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1、押全国卷（乙卷）第41 一60题完形填空:夹叙夹议文、说明文从近几年的高考完形填空题来看,夹叙夹议类文章往往在平淡的叙述中蕴含着深刻的人 生哲理。鉴于这点,考生不仅要理解文章的字面意思,更重要的是要挖掘文章的内涵。只 有这样才能透彻理解文章,做好完形填空。此类完形填空一般有以下三种结构特点:事例观点 先叙述作者自己亲历或所见所闻的件事情，然后针对这件事发表 自己对生活的看法,或揭示生活的真理。2 .观点事例先提出种观点或看法，然后围绕这观点或看法用具体的事例来 说明。一般是个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明。3 .观点事例观点先提出种观点或看法，然后用事例说明，最后再进步 阐述或总
2、结自己的观点。夹叙夹议文、说明文解题技巧1 .研读首句，了解文章大意首句通常是文章的关键句、引题句或主题句。通过首句一般可以初步判断文章的主旨, 或中心议题以及作者的情感态度或思想观点。2 .分析结构，明确作者观点做题时考生需借助文章结构,仔细体会叙与“议的关系，明确作者观点，把握文章脉3 .叙议结合,抓住议论内涵夹叙夹议文中，叙和议是个有机整体，二者不可分割。特别是要抓住议论部分的 内涵,因为这是文章最重要的部分,记叙完全是为议论服务的。4 .统筹兼顾,确定正确答案主旨和语境互为条件,互为提示。考生做题时，思维一定要灵活，随着“叙和“议的转 换，及时调整思维方式，合理确定正确答案。络。注重语
3、篇层次题和易错题、助力完形填空贏高分、巧解语篇层次题语篇层次是最高的考点层次,也是学生拉分题,此类试题需要阅读全篇,站 在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确的答案。技法1利用首尾呼应关系解题典例2021 浙江卷节选2I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day 42. Wehad to 43.carry everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a 44.10ng way but in 35 heat
4、and with a heavy pack, my legs were on fire.5 6153.Needless to say, I suffered a lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I 54.survived. I think I am much stronger for having taken part in the project.42. A.tour B. projectC. campaign D. course解题依据:完形填空文章或段落存在首尾呼应的关系,通过结合首段（
5、或首 句）和尾段（或尾句）信息,考生可以更好地解答部分题目。分析:本题可以利用首尾呼应解题。根据文章末尾的“theprojec可知,本 篇文章讲述地是作者某次项目的经历,结合文末信息回到开头题目,可知作者被 派去 Coronado National Forest 是为 了一个 8 天的项目。自主解答：名师点津:记叙类的完形填空文章往往通过讲述个故事来传达中心思想或 表达立意,作者多采用首尾呼应的文章写法,通过文章结尾处升华主题。因此, 考生应学会首尾兼顾,结合文章开头、结尾信息解答题目。技法2利用文章发展脉络解题典例2021 全国卷乙lSimp!y saying thank you doesn
6、*t seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a 41.nurse just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different 42.grades of gratitude （感谢）.2My thoughts were soon 43 . We had a woman patient who was .
7、recovering from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while 45.attempting to get into bed she collapsed （倒 ）from what was 46.eventually discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, 47.requi门ng the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though 48.slowly,
8、and was ready for discharge （出院）after four weeks.43. A.brushed asideB. put to the testC - brought under discussionD. taken into account解题依据:叙事型完形填空文章在行文结构上往往包括开端故事发展 高潮结局等不同情节,考生应梳理文章发展脉络,厘清行文结构。分析:本题可以利用文章发展脉络解题。文章首段提出了一个想法:应有不 同的词语表达不同程度的感谢,根据下文,作者叙述了一个患者表达感谢的故事。 据此推断,作者在首段提出的想法很快经受了检验。be brushed
9、aside “被漠视”； be put to the test ”使受考脸，使受检验：be taken into account ”被考虑进去”。自主解答:名师点津:解遵循发展脉络,合理思考推理,及时调整思路题 策 略上下求索,捕捉关键信息回头看关注是否与前文呼应,不留遗憾关键点需随机应变,不要一意孤行,更不可胡思 乱想二、规避5大易错点智取完形拉分题高考担负着区分考生、选拔人的功能,因此每篇完形填空中总有23道 较难题目成为考生取得优异成绩的“拦路虎”。导致这些题目失分的原因主要有 以下几点:解题信息比较隐蔽;干扰项迷惑性较强;情感态度较难把握;惯性思维所致。针对这些题目,考生除了需要具备扎
10、实的语言功底外,还应谨慎小心应对。 本讲总结了解答完形填空的五大易错点,旨在让考生遇到此类题目时不要急于求 成，要三思而后判。易错点1因缺乏全篇关联思维而错选语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群,而是分散在某一段或几 段甚至全篇,这就要求考生理解整篇文章,抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图 或主人公的心理,然后进行准确的推理、判断,从而做出正确的选择。对于此类 题目,一定要坚持这样个原则不急于解答,读完全文后综合考虑再做判定。典例2021 新高考 ! 卷My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when
11、, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.My best friend Betsys father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, 41.made little bunny （兔子）cakes for all its 42.stores throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for 43 help during our spring bre
12、ak, for which I had no 44.plans beyond listening to my favorite records.43. A.generous B. financialC. technicalD. temporary分析:本题是典型的语篇层次题,只看题目所在的句子我们是无法确定答案 的,此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。根据上文中的“ for three whole days”和下文 中的“during our spring break”可知,这里说的是春假期间,市中心的工厂需要临 时找个孩子来帮忙。generous ”慷慨的,大方的；financial ”财务的,金
13、融的“； technical ”技术的,专业的“；temporary ”临时的,暂时的”。自主解答:易错点2因不能正确区分形近（义近）词而错选完形填空题选项中经常会出现些形近词或义近词让考生辨析,因为词形相 近或意义相近,无形中增加了难度,如果考生对这些词掌握得不好或不着眼于语 篇的意义便很容易选错。典例2021 全国甲卷I have 55. matured and I admit responsibility for my 56.actions, “ he said in the letter. I come to you, 57 ,to apologize for the damage I
14、 had 58.indirectly caused and to ask you to 59.reconsider my lifetime ban from the hotel.”57. A.hands in pockets B. nose in the airC. hat in handD. feet on the ground分析:四个备选项在形式上非常相似,基本都是名词+介词+名词的词组, 部分考生很容易因混淆而失分。本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据空后“. apologize for the damage”可推测作者的态度是谦卑的,所以选hat in hand恭敬地 （乞求或请求）
15、。其他选项不符合语境:hands in pockets双手插兜：nose in the air 目中无人;feeton the ground脚踏实地。考生如果完全掌握了这四个词组,很容 易选出正确选项。自主解答:易错点3因词汇理解障碍而错选在完形填空题的设题上，命题者往往还将一些考生平常容易忽视的词汇设置 成选项，从而造成考生错选。对于这些词汇，考生在平时必须高度重视，背熟记熟。典例2021 天津卷Its a really great 33.experience for kids, said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper
16、. Pruitt is certainly providing a 34.service, but its not just the bikes. Its the relationships in the community. Its the 35 he can make on people.”35. A.compromise B. impressionC. impactD. progress分析:本题考查语境推断。根据全文内容可知,此处表示Pruitt的行为对人 们产生的“影响”。本题的选择难度在于A选项compromise妥协,和解”对 于同学们而言是个相对陌生的词汇,些考生可能因为词汇积
17、累不够,又不能 有效地利用上下文中的提示而失分。自主解答:易错点4因不明一词多义或熟词生义而错选在最近几年的高考完形填空中,对于词多义或熟词生义的考査屡见不鲜, 这往往也是考生容易忽视的地方。很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现 思维堵塞,造成了不应有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析,以 帮助考生熟悉其命题特点,从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。典例 1 2021 新高考卷Our 48 in the factory were simple： Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing （糖霜）ears. Apply icing eyes
18、 and nose.49.Remove bunny from the belt.48. A.joys B. ideasC. rolesD. choices分析:根据下文中的Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing（糖 霜）ears.from the bel可知,这里介绍的是作者他们在工厂的具体工作或职责。 role除了表示角色外,还可以表示职责,作用”。自主解答:典例 2 2018浙江高考One day I 46.met a former classmate of mine who was 47.making a lot of money runni
19、ng a sideline （畐业）.Since his regular job was 48.boring, I asked him why he just didnt do his sideline full-time. He said withoutthe job, he would 49 have too much time and would just do what I did back in 50.college. He said that if he 51 .quit the job, he would lose his 52.drive to work and succeed
20、.49. A.luckilyB. hardlyC. hopefullyD. simply分析:根据句意可知,他说如果没有那份工作,他确实会有很多时间。 simply ”确实,简直”。此处simply这个词属于熟词生义,我们比较熟悉它的义 项是“简单地,简朴地”。由此可知正确选项。自主解答:易错点5因惯性思维而错选在英语学习中,由于种种原因,如考生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可 能令考生产生一些思维定式，即不善于思考,考虑问题不全面,导致误解些题 目,从而抑制思维能力的发展。完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种 情况:(1)学习单词时受到的思维定式影响有些考生学习英语单词过于简单化,只记
21、忆中文意思，而不深刻理解实际用 法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。例如：表示“成功做某事”,不可以用succeed to do sth.”来表达。(2)学习词组或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响例如:学习了 Wait for这个词组以后,有的考生在做题过程中只要碰到wait, 后面要接介词时就毫不犹豫地选择for但在He stopped his car to wait at the red ligh中就不用foro典例2021天津卷For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was19 his stolen bike. But when he
22、went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the 20.1ack of bikes was COVID-19 related, and what if the person whod taken his bike really needed 21.transportation to get to work?C. repairD. replace分析:考查语境推断。Pruitt作为热衷骑自行车的人,自行车被偷,他首先 要做的应该是换辆自行车,“replace”符合语境。但考生受思维定式影
23、响,可能 看到后文的“bike”就下意识地以为选择ride a bike这个固定搭配,从而误选A项。自主解答:参考答案技法1答案：B技法2答案:B二易错点1答案:D易错点2答案:C易错点3答案：C易错点4答案：l.C 2.D易错点5答案：DPassage 1 （2021 全乙国卷第 4160 题）这是篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过作者做护士期间遇到的个女病人为例,表达了我 们应该对别人的付出表示真诚的感谢,即使他们只是做了自己分内的事。Simply saying thank you doesnt seem enough in certain situations. I was considerin
24、g this while working as a just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different 2 of gratitude（感谢）.My thoughts were soon 3. We had a woman patient who was 4 from a kneereplacement operation. One afternoon, while 5 to get into bed s
25、he collapsed（倒下）from what was 6 discovered to be a heart attack.rrhe collapse was disastrous, 7 the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though 8, and was ready for discharge（出院）after four weeks.She was 9 for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On h
26、er day of discharge, we shared in her 10 at her recovery. As she was 11 she was eager to say 12 to each of us in the nursing team. When she 13 one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. My colleague 14 to accept it, saying that we were all just 15 our job. The patient looked puzz
27、led, and then 16:“h this isn*tfor the 17 I had. I take that as a 18. No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.And there you have it. To many people, 19 lives is part of the job but styling hair is an . 20 and should be rewarded.1. A. cleanerB. chemistC. nurseD. doctor2. A. gradesB. meaningsC. needs
28、D. expectations3. A. brushed asideB. put to the testC. brought under discussion D. taken intoaccount4. A. departingB. escapingC. retiringD. recovering5. A. attemptingB. choosingC. pausingD. promising6. A. eventuallyB. fortunatelyC. casuallyD. secretly7. A. assessingB. requiringC. formingD. proving8.
29、 A. slightlyB. accidentallyC. slowlyD. happily9. A. gratefulB thoughtfulC. sorrowfulD. fearful10. A. surpriseB. delightC. curiosityD. disappointment11. A. operatingB. thinkingC. hesitatingD. leaving12. A. sorryB. helloC. goodbyeD. yes13. A. reachedB. consultedC. introducedD. persuaded14. A. wishedB.
30、 pretendedC. failedD. refused15. A. enjoyingB. doingC. securingD. starting16. A. repeatedB. recitedC. repliedD. reported17. A. courageB. patienceC. dutyD. care18. A. goalB. givenC. pushD. greeting19. A. riskingB. changingC. savingD. building20. A. honourB. abilityC. openingD. extra【答案】I. C2. A3. B4.
31、 D5. A6. A7. B8. C9. A10. BII. D12. C13. A14. D15. B16. C17. D18. B19. C2O. D【分析】L考査名词词义辨析。句意:几周前我在做护士的时候就在考虑这个问题。A. cleaner清洁;B. chemist 化学家,药剂师:C. nurse 护士: D. doctor 医生。根据下文的“as she wasJJ_she was eager to say 12 to each of us in the nursing team.” 可知,当时作者是一名护上。故选 C。2.考查名词词义辨析。句意:我突然想到,如果我们有一系列表达不
32、同程度感激之情的词语, 那会容易得多。A.grades分数,级别,程度;B. meanings意思;C. needs需求:D. expectations 期待。根据上文的“simply saying thank you doesnt seem enough in certain situations”可知,作 者认为如果有表达不同程度感谢的词,那么感谢就容易得多了。故选A。3,考查动词短语辨析。句意:我的想法很快就进行了测验。A. brushed aside撇开;B. put to the test 经受考验,接受 的考验；C. brought under discussion 在讨论中;D.
33、 taken into account 考虑。结合下文讲述女病人对护士们的所为,可知作者的想法立即接受测验。故选B。4.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们有一个病人膝盖置换手术后正在康复。A. departing出发, 离开;B. esc叩ing逃跑:C. retiring退休:D. recovering恢复。结合下文提到手术和病人从床 上摔下来可知,病人正在恢复中。故选D。5.考查动词词义辨析。句意:天下午,当她试图上床睡觉时,她因心脏病而摔倒了。A.attempting试图,尝试;B. choosing选择;C. pausing暂停;D. promising承诺。结合上文提 到这是个膝盖有伤的病
34、人,可推知她尝试着自己上床。故选A。6.考查副词词义辨析。句意:天下午,当她试图上床睡觉时,她因心脏病而摔倒了。A.eventually最后;B. fortunately幸运地;C. casually随意地;D. secretly秘密地。结合上文病 人是因为膝盖置换手术而住院,由此可知,此处是指最终发现摔倒是因为心脏病。故选A。 7.考查动词词义辨析。句意:这次摔倒是灾难性的,需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。A. assessing 评估;B. requiring 需要;C. forming 形成;D. proving 证明。根据the collapse was disastrous”可知,要
35、想把病人治好需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。故选B。8.考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然很慢,但她恢复了,四周后就可以出院了。A. slightly轻微 地;B. accidently意外地;C. slowly缓慢地;D. happily幸福地。根据上文的“the coll叩se was disastrous”可知,要从灾难性的病痛中恢复定很慢。故选C。9.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她对医疗及护士团队为她所作的一切都非常感激。A. grateful 感激的;B. thoughtful体贴的;C. sorrowful伤心的,悲伤的;D. fearful恐惧的。结合下文女 病人离开前和大家道别,推知她
36、对大家的付出表示感激。故选A。10.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她出院那天,我们分享了她康复的喜悦。A. surprise惊喜;B. delight 喜悦;C. curiosity 好奇心;D. disappointment 失望。根据下文的“her recovery”可知, 此处是指分享她康复的喜悦。故选B。1L考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她要离开时,她急切地想和我们护理队的每一个人说再见。A. operating 手术;B. thinking 思考;C. hesitating 犹豫;D. leaving 离开。根据上文的“on her day of discharge”可知,女病人要出院了,所
37、以此处是指当她即将离开医院时。故选D。12.考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她要离开时,她急切地想和我们护理队的每一个人说再见。A. sorry 抱歉;B. hello 你好;C. goodbye 再见;D. yes 同意。根据上文的“ on her day of discharge, 可知,女病人要出院了,由此推知她对护理团队的人告别,say goodbye to sb. “和某人告别” 符合语境。故选C。13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:当她走到个护士身边时,她试图塞张五英镑的钞票在她手里。A. reached 到达;B. consulted 咨询:C. introduced 介绍;D. pers
38、uaded 说服。结合上文提到女 病人出院时要和护士们道别可知,此处是指她走到个护士的身边,用“ reach”符合语境。 故选Ao14.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我的同事拒绝接受，说我们只是做了自己的工作而已。A. wished 希望;B. pretended假装;C. failed失败;D. refused拒绝。结合常识和下文的we were all just 110ur job”可知，作者的同事拒绝收下女士给的钱。故选D。15.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我的同事拒绝接受，说我们只是做了自己的工作而己。A. enjoying 享受;B. doing做;C. securing获得,保护;D. st
39、arting开始。根据上文提到作者的同事拒绝 收下钱可推知，她认为照顾病人只是做了自己应该做的事情而已。故选B。16.考査动词词义辨析。句意：这个病人开起来很困惑，然后回复到:“噢,这不是因为我接受 的照顾。我认为它是应该的。不,这是昨天给我做头发的。A. repeated重复;B. recited背 诵：C. replied回答，回应;D. reported报道。结合上文作者同事说照顾女士是自己的工作, 不应该得到额外的礼物可知，此处是女病人对同事说的话的回应。故选C。17.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个病人开起来很困惑,然后回复到：“噢,这不是因为我接受 的照顾。我认为它是应该的。不，这是昨
40、天给我做头发的。A. courage勇气;B. patience耐 心；C. duty 职责;D. care 照顾。根据下文的No, this is fbr setting my hair yesterday”可知,女 病人并不是因为护士的照顾给的五英镑。故选D。18.考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个病人开起来很困惑，然后回复到:噢，这不是因为我接受 的照顾。我认为它是应该的。不，这是昨天给我做头发的。A. goal目标:B.given该给的 东西;C. push 推力;D. greeting 招呼。根据上文的No, this is fbr setting my hair yesterday”推
41、知，女病人认为她得到的照顾是护士们应该给她的（东西）。故选B。19.考查动词词义辨析。句意：对许多人来说，拯救生命是工作的一部分，但发型是额外的，应 该得到奖励。A. risking冒险;B. changing改变;C. saving拯救,挽救;D. building建设。根据上文内容可知,医生和护理团队拯救了女病人的生命可知,此处指很多人认为拯救生命是医生和护士工作的一部分。故选C。20.考查名词词义辨析。句意:对许多人来说，拯救生命是工作的一部分,但做发型是额外的事 情，应该得到奖励。A. honour荣誉:B. ability能力;C. opening开口处;D. extra额外的东 西
42、。根据下文的“To many people, 19 lives is part of the iob和but”可知,此处指做发型 是本职工作以外的事情，即额外做的事情，应该得到奖励。故选D。Passage 2 （2018 北京卷第 4160 题）The Homeless HeroFor many, finding an unattended wallet filled with 400 in cash would be a source （来源）of temptation （诱惑）.But the 61 would no doubt be greater if you were living
43、on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith 62 more remarkable.After spotting a 63 on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain fbr about two hours waiting for the 64 to return.After hours in the cold an
44、d wet, he 65 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact （联系）the driver, only to 66 it contained 400 in notes, with another 50 in spare change beside it.He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after 67 a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When t
45、he cars owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car-which was itself worth 35, 000in Glasgow city centre, they were 68 to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was 69.The pair were later able to thank Mr. S
46、mith for his 70Mr. Anderson said： I couldnt believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight 71 he could have stolen the money and paid fbr a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and72 he didnt take the wallet fbr himself； he thought about others 73. Itsunbel
47、ievable. It just proves there are 74 guys out there. *Mr. Smiths act5much of the publics attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson Jb about the act of kindness on Facebook.Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to 77 money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received 8,000. I think the faith that everyone has shown 78 him has touched h