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1、押 全 国 卷（乙 卷）第3540题阅 读 理 解 七 选 五试题考点+答题要点试题考点答题要点词汇复现指以不同的词类、词性、数、格、时态及语态等形式出现。重点阅读选项的前后两句，锁定关键词，查找相关特征1司。定关键词务必细心，仔细看清楚代词等关键词，这是解题关键所在。代词指代常用代词有it,they,this,these,them,all 等。看到选项前后句中出现的代词，一定要重视。关注逻辑有些句子之间没有连接词，能悟出句与句之间的转折、并列、递进关系，是一种能力。逻辑关系通常指转折、对比、并列和递进关系。注意选项中所讲内容是否与前后句讲的是同一主题。关注句式分句减少了难度，但不可掉以轻心。
2、意义一致有些干扰选项的句型结构符合题目，但与上下文意义不符，要注意区分。意义对等前后句之间的意义是一致的，这是近几年高考设题的倾向。包括释义法、归纳法和逻辑推理法。避开干扰主旨概括类选项不仅逻辑上能统领下文，而且意义上也能全面覆盖下文，注意绕开以偏概全的干扰选项。试题题材+全新考法+答题建议试题题材全新考法答题建议七选五近3年全国卷共1 0套卷，8套考说明文，2 0 2 1年新高考全国卷I的记叙文，2 0 1 9年全国卷n考查的议论文。七选五语篇选材主题和学生的生活学习息息相关，实用性较强。2 0 2 1年新高考全国卷I中七选五选项设置3个整句，2 0 2 0年山东卷选项设置5个整句，没有考查
3、分句部分。语篇表达地道，更加强调熟词及短句的隐含情感色彩，由此我们可以做出恰当的逻辑判断，寻找到词汇线索。做完题之后一定要将选项代入原文，核实上下文语意是否连贯，逻辑线索是否清晰合理，词汇线索是否一致。补 全“首、中、尾”，准解解题考情考法解法高频考点为位于段中的细节句和过渡句；常考点为段首或段尾的细节句和过渡句与段首主题句，段尾总结句偶有考查。2020年4套全国卷取消对段落小标题的考查，更强调对文章的结构和脉络的理解；2021年新高考 全 国I卷也未考查段落标题题。一定要关注题空前后的关键词和过渡词；不要只关注题空选项，而忽略了所选内容是否与前后句内容一致。句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用
4、也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式，正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用,来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。本讲从空格位置及所承担的语意关系方面讲解做题技法，使考生做题时灵活运用解题技法，游刃有余地解答阅读七选五。一、设空在段首若是针对段落小标题设空，其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同，选项应短小精悍，多为名词词组、动名词短语或祈使句。若段落首句设空，段首句要么与段落标题相关联，要么是段落主题句，选项要有概括性，要么承接上段，要么是对下文的概括。思考点（一）段落主旨句某段开头处设空的常见考查内容之一是该段的主题句。考生需要认真研读该段内容，尤其是设空处后面的一两句，确定线索句，
5、然后从备选项中查找这些线索词的同义词、近义词或关联词,一般正确选项与空后第一句在内容上是连贯且符合逻辑的，在意义上是紧密衔接的。典例-2021全国卷乙1 36,if youre out of your comfort zone or if yourewandering into somebodys house for the first time.So the main thing is just to showup and be adventurous,trying different foods and talking to strangers.A.How do you know the
6、hostB.The first step is to go exploringC.If you ask the question“How did you get here?”D.Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangersE.Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to sayF.What about that person who has had too much to drink or wont stop talkingG.He or she
7、 is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness themost解析：本题考查段落主旨句。根据空后的“if youre out of your comfort zone orif youre wandering into somebodys house for the first time”可知，空处内容应与走出舒适区或者第一次去别人的家里的做法有关，再结合下文的“just to show upand be adventurous,trying different foods and talking to stranger
8、s可知，露面、敢于冒险，尝试不同的食物以及和陌生人交谈是应该做的事。“The first step is to goexploring”（第一步是去探索）是对这些做法的总结，符合语境。自主解答：思考点（二）承上启下过渡句当非首段的第一句设空时，设空处也有可能是承上启下的过渡句。此类题目要求考生既要熟悉前文（尤其是上一段）的内容，又要结合本段内容，综合考虑后选择能使前后段自然衔接的答案。典例 2021 新高考 卷38.The food is s。delicious that you dont needmuch of it to make you happy.French strawbemes d
9、o not taste like cardboard.Instead,they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.39 On our first morning in Paris,I went around the corner to the foodmarket to pick up some groceries.I bought a handful of perfectly ripe smallstrawberries and a little sweet melon.My husband and I agreed they we
10、re the bestfruit we had ever eaten.But they cost$18!A.Not all the customers are tourists.B.The quality of life in France is equally excellent.C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.E.Thats not the only reason the French eat less than w
11、e do.F.Our aim was to see if we could live,in some way,like real Parisians.G.The food is so delicious that you dont need much of it to make you happy.解析：考查上下文衔接。本题需结合上段内容作答，上一段讲到巴黎的食物非常美味，人们不需要吃太多就可以感到开心。空后讲述作者和丈夫购买食品杂货时发现巴黎的食物很贵，暗含法国人因此吃得少，故E项“那不是法国人比我们吃得少的唯一原因”符合语境。自主解答：二、设空在段中当设空在段中时，通常考查该空与前后句子之
12、间的逻辑关系和上下文之间的衔接关系。常见的逻辑关系包括7类：总分关系、解释关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系、并列关系和例证关系。文章中可能出现标志性衔接词语，例 如first,second,then,next,later,soon,so,but,however,additionally,whafs more,that is,namely,in other words,for one thing,for another 等。思考点（一）总分关系 典例 2021 新高考 I 卷The place wasn*t entirely authentic,though.Unlikea normal Pa
13、risian apartment,the plumbing（水管）worked.37 Our building evenhad a tiny lift with a female voice that said,Ouverture des portes,“in perfectFrench.That is the only French phrase I mastered,and it*s a shame I don*t have muchuse for it.A.Not all the customers are tourists.B The quality of life in France
14、 is equally excellent.C There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.E.Thats not the only reason the French eat less than we do.F.Our aim was to see if we could live,in some way,like real Parisians.G.The food is so delicious that you don*t nee
15、d much of it to make you happy.解析：本题考查上下文衔接。根据空前讲到了“和通常的巴黎公寓不同，这里的水管可以使用”，空后一句讲到了“我们的公寓楼里甚至还有一部小电梯”，因此空处应与公寓或公寓楼有关，C选项讲有一个厨房和舒适的床，符合本段语境。自主解答：增分技巧：文章由段落组成，围绕中心话题展开。一篇文章在总体布局上，可以先总后分，也可以先分后总，还可以先总后分再总，它们通常都称作“总分结构法”。“总分结构法”中 的“总”是文章内容的总体概括，出现在文章的首和尾；“分”是文章内容的具体展开，它实际上是文章的主体部分。思考点（二）解释关系f典例12021全国卷甲Pu
16、t different types of clothing on different surfaces inthe room.39 Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see howthings look when they try them on.One of the ground rules of the swap should be thateveryone must try on the clothes before they take them 一 things always lookdifferent when yo
17、u put them on.A.Less people than thatB.Hold a clothing swapC.If two people are competingD.Just keep music playing throughoutE.Donate whatever clothes are left overF.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spotsG.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition解析：本题考查上下文衔接。空 前“Put differen
18、t types of clothing on differentsurfaces in the room,即“在房间的不同区域放不同类型的衣服”，空白处应当是对前文如何在不同区域放不同类型衣服的解释，“让每个人都把衣服放在合适的位置”符合上下文语境，构成对前文的解释和说明。自主解答：增分技巧：从逻辑意义上看，句子与句子之间常含解释关系，往往作者提出观点，紧接着对这个观点进行解释说明。因此，把握文章结构，理清作者表达的情感至关重要。思考点（三）转折关系 典例 2021 浙江卷 1 月Grocery stores try to have enough employees atcheckout to
19、 get all their customers through with minimum delay.32 Any smallinterruption一a price check,a chatty customer-can have downstream effects,holding up an entire line.A.Why does this always seem to happen to you?B.So why dont most places encourage serpentine lines?C.Some of them may have stood in a queu
20、e for almost an hour.D.The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.E.How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?F.With three registers,this method is much faster than the traditional approach.G.But sometimes,as on a Sunday afternoon,the system gets part
21、icularly busy.解析：本题考查上下文衔接。空前提到食品杂货店希望将结账延误降到最低，空后提到任何小小的干扰都会拖慢整个队伍，两者形成转折，空处应明确转折关系，故G项符合语境。G项中的busy呼应下文的“interruption“holding up an entireline，“but”提示转折关系。自主解答：增分技巧：若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能表示转折。表示转折关系的标志词语有：but,however,yet,while/though/although,or/otherwise,on the contrary,instead,nevertheless,st
22、ill,in contrast/comparison,by comparison 等。思考点（四）因果关系 典 例 2021新高考卷 I My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floorapartment the size of a cupboard.It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases inthe hallway.A.Not all the c
23、ustomers are tourists.B The quality of life in France is equally excellent.C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.E.Thats not the only reason the French eat less than we do.F.Our aim was to see if we could live,in some way,like real Pa
24、risians.G.The food is so delicious that you don*t need much of it to make you happy.解析：本题考查上下文衔接。根据空白处后提示词“So”,可知空白处与下文形成因果关系。空白处前“My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.，“我和丈夫刚刚在巴黎待了一周”，空白处后提到“所以，我们做的第一件事情就是花大价钱租了一个橱柜大小、位于六层的公寓”。“我们的目的是看一下在某种程度上我们是否能像真正的巴黎人一样生活”可以构成下文租公寓的原因，符合本段语境。自主解答：增分技巧：表示
25、因果关系的标志词语有：so,therefore,thus,consequently,as a result（of）,so/such.that.,so that.等。思考点（五）对比关系 典 例 2017全国卷IIIKeep a record and evaluate it weekly.Keep track ofyour efforts and write down how you feel.After youve tried a new method for a week,take a look at your record.20 If not,take another look at ot
26、her methods youcould try.E.If the steps you take are working,keep it up.F.Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time,no matter the day.G.Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.解析：本题考查对比关系。本段谈到要对自己所做的计划记录、评价和调整。空后的“Ifnot”说明前面是讨论计划有效就应该坚持，如果无效，就看看其他你可以尝试的方法。自主解答：增分技巧：若空格
27、前后两句之间是逻辑上的对比比较，则空格处很有可能表示对比关系。表示对比关系的标志词语有:while,if not,some others等。思考点(六)并列关系 典例 2020新高考全国卷 I Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.19 And like everything else in life,that takes practice.Remember,even worldchampion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.A.Do the opposite.
28、B.You want to be an effective public speaker.C.You don*t need to apologize for a minor slip.D.When it comes to public speaking,less is usually more.E.The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience.F.Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners.G.However,the majority
29、of people are effective speakers because they train tobe.解析：本题考查并列关系。由空前一句Your goal is not to be a perfect publicspeaker.”及空后一句aAnd.takes practice.”可以锁定B选项为正确答案，它们之间构成并列关系。自主解答：增分技巧：表示并列关系的标志词语有：and,first(ly),second(ly),first,then/next,to begin with,for one thing,for another(thing),finally/last 等。思考
30、点(七)例证关系 典例 2016全国卷 There are three main types of cryptography.37For example,the first letters of“My elephant eats too many eels”spell out the hiddenmessage“Meet me”.A.It is very hard to break a code without the code book.B.In any language,some letters are used more than others.C.Only people who kno
31、w the keyword can read the message.D.As long as there have been codes,people have tried to break them.E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.F.With a code book,you might write down words that would stand for otherwords.G.Another way to hide a message is to use
32、 symbols to stand for specific lettersof the alphabet.解析：本题考查例证关系。设空处前一句的句意为“有三种主要的密码术”。空后接着就给出一个例子“你可以通过拼写每个单词的第一个字母来隐藏信息”。自主解答：增分技巧：例证是指前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。常见的表示例证关 系 的标志词语有：for example,for instance,in fact,as a matter of fact,actually,in other words,that is
33、to say 等。三、设空在段尾思考点（一）段落过渡句当设空在非尾段段末时，也有可能是考查承上启下的过渡句。假如所缺的是段落间的过渡句，首先可以关注表示逻辑关系的衔接词，再结合词汇复现等原则进行答案的选择。典例 2021 浙江卷 1 月 You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottleof water.You get what you need,head to the front,and choose the line that looksfastest.You chose wrong.People who you swear got i
34、n other lines long after you arealready checked out and off to the parking lot.31It turns out,its just math working against you；chances are,the other line reallyis faster.A.Why does this always seem to happen to you?B.So why don*t most places encourage serpentine lines?C.Some of them may have stood
35、in a queue for almost an hour.D.The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.E.How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?F.With three registers,this method is much faster than the traditional approach.G.But sometimes,as on a Sunday afternoon,the system
36、gets particularly busy.解析：本题考查上下文衔接。上文描述了你排队结账时，发现自己排的队伍总是比别的队伍慢这一现象，下文的“It turns out chances are,the other linereally is faster”点明了结论，所以空处应为对该现象提出的疑问。结合选项来看，只有A项的内容与结论的内容相匹配，起到上下文衔接的过渡作用。自主解答：思考点（二）补充信息句段末设空还有可能是对前文内容进行补充说明，这时要选择补充性的语句。典例 2021 全 国卷乙 38.What about that person who has had too much to
37、drink or wont stop talking?If you cant take their wine away,you should certainly tryto take away their soapbox（讲台）.If youre the host,you can ask them to help you inthe kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation.39.A.How do you know the hostB.The first step is to go exploringC.If
38、you ask the question“How did you get here?”D.Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangersE.Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to sayF.What about that person who has had too much to drink or won*t stop talkingG.He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of
39、 that awkwardness themost解析：本题考查对前文的补充说明。E 项“或者把谈话转向一个他们几乎无话可说的话题”承接空前的“If youre the host,you can ask them to help you in thekitchen with something and just remove them from the situation”,给出了另一种选择，属于信息补充，符合语境。自主解答：思考点（三）总结句当设空在段尾时，通常是结论性、概括性语句，是对上文的概括总结。如果缺的是结论性、概括性的语句，考生应快速浏览七个备选项，注意选项中是否出现表示结果、结论
40、、总结等的信息词，如 so,therefore,as a result,in short,in a word,all in all等词或短语，快速缩小选择范围，再根据段落主题一致原则，从而确定正确选项。典 例 2020全国卷 1 Recognize all of your strengths.Write them down in ajournal.Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness.List all of youraccomplishments and achievements.You have a job
41、,earned your degree,and you gotout of bed today.39A.Feeling upset again?B.Where do you start?C Nothing is too small to celebrate.D.Remember,you are only human.E.Set an intention for self-acceptance.F.Stop comparing yourself with others.G.When does the comparison game start?解析：本题考查段落总结句。由本段首句可知本段主题是“
42、认识到你所有的优点”，段中列举了一些小的成绩，如有了一份工作，拿到了学位等，段尾对这些成绩做了一下总结：没有什么事情太小而不值得庆祝。自主解答：参考答案思考点（一）答案：B思考点（二）答案：E思考点（一）答案：C思考点（二）答案：F思考点（三）答案：G思考点（四）答案：F思考点（五）答案：E思考点（六）答案：B思考点（七）答案：E三思考点（一）答案：A思考点（二）答案：E思考点（三）答案：C注 意“重复信息”，巧妙解题实际上，“七选五”的题目选择不是个个都难，难就难在其中13道特别的题目上，这些题目或是因为蕴含的信息更为丰富，或是选项高度相似，或是逻辑关系相近，总让人感到很是纠结。那么，此时学
43、生就要学会利用种种重复信息,达到抽丝剥茧的效果。微 技 能1原词重复信息原词复现是指一个句子中的关键词（常为动词、名词、形容词）会反复出现在文中的其他句子中。这些词会以不同词类、词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出现。如：ulooks,-ulooking,6looked,;“go”与“going”“went”等。根据语言习惯，第一句的宾语往往是第二句的主语，或者前后句有相同、重叠的词语飞因此，要学会寻找空格前后句句中的相同关键词。典例 2021全国卷甲Invite 510 people so you have a nice selection.37.Less people than that,an
44、d there may not be enough things to choose from;morethan that,and it becomes uncontrollable.38.They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their new”clothes home.A.Less people than thatB-Hold a clothing swapC-If two people are competingD.Just keep music playing throughoutE.Donate whate
45、ver clothes are left overF.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spotsG.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition解析：本题考查原词复现。本段空白后“They should also prepare plenty ofreusable bags to carry their new clothes home.”讲他们还应准备大量的可回收的袋子，来 把“新”衣服带回家。其中的“clothes”原词复现是解题提示，同时“new”表明衣服应该是好的，
46、对应G选项中的clearTin good condition”。自主解答：微技能2代词重复信息为了避免与上文提到的名词重复，用不同的代词指代上文提到的人、事物或事件。如：it指代单数名词、不可数名词、句子；they指代复数名词；ones泛指复数名词。还有反身代词、指示代词、关系代词等。典例 2021 浙江卷 1 月Researchers have a good way to deal with thisproblem.Make all customers stand in one long,snaking line-called a serpentinelineand serve each p
47、erson at the front with the next available register.34 Thisis what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants.With a serpentine line,a longdelay at one register won*t unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it.Instead,it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.
48、A.Why does this always seem to happen to you?B So why dont most places encourage serpentine lines?C.Some of them may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.D.The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.E.How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?F.Wi
49、th three registers,this method is much faster than the traditional approach.G.But sometimes,as on a Sunday afternoon,the system gets particularly busy.解析：本题考查上下文衔接。前一段提到如果商店中排起了三个结账的队伍，那么结账时延误情况的出现是随机的。本段提到研究人员为解决这一问题，想出了一个好办法：让所有人排成一队，排在最前面的人到可用的收银机处结账。F项能很好地承接上文，同时F项中的this method是空后This的指代对象，代词重复是
50、一个很好的解题信号。自主解答：微技能3派生词重复信息派生词重复信息是指文中选项位置的前后两句中出现意义相关的派生词，因表达的需要而重复出现一到两次，重复出现的过程中，上下文存在着逻辑关系，起着前后衔接作用，这有利于做题时锁定关键词，找出正确答案。典 例 2021全国卷乙And what about that other dinner-party killer:awkward silence?If youre faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party,the onlything that always gets everyone talkin