法就是写下你的目标。当写下目标时。你需要把这个目标分割成几个小目标去实现。写小目标时，你必须准备好应对变化。(33)这个世界上没有什么是保持不变的。若想实现目标，你需要准备好不停地改变它们。这样做会让你的目标与时俱进。同时，人生不可能只有一个目标。人生中要实现的至少有五个方面，分别是：教育、职业、家庭、健康和金钱。(34)你会发现所有这些目标都是相互联系的。比如，没有教育目标的支撑，就谈不上职业目标；同样，没有金钱目标做基础，也就谈不上家庭目标的实现。大学并不教授这些目标。的确，有些家庭在努力培养孩子理性思考、为生
38、活做计划的能力。(35)这些家庭是主福的。他们知道他们想从生活中得到什么。他们也已经从心理上做好准备，来迎接在追求这些目标的过程中即将遇到的困难。【精析】从第二段第一句“They cant be more wrong”可推断出，本题所对应的句子应该是接着前一句“他们面临设置人生目标时会感到恐慌”继续讲，而且这种观点会错得很离谱。E选项“对于他们，人生范围太大了，不能缩减成几个小小的目标”符合上下文。故E正确。32单选题第(32)题选查看材料ABCDEFG正确答案：G参考解析：空格前在讲生活目标的作用，空格之后却忽然提到另外一些人，显得很突兀，可见此空格处必然应该先讲“一些人”，才能有后面的“另
39、外一些人”。G选项“一些人想要成为伟大的科学家被大家熟知”符合文意。故G正确。33单选题第(33)题选查看材料ABCDEFG正确答案：C参考解析：空格前面讲到“你必须做好改变的准备”，空格后讲“若想实现目标，你应该准备好不停地改变”，由此可知，此空格对应的句子应该和“改变”有关。C选项“这个世界上没有什么是保持不变的”符合文意。故C正确。34单选题第(34)题选查看材料ABCDEFG正确答案：F参考解析：空格前提到五个方面的目标，空格后即开始举例说教育目标和职业目标，家庭目标和金钱目标的联系，可见空格处应该是在概括地讲五个方面目标的联系。F选项“你会发现所有这些目标都是相互联系的”符合文意。故
40、F正确。35单选题第(35)题选ABCDEFG正确答案：A参考解析：空格前讲一些家庭开始培养孩子的能力，空格后讲这些孩子目标明确，做好了迎接挑战的心理准备。A选项“这些家庭是幸福的”符合文章。故A正确。材料题根据下面资料，回答36-41题。I became interested in writing at an early ageSo when my fourth-grade teacher told me about a (36)_ writers conference where students my age could (37)_ published writers，I decided
41、 to goI began thinking about the writers whose stories I (38)_ Judy Blume，Beverly Cleary，Shell Silverstein and (39)_ if they would be at this conferenceWell，1 went to the conference，but l was a little (40)_None of them were thereBut the conference was well (41)_ ，and every half hour we would move on
42、 to hear a new writer speakSoon the (42)_period of the day cameA man introduced himself and gave the same little speech we had heard since that morning (43)_，he threw in a twist(转折)“ (44)_are more than just words thrown together，”he said“Words are more than just(45)_ thrown togetherYou must also (46
43、)_ the mood or the tone(语气)of your ideas”He let that idea sink in and then (47)_ us about the difference between a house and a homeWe all thought that was a (48)_ question，and made some wild guesses at it“Class，”he (49)_，“the difference between a house and a home is in the mood or the toneA house is
44、 the (50)_ the wood，the bricks，the lighting，the refrigeratorA home is the love and warmth and comfort you (51)_ as you walk through the (52)_”Ive kept that (53)_ in my memory ever since that dayWriting is more than just filling up a blank page with (54)_；its about expressing your ideas with clarity(
45、清晰)and the moodAnd thats why I (55)_ it36单选题第(36)题选A.famousB.newC.reportD.school正确答案：A参考解析：参考译文我很早就对写作产生了兴趣，所以在上四年级时当我的老师提到一个著名的作家会议，像我这么大的学生能有机会在会上看到出版作家时，我决定去看看。我开始想象那些我最喜爱的小说作家们朱迪布鲁姆，贝弗利克利里和希尔弗斯坦，并且猜想他们是否会出席会议。我去了会议，却有点失望。因为我喜爱的作家一个都没来。但此次会议组织得很好，每半个小时我们就会听一位新作家的演讲。很快就到了当天会议的尾声。一位男士介绍了他自己，做了我们从早上
46、就开始听的类似演讲，然后忽然来了一个转折。“小说不仅仅是词汇的堆积，”他说，“词汇也不仅仅是字母的累积。你还须注意你想要表达的思想所附带的情绪和语气。”他让大家都领会了他的观点，而后对大家提出一个问题：房子和家有何区别?我们都认为这是一个很难回答的问题，从而对它作出一些大胆的猜测。“同学们，”他解释到，“房子和家的区别在于情绪和语气，房子是建筑物，是木头、砖块和冰箱；而家是爱和温暖，是你走进房子时所感受到的舒适。”那天之后，我就记住了这种说法。写作不仅仅是用文字把空白的纸填满：更是用清晰条理的语言和情绪来表达你的思想。这就是我喜欢写作的原因。【精析】本题考查的是形容词词义辨析。此空格是对writers conference进行修饰或限定，通读理解第一段，段末作者提到一些有名的作家，并且在想他们是否会出席会议，可知这应是一个有名气的作家会议。故A正确。37单选题第(37)题选A.becomeB.recogllizeC.meetD.follow正确答案：C参考解析：本题考查动词词义辨析。本句含义是“在会上我这么大的学生有机会_出版作家”。A选项“成为”；B选项“认出，识别”；C选项“见到”；D“跟随”。综合比较，应选择C，表示“有机会看到出版作家”符合题意。故C正确。38单选题第(38)题选A.wroteB.lovedC.believedD.changed