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1、押全国卷(乙卷)第6170题语法填空命题探究命题特点以说明文和记叙文为主,有提示词一般为67个,主要考套实词(名词、 动词、形容词、副词)的派生法和基本用法:无提示词一般为34个,主要考 查虚词(介词、冠词、连词、代词);考点分布均匀,除了强调句型、倒装句、 省略句、情态动词和虚拟语气之外,其他基础和重点语法工程均有考查,基本上 每个空考查一个语法工程,但动词、名词等用法较多,可能从不同角度进行考查。命题规律从句子结构和语法形式入手,考查句子常识和基础语法:语篇中的句子结 构和常见的语法形式是命题重点;从词汇的本义、转义和前后缀的变化入手考查 构词法,考查对象以实词中的动词、名词、形容词和副词
2、为主。1 .语法填空题型以语篇为载体,在了解文章大意的基础上,考查学生的句 法知识、词法知识以及语篇理解能力。2 .句法知识的考查包括谓语动词的时态和语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词、 并列句、定语从句、时间状语从句、名词性从句等。词法知识的考查主要涉及实 词的词形变化:如名词的单复数;形容词、副词的比较级、最高级等。语篇理解 能力的考查包括文中人称代词的一致;并列连词的恰当运用等。3 .文章长约20()个词,设空10个。设空密度科学合理,基本不影响学生对 文章大意的理解。设空类型分为两类:一类有提示词(提示词一般为实词,在10 个空中约占67个);一类无提示词(此类空格处考查的多为虚词,在10个空
3、中 约占34个)。2021年高考真题(全国卷)语法填空知识点统计参考答案典例答案:was built命题专家授策略技法11 .答案:was2 .答案:pointed3 .答案:meant4 . 答案:had experienced技法21 .答案:was built2 .答案:sells技法31 .答案:is2 .答案:works3 . 答案: were trapped考点2考查非谓语动词非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的重要局部,是语法填空的必考工程。非谓语 动词包括动词不定式、分词(现在分词、过去分词)、动名词,在句子中可以作除 谓语以外的其他成分。非谓语动词常考点主要为:动词不定式的功能、现在
4、分词 和过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态、省略等。该项内容考查考生 在具体语言环境中理解句子结构、分析句子成分的能力。如何判断非谓语动词解题攻略第一步:确定是否作非谓语首先,分析句子结构,所给提示词是动词时.,假设句中已有谓语动词,又不 是作并列谓语动词时,那么要考虑填非谓语动词。第二步:确定作何种非谓语形式根据所作句子成分,考虑非谓语动词的形式:conventional high-speed rail, “ said Sun Zhang, 6. is a leading railway specialist. But the research team 7.(lead) by hi
5、m, tried their best to leam advanced technologies from foreign countries and eventually developed our own innovations, greatly 8.(transform) our way of life.There is no denying that all of these achievements make our travel convenient and 9.(rely), especially during “Chunyun“, 10.annual test on the
6、Chinas transportation system. Thanks to “China speed, people can go back home for reunions with families and friends in time.Test 102021 南京市、盐城市高三二模Chinese weddings are as much about the happy couples as they are about their respective families. The weddings are 1.(impress) affairs that focus on ble
7、ssings of happiness. The date of the wedding ceremony is chosen not 2. chance. Many couples carefully choose a favorable date 3.(bring) success to their marriage. The ceremony can last anywhere from four hours to three days, 4.depends on how many Chinese wedding traditions arc observed.The Chinese w
8、edding invitation is 5. (typical) red with a golden Double Happiness symbol, dates for the wedding and names of the bride and bridegroom 6.(include) inside.While Chinese wedding traditions have modernized and no longer involve a large procession, the journey to pick up the bride 7.(be) still a livel
9、y affair. It can involve 8.use of firecrackers, playings of drums and gongs, or even a lion dance.Another vital tradition, the Chinese tea ceremony (Jing Cha), 9.(perform) at Chinese weddings to show the new couples respect, gratitude, and 1().(appreciate) for their parents love, support, and effort
10、 in raising them. A red tea set with a Double Happiness symbol is used for the tea ceremony.Test 112021 淄博市高三一模Chinas Taijiquan, also known as Tai Chia major part of the opening ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and represented by millions of practicers worldwide1. (add) to UNESCOs Represen
11、tative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in December, 2020.UNESCO described it 2.a traditional physical practice characterized by relaxed and circular movements. Taijiquan, 3. originated during the mid-17th century in Wenxian county in Jiaozuo, Henan Province, is practised through
12、out the country by people of all ages and ethnic groups. 4.(influence) by Taoist and Confucian thought and theories of Chinese medicine, 5. practice has developed into several schools or styles named after a clan (家族)or a masters personal surname, such as Chen style or Yang style. They arc passed do
13、wn through clan-based form or the master-apprentice (师徒)model, 6. built upon the yin and yang cycle and the cultural understanding of the unity of heaven and humanity.The successful bid is of great 7. (significant) to the promotion of wushu, and 8.(especial) Taijiquan, globally. We should work more
14、closely with scientific institution 9.(show) the connection between Taijiquan and 10.(people) physical and psychological health.Test 122021 烟台市高考诊断性测试Busy Colombians living in a city can be pressured. But there is a place for people to relieve stress in Bogota. 1.(sit) at the top of Monserrate Hill,
15、 east of the city, the place is a protected park for hummingbirds. The area contains a forest that has turned into a peaceful and 2.(harmony) world for both people and birds.With the hummingbirds flying from flower to flower, some people study them through binoculars (双筒镜)and 3.(other) take pictures
16、 with cameras or phones.“Sometimes it doesnt seem real because we are close to a city of eight million residents 4.generate noise every day, “ says Camilo Cantor, a caretaker in the park, whose job is to mix water and sugar and put it in bird feeders along a 300-meter path. tkThc park is 5.(true) a
17、special place, like an oasis (绿洲).It is a place where people can go 6.(ease) stress, forget about troubles and get7.break from busy city life, “ he added.Ten years ago, the hill 8. (destroy), mercilessly and completely, meaning there were no trees left on it. But workers began to replant local trees
18、 and flowers to bring the forest back 9.life. Presently, visitors to the park can see over 100 species of birds there.Hummingbirds can 10.(find) only on the American continent and Colombia is home to many different kinds.Test 132021 东北三校二模In China, food deliverymen are always in 1.rush between traff
19、ic regardless of wind or rain. 2. they make our life more convenient, this can come at a cost to them. On food delivery service platforms, the time limit is calculated by an algorithm (算法).But it doesnt consider real-life 3.(situation), such as red lights and speed limits. For deliverymen, delay mea
20、ns a decrease in pay. So they speed up and often break traffic rules, 4.(put) not only their own lives at risk, but also the lives of others. Many people scolded the platforms and asked them to improve the regulations on delivery. 5.response, Eleme announced that it would add a button to the app, 6.
21、 allows customers to extend the time limit. But this created more 7.(heat) debate, as some felt the company was distracting attention. The Shanghai Consumer Council commented that the move was not reasonable, adding that the problems should 8. (settle) between the companies and their employees. Also
22、, even with the ability 9.(allow) more time for delivery, some users felt this would not 10.(full) address the problems.Test 142021石家庄市质量检测一The locals jokingly call Munich uthe village of a million people”. Although it is Germanys third 1.(large) city, Munich is sleepy and quiet for most of the year
23、. However, when it comes to Oktoberfest, it becomes the setting for a giant party, 2.(attract) visitors from all over the world.Lasting 16-18 days and ending 3. the first Sunday in October,Oktoberfest started in 1810 as part of a festival to celebrate the 4.(marry) of Prince Ludwig. Though the dance
24、s and horse races were not repeated, locals liked the beer and food so much that they turned this festival into 5.tradition.During the festival, people gather in the beer hall or huge tents 6.(sample) beer from every part of Germany. Over six million litres of beer 7.(drink) 一 enough to fill up 16 s
25、wimming pools! Dont forget to try some 8.(taste) white sausages, potato soup, or whole roasted chicken when you are enjoying your drink.While you arc there, check out some of Munichs 9. (sight). Marienplatz is the citys main square. It dates from 1158 and is 10.you will find the citys most beautiful
26、 buildings. And be sure to visit Munichs parks, which are some of Europes best.Test 7【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国丝绸的起源,适用范围及其产量,并着重介绍了蚕丝的生产过程及旗袍的相关信息。1 .答案与解析:annually考查词性转换。此处表示在中国每年大约生产 150 000 000吨的丝绸。此处应用副词作状语修饰谓语动词“is produced”。故填 annually o2 .答案与解析:for考查介词。固定短语account for意为(比例)占故填for。3 .答案与解析:whic
27、h考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非 限制性定语从句,先行词是“Silk garments,指物,且关系词在从句中作主语, 应用which引导该从句。故填whicho4 .答案与解析:were considered考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处 表示丝绸的生产方法被视为是一个严格保守的秘密。分析句子结构可知,主语 “The methods of silk production”为复数,谓语动词应用复数形式,且主语“The methods of silk production”与动词consider之间构成被动关系,应用被动语态;根 据从句中的谓语动词“could be thre
28、atened和revealed”可知,此处应用一般过去时。 故填 were consideredo5 .答案与解析:products考查名词的单复数。one of+可数名词复数,意 为“之一故填 productso6 .答案与解析:faster考查副词的比较等级。此处表示蚕卵孵化之后桑蚕 体重增长的速度比之前更快了。根据下文中的“than”可知,此处应用fast的比较 级形式。故填faster7 .答案与解析:themselves考查代词。此处表示在桑蚕储存足够的能量之 后,它们会用一种白色胶状物质的纤维包裹自己。此处应用they的反身代词作 动词“surround”的宾语。故填 themse
29、lveso8 .答案与解析:a考查冠词。此处泛指“一种独特的丝绸纪念品”,且“unique” 是读音以辅音音素开头的单词,应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。9 .答案与解析:I。wear考查非谓语动词。此处表示丝绸穿起来很舒服, and连接两个并列结构,此处应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to wear。10 .答案与解析:featuring考查非谓语动词。此处表示旗袍非常适合中国 女性的身材,并且它是中国的连衣裙,以高领,修身,一侧或两侧有牙口的直筒 裙为特色。分析句子结构可知,被修饰词dress”与动词feature之间为主动关系, 应用现在分词形式作状语。故填featuring。Test 8【文
30、章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了中国喜剧电影你好,李焕 英的票房、情节、演员贾玲的体会以及观众的反响。1 .答案与解析:its考查代词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用形容词性物 主代词修饰名词短语“12th screening day”,表示“它放映的第十二天”。故填its。2 .答案与解析:hitting考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用 动名词形式作主语。故填hitting。3 .答案与解析:highest考查形容词的比较等级。此处表示成为史上票房 第四高的电影,应用形容词的最高级。故填highest。4 .答案与解析:screened考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用过
31、去分词作定语,修饰前面的名词短语“all films。故填screened。5 .答案与解析:an考查冠词。此处泛指“一项观众的满意度调查“,且 audience-satisfaction是读音以元音音素开头的单词,应用不定冠词an修饰。故 填an。6 .答案与解析:finds考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知, 此处为本句的谓语动词。此处陈述的是客观事实,时态应用一般现在时,且主语 “Jia Ling”是第三人称单数,谓语动词应用三单形式。故填finds。7 .答案与解析:when考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限 制性定语从句,先行词是“1981”,从句缺少时间状语,应用
32、when引导该从句。 故填when o8 .答案与解析:tragically考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,此处应用 副词修饰动词短语“passed away”。故填tragically o9 .答案与解析:viewers考查词性转换和名词的单复数。此处表示观众, 应用名词形式,且空格前有“many”修饰,应用名词的复数形式viewerso故填 viewers010 .答案与解析:with考查介词。此处表示这也在网上引发了关于母女感 情话题的讨论,人们纷纷提供了自己母亲小时候的老照片。分析句子结构可知, 此处应用with的复合结构作伴随状语。故填WithoTest 9【文章大意】 本文是一篇说
33、明文,主要介绍了中国高铁的开展及其作用。11 答案与解析:had busied/has been busying 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。 分析句子结构可知,空格处作句子的谓语;再结合时间状语“over the past ten years” 可知,中国铁路公司在过去的十年里铺设了超过25 000千米的高速轨道。这可 以理解为过去已经完成的事;也可以理解为迄今为止的十年里,并且可能会“持 续”下去,因此时态应用过去完成时或现在完成进行时;且主语“the China Railway Corporation”是可数名词单数,谓语动词也应用单数形式。故填had busied/has been bu
34、syingo12 答案与解析:thirds考查数词。此处指占世界高速铁路线总长度的三分 之二。表示分数时,分子用基数词,分母应用序数词;当分子大于一时,分母应 用序数词的复数形式。故填thirds。13 答案与解析:impacis考查名词的单复数。分析句子结构可知,此处应 用名词作主语,且impact为可数名词,再结合后面的谓语动词“g。”可知,此处 应用名词的复数形式。故填impacts。14 答案与解析:To boost考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用 动词不定式表示目的,表示为了促进区域一体化和经济增长。故填To boost。注 意首字母大写。15 答窠与解析:at/with考
35、查介词。此处表示以600千米每小时的速度, 应用介词at或witho故填at/with o16 答案与解析:who考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非 限制性定语从句,先行词是“Sun Zhang”,指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,应 用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。17 答案与解析:led考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并根据“by”可知,此 处应用过去分词作后置定语,修饰名词词组“the research team”。故填led。18 答案与解析:transforming考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处 应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填transformingo19 答案与解析
36、:reliable考查词性转换。根据“and”可知,空格处与上文中 的“convenient”构成并列关系,前后词性应保持一致,应用形容词形式。故填 reliable o20 .答案与解析:an考查冠词。此处泛指“中国交通系统的一次年度测试”; 且“annual”是读音以元音音素开头的单词,应用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。Test 10【文章大意】本文介绍了中国的婚礼习俗的相关内容,包括婚期、请柬、仪式和敬茶等方面。1 .答案与解析:impressive考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知,此处应用 形容词修饰名词affairs,意为“让人印象深刻的事情”,故填impressive。2 .答案与解析
37、:by考查介词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用固定短语by chance,在句子中作状语,意为“婚礼日期的选择不是偶然的”。3 .答案与解析:to bring考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知,此处应用 动词不定式短语作目的状语,表示许多夫妻仔细斟酌选择婚期,是希望他们的婚姻美满。4 .答案与解析:which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限 制性定语从句,其先行词为主句,关系词在从句中作主语,故填which。5 .答案与解析:typically考查副词。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰形容词 red,应用副词形式。6 .答案与解析:included考查独立主格。分析句子结构可知,此处为独立 主
38、格结构,在句中作状语,include与其逻辑主语dales.and names.bridegroom 为动宾关系,意为“婚期和新娘、新郎的名字被包含在内“,故用过去分词形式。7 .答案与解析:is考查时态。根据语境并结合本段表达所使用的时态可 知,此句应该使用一般现在时,故填is。8 .答案与解析:the考查冠词。根据语境可知,此处表特指,应使用定冠 词。9 .答案与解析:is performed考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构 可知,空处作谓语。结合本段表达所使用的时态可知,此处应使用一般现在时, 又主语和perform之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,且主语为单数形式,故填is perf
39、ormed。10 .答案与解析:appreciation考查名词。分析句子结构可知,此处应填名 词,与句子中的名词respect及gratitude并列,表示“感激”,故应填appreciationo语法填空题组练(二)Test 11【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍太极拳入选了联合国教科 文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表名录及其意义。1 .答案与解析:was added考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子 结构可知,空格处在句中作谓语,主语“ChinTsZ(M心”与动词add构成动宾关 系,应用被动语态;且根据时间状语“in December, 2020”可知,此处应用一般过 去时;
40、主语Chinls 7?5国卬T是专有名词,作主语时,谓语动词应用三单形式。 故填 was added02 .答案与解析:as考查介词。句意为:联合国教科文组织将其描述为一 种以放松和绕圈运动为特点的传统体育训练。describe as为固定搭配,意为“被描述为故填as。3 .答案与解析:which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非 限制性定语从句,先行词是指物,且关系词在从句中作主语,应用 which引导该从句。故填whicho4 .答案与解析:Influenced考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应 用非谓语动词作原因状语,表示因受到道家、儒家(两家)思想和中医理论的影响; 且
41、主语“practice”与动词influence是被动关系,应用过去分词作原因状语。故填 Influencedo注意首字母大写。5 .答案与解析:the考查冠词。此处特指太极拳练习,应用定冠词the修 饰。故填the。6 .答案与解析:and考查连词。分析句子结构可知,空格处与前面的“are passed down”是并列谓语,且语义上是顺承关系,应用并列连词and连接。故填 ando7 .答案与解析:significance考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格前 有形容词“great”修饰,此处应用名词形式。故填significance。8 .答案与解析:especially考查词性转换。此
42、处表示入选成功对全球推广 武术,特别是太极拳具有重要意义。此处应用副词作状语。故填especially。9 .答案与解析:to show 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用 动词不定式作目的状语。故填to show。10 .答案与解析:peoples考查名词所有格。此处指人们的身心健康,应 用名词所有格作定语。故填peoples。Test 12【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了能给忙碌的哥伦比亚人 带来宁静的蜂鸟公园过去和现在的情况。1 .答案与解析:Sitting考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空格处应 用非谓语动词;动词sit与其逻辑主语“ihe place”之间构成主
43、动关系,此处应用现 在分词作伴随状语。故填Sitling。注意首字母大写。2 .答案与解析:harmonious考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处应用形容词修饰名词,和peaceful一起作“world”的定语。故填harmonious。3 .答案与解析:others考查词性转换。此处指一些人用双筒镜来研究蜂鸟, 其他人用相机或手机为它们拍摄照片。分析句子结构可知,空格处作句子的主语, 所以此处应用代词。others意为“其他人”,符合句意。故填others。4 .答案与解析:that/who考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导 定语从句,先行词是“residents”,指人,且关系
44、词在从句中作主语,应用关系代 词ihat/who引导该从句。故填Ihat/who。5 .答案与解析:truly考查词性转换。句意为:这个公园真是个特殊的地 方,就像一座绿洲。分析句子结构可知,此处应用副词作状语,修饰系动词“is”。 故填trulyo6 .答案与解析:I。ease考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空格处应 用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to ease。7 .答案与解析:a考查冠词。此处泛指“得到休息”,且break”是读音以辅 音音素开头的单词,应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。8 .答案与解析:was destroyed考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析 句子结构可知,动词dest
45、roy与主语the hil之间构成被动关系,应用被动语态; 根据时间状语“Ten years ago”可知,此处讲述的是过去发生的事情,时态应用一 般过去时;且主语“the hiH”为第三人称单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 故填 was destroyed o9 .答案与解析:io考查介词。bringback io life是固定搭配,意为“使 复活故填2。10 .答案与解析:be found考查动词的语态和情态动词的用法。分析句子 结构可知,动词find与主语Hummingbirds”之间构成被动关系,应用被动语态; 且情态动词can后应接动词原形。故填be foundoTest 13
46、语篇类型:说明文 主题语境:人与社会社会热点外卖平台针对骑 手的送餐风险推出新举措【文章大意】文章介绍了现有的外卖平台计算的运送的时间没有考虑到红 灯和车速等现实因素,骑手为了不超时会加速且经常违反交通规那么,对骑手和路提示词与逻辑主语表主动关系时常用v.-ing形式;提示词与逻辑主语是被动关系时常用也-cd形式;提示词在句中作目的状语和意料之外的结果常用动词不定式。典例印证典例 1 2021 全国甲卷It is possible(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.分析:第一步:确定是否作非谓语提示词是动词时,句中已有系动词is,又不是作并列谓语动词
47、时,那么要考虑 填非谓语动词。第二步:确定作何种非谓语形式根据分析句子成分,空格处为动词不定式作主语,it作形式主语。自主解答:典例 2 2020浙江 7 月卷Later, they learned to work with the seasons, planting at the right time and, in dry areas,(make) use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉)their fields.分析:第一步:确定是否作非谓语提示词是动词,句中已经有谓语动词learned,故此处需用非谓语动词。第二步:确定作何种非谓语形式根据分析句子成分
48、,make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所 以此处用现在分词形式(doing)作状语。自主解答:技法1非谓语动词作主语和表语一成分分析法典例导引1 .2021 新乡市三模(map) the distribution of cave species could act as additional evidence for researchers investigating past climate conditions.2 . 2021江西省红色七校第二次联考(track) down more than 1 billion Chinese citizens is by no means easy.人造成了风险,因此外卖平台推出延长送餐时限的选项,该举措引起热议。1 .答案与解析:a考查冠词。此处in a rush为固定搭配,表示“在匆忙中。 故空处填不定冠词ao2 .答案与解析:Although/Though/While考查连词。此处表示尽管他们让 我们的生活更加便利,但是他们可能为此付出代价。分析句子结构可知,空处缺 少一个连词引导让步状语从句,故填Alt