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1、Section Grammar一二三四一、阅读下列句子,完成题后练习1.By the time it ended,more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured.2.By the late 1890s,he had moved to Galveston.3.He said he had been to Beijing twice.4.Coghlan travelled back to Canada after he had been buried in Texas!以上四个句子都使用了(时态)。其中,第一句和第四句
2、为语态,句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者,即有关系;第二句和第三句为语态,句子的主语是谓语动词动作的发出者,即有关系。过去完成时 被动 动宾 主动 主谓 一二三四二、根据给出的直接引语,完成下列句子1.Ive seen that film.He said that seen that film.2.Ill do it after class.He said that he do it after class.3.Do you enjoy reading?He asked me reading.4.When did you get up this morning?He asked me I up
3、 morning.he hadwould if/whether I enjoye when had got that 一二三四三、单句语法填空1.Reports said that at least six people (kill).2.We reminded them that the meeting (put) off already.3.By the time I arrived,the work (complete).4.By the time he was eight,he (teach) to play the piano.5.He (mean) to take a good h
4、oliday this year,but he wasnt able to get away.had been killed had been put had been completedhad been taught had meant一二三四had been published had been stolen had visited had been lost 四、完成句子1.He said that his novel (已经出版了).2.The police found my handbag and,happily,nothing (被偷走).3.The boy told his te
5、acher that they (参观了) the exhibition the day before.4.By the end of last year,they (complete) the project.12She returned home and found all her furniture had been ruined by the flood.(教材Page 24)她回到家,发现她所有的家具都被洪水毁了。考点ruin vt.毁坏Her bright future was ruined by the accident.这次事故毁了她美好的未来。考点延伸阅读下列句子,体会黑体词
6、的词性及含义His carelessness led to his ruin.他的粗心导致了他的毁灭。词性 名词含义 毁灭We visited the ruins of Rome.我们参观了古罗马的遗迹。词性 名词含义 废墟;遗迹12A storm ruined the whole town and we could see nothing but ruins there.暴风雨毁了整个城镇,我们除了一片废墟什么也看不到了。1212Grammar考点一过去完成时的被动语态They soon realised they had been cheated.他们很快便意识到他们被骗了。考点延伸(1)
7、阅读下列句子,体会过去完成时的用法When I got to the cinema,the film had been on for ten minutes.当我到电影院时,电影已开始10分钟了。We had learnt fifteen lessons by last week.到上周为止,我们已经学了15课。He had stayed here for two days before he left.他在这里待了两天后离开了。12We had hardly started when it began to rain.=We had no sooner started than it beg
8、an to rain.我们刚出发,就开始下雨。I had hoped to see you.我本希望来看你。12归纳 过去完成时表示动作或状态在过去某个时间或动作之前发生,即“过去的过去”。“by+过去时间点”常与过去完成时连用。当句中有before或after引导时间状语从句时,如果后发生的动作用一般过去时,则先发生的动作可用过去完成时,也可用一般过去时。常用句型“hardly.when.”或“no sooner.than.”意为“刚就”,主句中用过去完成时,when/than从句中用一般过去时。表示计划、打算或希望的动词,如expect,hope,mean,suppose,think,wa
9、nt,plan,intend等的过去完成时表示过去未实现的计划、打算等。12(2)阅读下列句子,体会被动语态的各种时态和构成形式Visitors are not allowed to touch the exhibits.禁止参观者触摸展品。时态 一般现在时形式 am/is/are+过去分词All the preparations for the task have been made.那项任务的所有准备工作已经完成。时态 现在完成时形式 have/has been+过去分词 A new cinema is being built here.这里正在建造一个新影院。时态 现在进行时形式 am/
10、is/are+being+过去分词I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.我被给予10分钟来决定是否接受提议。时态 一般过去时形式 was/were+过去分词12By the end of last year,another new stadium had been built in Beijing.到去年年底,北京已经建成了另一座新的体育馆。时态 过去完成时形式 had been+过去分词 A meeting was being held when I arrived there.我到那里时,那里
11、正在开会。时态 过去进行时形式 was/were+being+过去分词Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the steel works closes.如果钢厂关门,将失去数百工作岗位。时态 一般将来时形式 will be+过去分词 1212考点二间接引语She said,“I have lost a pen.”She said she had lost a pen.她说她丢了一支钢笔。考点延伸(1)阅读下列句子,体会时态的变化The girl said,“I am very happy now.”The girl said that she was very h
12、appy then.时态变化 一般现在时变成一般过去时Tom said,“We are listening to the pop music.”Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.时态变化 现在进行时变成过去进行时12Mother asked,“Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?”Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.时态变化 现在完成时变成过去完成时“Wh
13、y did she refuse to come here?” the teacher asked.The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.时态变化 一般过去时变成过去完成时He said,“I will go and get it.”He said that he would go and get it.时态变化 一般将来时变成过去将来时12Mother asked me,“Had you made a decision before you returned home?”Mother asked me whether I had
14、made a decision before I returned home.时态变化 过去完成时时态不变Tom said,“We were having a football match this time yesterday.”Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before.时态变化 过去进行时时态不变He said,“I went to college in 1994.”He told us that he went to college in 1994.时态变化 当直接引语部分带有具体的过
15、去时间状语时,一般过去时不变12Our teacher said to us,“Light travels faster than sound.”Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.时态变化 当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象或格言、谚语时,时态不变(2)阅读下列句子,体会代词的变化She said,“My brother wants to go with me.”She said her brother wanted to go with her.“You should be more careful next tim
16、e,” my father told me.My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.She said to her son,“Ill check your homework tonight.”She told her son that she would check his homework that night.He said,“These books are mine.”He said those books were his.12(3)阅读下列句子,体会黑体词或词组的变化She said,“I wont
17、come here any more.”She said that she wouldnt go there any more.He said,“Im out now.”He said that he was out then.He said,“I want to leave today.”He said that he wanted to leave that day.He said,“She left yesterday.”He said that she had left the day before.She said,“Ill tell you tomorrow.”She said t
18、hat she would tell me the next day.12(4)阅读下列句子,体会句式的变化He said,“You are younger than I.”He said (that) I was younger than him.She said,“Do you often come here to read newspapers?”She asked me if/whether I often went there to read newspapers.I asked him,“Will you stay at home or go to the cinema tonight?”I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to the cinema that night.He asked,“Where do you live?”He asked me where I lived.The teacher said to the boy,“Open the window.”The teacher told the boy to open the window.121.直接引语变间接引语时,主句是一般过去时态,从句时态的变化规律2.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化 1212