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1、Section Grammar一二三一、阅读下列课文中的句子,指出不定式所作的成分1.They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun,and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.成分: 2.To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience.成分: 3.The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly becau
2、se the thick dust makes it difficult to see.成分: 4.When a sandstorm arrives in the city,weather experts advise people not to go out.成分: 状语 主语 宾语 宾语补足语 一二三5.Its difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill.成分: 6.To prevent it coming nearer,the government is planting trees.成分: 7.There is nothing to d
3、o.成分: 主语 状语 定语 一二三二、单句语法填空1.He is said (finish) his work already.2.She has many letters (type).3.She pretended (write)a letter when I came in.4.I was angry (hear) what he had said.5.When a close friend dies,we cant help but (feel) sad.to play to type to be writing to hear feel 一二三三、完成句子1.天气似乎正在好转。Th
4、e weather seems now.2.没有什么可看的。There is nothing .3.我不知道该乘哪路车。I dont know .4.他被认为偷了钱。He was considered the money.to be improving to see which bus to take to have stolen 12I cant help but feel very concerned.(教材Page 36)我感到非常担忧。考点concerned adj.关心的;担心的She is concerned about your safety.她担心你的安全。考点延伸(1)阅读下
5、列句子,体会黑体词的词性及含义That is a report that concerns air pollution.那是一个关于空气污染的报告。词性 动词含义 牵涉;涉及What are your main concerns as a writer?作为一名作家,你主要关注的是哪些问题?词性 名词含义 重要的事情12He asked several questions concerning the future of the company.他问了几个有关公司前途的问题。词性 介词含义 关于;涉及(2)阅读下列句子,体会concern的相关短语及含义As far as Im concern
6、ed,you can do what you like.就我而言,你喜欢做什么就可以做什么。短语 as far as.is/am/are concerned含义 就而言We are all concerned for/about her health.我们大家都担心着她的健康。短语 be concerned for/about含义 担心 12Its said that youre concerned with this matter.据说你与此事有关。短语 be concerned with含义 与有关 A teacher must show concern for every student
7、.教师要关心每一个学生。短语 show concern for sb.含义 表示对某人关心 The meeting was concerned with air pollution and everyone present was concerned about their own interests.As far as were concerned,some measures should be taken to prevent air pollution.这次会议与空气污染有关,到场的每个人都关心自身的利益。在我们看来,应该采取一些措施来阻止空气污染。12as far as.is/am/a
8、re concerned 就而言be concerned for/about 担心be concerned with 与有关show concern for sb.表示对某人关心1212Grammar不定式的用法动词不定式在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语等。不定式的形式有一般式、进行式和完成式。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式通常用被动形式。动词不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与谓语表示的动作或状态同时或几乎同时发生,或在它之后发生。构成:主动式:to do被动式:to be doneShe invited me to attend the meeting.她邀
9、请我参加会议。Nothing is allowed to be taken out of the reading room.不允许将任何东西拿出阅览室。12动词不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。构成:to be doingWhen you called me last night,I happened to be doing my homework.昨天晚上你给我打电话时,我恰好正在做作业。动词不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生。构成:主动式:to have+动词过去分词被动式:to have been+动词过去分词I consider it a p
10、ity for you not to have seen the film last night.我认为昨晚你没看那部影片真是件遗憾的事。The room was said to have been cleaned.据说那个房间已经被打扫过了。12考点一不定式作主语To protect the environment is every citizens duty.保护环境是每个公民的责任。考点延伸(1)不定式直接作主语。语法填空,并翻译 (master) English gives us much help in the study of science.翻译 答案:To master;掌握英
11、语能在科学研究中给予我们很大的帮助。(2)it作形式主语,不定式作真正的主语。语法填空,并翻译Its polite (wait) in line.翻译 答案:to wait;排队等候是有礼貌的。12(3)it作形式主语,不定式的复合结构作真正的主语。完成句子他不可能放弃这个计划。It is impossible him to give up the plan.你帮助我,真是好心。It is kind you to help me.答案:forof(4)用于It takes/took sb.to do sth.句型It took them half the night to get home i
12、n the snow.在大雪中,他们用了半个晚上的时间才到家。12考点二不定式作宾语I hope to hear from you.我希望能收到你的信。考点延伸下列动词常跟不定式作宾语:afford,refuse,learn,offer,fail,plan,agree,decide,demand,manage,arrange,determine等。考点三不定式作宾语补足语I warn you not to go out alone at night.我警告你晚上不要独自外出。12考点延伸(1)有些动词如 advise,allow,ask,cause,expect,consider,get,co
13、mmand,drive,enable,encourage,forbid,force,invite,warn,wish,would like/love,order,permit,persuade,tell,urge等,可以接复合宾语,构成“动词+sb.+to do sth.”的形式。语法填空我想让你帮我做英语练习。I would like you (help) me with my English exercises.答案:to help12(2)表示五看(look at;see;watch;notice;observe)、三使(make;let;have)、两听(listen to;hear)
14、、一感觉(feel)等动词的宾语补足语省略不定式符号to。温馨提示:当以上如make sb.do sth.等形式变成被动语态时,原来的宾语补足语变成主语补足语,应加上不定式符号to。语法填空你注意到有人进了那所房子了吗?Did you notice anyone (enter) the house?我们让他整天整夜地工作。We made him (work) all day and all night.人们看见她跑进教室。She was seen (run) into the classroom.答案:enterworkto run12考点四不定式作状语We were pleased to h
15、ear the news.(表示原因)我们听到这个消息感到很高兴。She explained the word again with some examples to make herself understood.(表示目的)她又用了一些例子解释了这个单词,以使别人明白她的讲解。Jane hurried back home only to find her key lost.(表示结果)简匆匆忙忙地赶回家,结果发现她的钥匙不见了。考点五不定式作定语We students should have the courage to face any difficulty.我们学生应该有勇气面对任何困
16、难。12考点延伸(1)被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。翻译句子I have much work to do.翻译 答案:我有许多工作要做。(2)被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语。翻译句子She was the last one to leave the classroom last night.翻译 答案:她是昨晚最后一个离开教室的。12(3)修饰ability,chance,way,right,need,hope,plan,decision,wish,reason等中心词的不定式与其构成同位关系。翻译句子Mans ability to reason makes him differen
17、t from the animal.翻译 答案:人类的思考能力使其不同于动12(4)被序数词、形容词最高级或被only,last,next等词修饰的名词后可以用不定式作定语。翻译句子It is the most interesting book to read.翻译 答案:这是可读的最有趣的书。He is always the first person to come and the last one to leave.翻译 答案:他总是第一个来最后一个离开。12考点六不定式作表语Our plan is to set up another middle school for the farme
18、rs children.我们的计划是给农民的孩子们再建一所中学。My job is to drive them to the power station every day.我的工作是每天开车送他们去发电站。To see is to believe.眼见为实。What I want to say is to be happy.我要说的是要高高兴兴的。考点延伸当主语是aim,duty,hope,idea,mistake,plan,purpose为中心的名词词组时,用不定式说明主语的内容。12考点七but+不定式I had nothing to do but watch TV for entert
19、ainment last night.昨天晚上我除了看电视娱乐外无事可做。考点延伸(1)不定式在but,except,beside,other than后面时,如果这些词或短语之前有行为动词do的某种形式,(而非助动词)那么这些词或短语后的不定式可以不带to,否则带to。语法填空工人们只是喝茶聊天。The workers do nothing but (drink) tea and (talk) to each other.他别无选择,只能接受事实。He had no choice but (accept) the fact.答案:drink;talkto accept12(2)cant but,cant choose but,cant help but之后常跟不带to的动词不定式,常译为“不得不,只好”。语法填空我不得不告诉她整件事情。I cant but (tell) her the whole thing.他只好做那件事了。He cant choose but (do) it.听了他的故事,我们忍不住大笑起来。We couldnt help but (laugh) when we heard his story.答案:telldolaugh12