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1、Section Grammar一二一、阅读“Great European Cities”,根据汉语提示,用动词的适当形式填空1.最受游客欢迎的旅游景点是埃菲尔铁塔,它是巴黎著名的象征。The most popular place for tourists(be)the Eiffel Tower,the famous symbol of Paris.2.法国大约三分之二的艺术家和作家都住在巴黎。About two-thirds of Frances artists and writers(live)in Paris.3.巴塞罗那最著名的标志性建筑之一就是圣家大教堂,这座教堂是由建筑师安东尼奥高迪
2、设计的。One of Barcelonas most famous landmarks is the Church of the Sagrada Familia,which(design)by an architect called Antonio Gaudi.is livewas designed一二4.佛罗伦萨最漂亮的绘画和雕塑中有许多都是由像列奥纳多达芬奇和米开朗琪罗这样伟大的艺术家创作的。Many of Florences most beautiful paintings and sculptures(produce)by great artists such as Leonardo
3、da Vinci and Michelangelo.5.每年都有约一百万游客来佛罗伦萨参观这儿的美术馆、教堂和博物馆。Florence(visit)each year by about a million tourists who come to see the art galleries,churches and museums.6.雅典是希腊的首都,作为西方文明的发源地而闻名于世。Athens,the capital of Greece,(know)as the birthplace of western civilisation.were producedis visitedis kno
4、wn一二二、单句语法填空1.Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement(reach)so far by the two sides.2.Neither you nor I,nor anyone else(know)the answer.3.The basketball coach as well as his team(be)interviewed shortly after the match yesterday.4.Many a student(have)made the same mistake.5.He is one of the
5、 students who(praise)at the meeting held last week.has been reached knowswashaswere praisedGrammar被动语态和主谓一致考点一一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态(1)被动语态的概念英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。The people make history.这个句子中谓语make的动作是由主语The people来执行的。History is made by the peo
6、ple.这个句子中History是动词make的承受者。(2)在如下情况下多用被动语态不知动作的执行者;无须知道动作的执行者;强调动作的承受者。语法填空Printing(introduce)into Europe from China.印刷术是由中国传入欧洲的。Did you enjoy the party?Yes.We(treat)well by our hosts.你在聚会上玩得开心吗?是的,我们得到了主人很好的款待。答案:was introducedwere treated(3)主动语态变为被动语态时的注意事项若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式,变为被动语态时,该不定式前要加“to”,此类
7、动词为感官动词(feel,hear,listen to,look at,observe,see,notice及watch)或使役动词(make/have/let)。若主动语态谓语动词中含情态动词,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成被动语态。谓语为动词短语的主动语态变为被动语态时,要保留后面的介词或副词。接双宾语的动词变为被动语态时,通常将间接宾语改为主语;当用直接宾语(物)作主语时,动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定的。把下列句子变成被动语态We saw him break into the office.He was seen into the office.We cant la
8、ugh at him.He cant at by us.They take good care of children in this kindergarten.Children in this kindergarten good care of by them.We agree that the human eyes can tell 10 million different colours.It that the human eyes can tell 10 million different colours.He gave his mother a present for her bir
9、thday.His mother a present by him for her birthday.I offered him a house for 1,000 pounds.A house to him by me for 1,000 pounds.答案:to breakbe laughedare takenis agreedwas givenwas offered(4)常用主动形式表示被动的几种情况表示开始、结束和开关意义的一类动词,如start,begin,end,stop,finish,open,close等。表示主语状态和特征的系动词后接形容词作表语时,用主动形式表示被动。如lo
10、ok,smell,sound,taste,feel等。表示主语状态和特征的某些动词后接副词作程度状语时,用主动形式表示被动。常见的此类动词有read,write,lock,sell,keep,clean,wash,wear,drive,operate等。在need,require,want,worth(形容词),deserve后接动词-ing形式时,用主动形式表示被动。由blame,let(出租)等构成不定式作表语时,用主动形式表示被动。不定式跟在形容词difficult,hard,fit,easy,impossible,dangerous等后作状语时,用主动形式表示被动。语法填空The su
11、permarket(open)early in the morning and(close)late in the evening.This news(sound)encouraging,but we are not encouraged.This kind of cloth(wash)easily.This book is well worth(read).The father was(blame)for the spoiled boy.The air here is fresh(breathe).答案:opens;closessoundswashesreadingto blameto br
12、eathe考点二主谓一致(1)当主语由and连接时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如果它表示多个概念,谓语动词用复数形式。语法填空A teacher and a writer(be)present at the meeting.一位教师和一位作家出席了这次会议。答案:were(2)the rest of/half of修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词数的形式与名词的人称和数保持一致。语法填空The rest of the boys(start)to sing and jump happily and noisily.剩下的男孩开始高兴地、喧闹地又唱又跳起来。答案:were start
13、ing(3)集合名词(enemy/army/class/team/family/couple/police等)被视为一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;强调若干个体时,谓语动词用复数形式。语法填空The young couple always(quarrel)with each other about money.这对年轻夫妇总是为钱而吵架。答案:are;quarrelling(4)表示金钱、时间、价格或度量衡的复数名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数形式。语法填空Ten dollars(be)too cheap for this pair of boots.这双靴子10美元太
14、便宜了。答案:is(5)当主语后面跟有with,together with,like,except,but,no less than,as well as,like,rather than等词连接的短语时,谓语动词数的形式与前面的主语的数一致。语法填空Our school,together with many schools,(be)built in the 1950s.我们学校和许多学校一样,建于20世纪50年代。答案:was(6)在一些短语如 many a 或 more than one等所修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式;但由more than.of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词
15、或代词保持一致。语法填空More than one student punished just because of breaking the school rules last week.上周不止一个学生因为违反学校规定而受到惩罚。More than 60 percent of the workers(be)from the countryside.百分之六十以上的工人都来自农村。答案:wasare(7)every.and every.,each.and each.,many a.and many a.,no.and no.等修饰单数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。语法填空Each boy and
16、 each girl(wish)to attend the party.每个男孩和女孩都希望参加这个聚会。答案:wishes(8)由两部分构成的物体,如trousers,shoes,pants,shorts,glasses等,这样的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但如果这类名词前由a pair of/pairs of修饰,谓语动词数的形式取决于pair的单复数形式。语法填空This pair of trousers(be)too long for you.这条裤子对你来说太长了。答案:is(9)分数和百分数修饰可数名词或不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词数的形式取决于名词的单复数。语法填空Fort
17、y percent of the students in our school(be)girls.我们学校百分之四十的学生是女生。答案:are(10)由kind,form,type,sort,species,series,amount等修饰名词作主语时,其谓语动词数的形式通常取决于这些词的单复数。语法填空All kinds of difficulties(have)to be overcome.必须克服各种各样的困难。答案:have(11)“a+单数名词+or two”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“one or two+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。语法填空A student or
18、 two or three(allow)here,and one or two reasons(suggest)last Friday.上周五允许一两名、两三名学生在这里,并且提出了一两条理由。答案:was allowed;were suggested(12)there be句型的主语有两个以上时,谓语动词与邻近的主语一致。语法填空There(be)an old pine tree and three willow trees in front of the house.房子前面有一棵老松树和三棵柳树。答案:is(13)当either.or.,not only.but also.,neithe
19、r.nor.或not.but.连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子由here,there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。语法填空(have)either you or he been to the library?你或者他去过图书馆吗?答案:Have(14)what引导的主语从句,谓语动词多用单数形式;但当从句中含有附属意义的并列结构或表语是复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。语法填空What we need(be)effective measures to solve the problem.我们所需要的是解决这个问题的有效措施。答案:are(15)“
20、one of+复数名词+who/which/that”型定语从句,先行词为复数名词,从句的谓语动词用复数形式;“the only(very/right)one of+复数名词+who/which/that”型定语从句,先行词为one,从句的谓语动词用单数形式。语法填空This is one of the rooms that(be)damaged in the fire.这就是那次大火烧毁的房间之一。答案:were(16)强调句强调主语时,that/who后谓语动词与句子的主语一致。语法填空It is you,rather than he,that(be)responsible for the accident.是你而不是他应对事故负责。答案:are(17)先行词为人称代词,定语从句中关系代词作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词与句子的主语一致。语法填空I,who(be)your friend,will try my best to help you with your study.作为你的朋友,我会尽全力帮助你好好学习。答案:am(18)倒装句中,谓语动词与句子的主语一致。语法填空On each side of the street(stand)tall buildings.街道的两侧高楼林立。答案:stand