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1、U9 Human Biology一,核心词精讲1. Cloning, however, continues to be an issue that causes a great deal of disagreement and provokes strong emotions.provoke v. to cause a reaction or feeling, especially a sudden one 激起，弓I 起 provoke sb. into doing sth.provoke sb. to do sth.e.g. Im sorry to provoke him into a f
2、ight.They provoked him to say more than he wanted.2. They believe it is bound to lead to cloning of other species.bound adj. very likely to do or feel a particular thing 很有可能，肯定会常用结构：be bound to do sth.It is bound to be当然，早应料到be bound for准备前往，开往e.g. Dont lie to her. Shes bound to find out.The ship i
3、s bound for South America.3. Finally, they worry that some organisations may abuse the technology for unethical purposes, abusev. 1) to deliberately use sth. for the wrong purpose or for your own advantage 滥用,e.g. This man abused his position as manager.2) to treat sb. in a cruel and violent way 虐待e
4、.g. When the police found the children, they had been abused physically.3) to say rude or offensive things to sb. 谩骂，辱骂e.g. He was abused after he failed to save a goal.4) Each disease can only officially be classified as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease. 只有
5、致死病例到达一定数量，某种疾病才会被正式定性为 流行病。classify v. to decide what group sth. belongs to 分类；把归类；将界定e.g. Biologists classify animals and plants into different groups.The books in the library are classified by / according to subject.5) Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the areas population died from the e
6、pidemic.科学家现在估计那个地区一半以上人口死于那个病毒estimate v. to try to judge the value, size, speed, cost etc of sth., without calculating it exactly 估 计；估算e.g. It is not easy to estimate how many people have the disease.little threat to the modern world, until SARS outbreak in 2002.The SARS epidemic started as a dis
7、ease in China but eventually spread across theto countries such as Canada and Vietnam. It resulted in the infection of about 8,000 people and since then, scientists have undertaken on treatments to prevent futuredeaths.A. twins artificially species barriers edited potential identicalAccurate cures c
8、rucial moral abusedB. infectious variations opposed to widespread estimateposed lungglobe trialsestimate n. a calculation of the value, size, amount etc of sth. 估t十； 估算e.g. The figure will only be about two million, less than half the original estimate.6 . . governments worldwide have underlined the
9、 fact that they want thorough and systematic medical research on epidemics to get at the causes and come up with cures as soon as possible.世界各国政府都已经强调，要对流行病进行彻底和系统地医学研究，以便尽快找出原因 并找到治疗方法。underline v. to show that something is important 强调；使突出e.g. This tragic incident underlines the need for immediate
10、 action.underline v. to draw a line under a word to show that it is important 在之下iffll线e.g. Take two colored pens and underline the positive and negative words.7 . In comparison with other species, cloning primates has proved to be much harder”, and doing so with non-reproductive cells was even more
11、 parison n. the process of comparing two or more people or things 比拟常用结构：in comparison （with / to sth.）e.g. In comparison to other recent video games, this one isnt very exciting.【拓展】compare v.比拟，相比，比得上compare （sth） with / to把比作；和比起来/相比comparable adj.类似的,可比拟的comparative adj.比拟而言的，相对的；比拟的，相比的e.g. He
12、cant compare with / to Mozart.They have compared the two reports carefully.Mary began comparing herself with / to the other girls in her class.8 .While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement, others raise moral concerns, crucial adj. extremely important, because everything else
13、 depends on it 至关重要的， 关键性的 常用结构：be crucial for / to sth.It is crucial that.play a crucial role / part in sthe.g. Parents play a crucial role in preparing their children for school.9 .Families who had only just got through the war now had to bury their loved ones who had died of the disease.刚刚熬过战争的人们
14、现在不得不埋葬他们死于疾病的亲人。get through:结束（不愉快的经历）；熬过（困难时期）【拓展】get through:完成（工作），处理（事情）e.g. We got through half the application forms this morning. Weve got a lot of work to get through.get through:通过（考试或检测）；（竞赛）胜利e.g. I finally managed to get through my driving test.I knew it was going to be difficult to get
15、 the car through its MOT test.get through:（用 ）联系上;（和）通上 e.g. I tried phoning her office, but I couldnt get through.At last I managed to get through to one of the managers.get through:大量使用某物；挥霍（金钱）e.g. You wouldnt believe the amount of food children can get through in a week!He can get through $ 1000
16、 in one evening.10 .The virus was extremely infectious and the survival rate was as low as 30% in some areas, indicating that very few people got over it.该病毒传染性极强，一些地区的存活率低至30%,也就是说很少有人能康复。get over: to become well again after an illness 从（疾病）中康复过来【拓展】get over:从（不愉快的经历）中恢复e.g. She never got over the
17、death of her son.get over:把某事说清楚eg Its important that we get this message over to young people.get over:完成某事（指必须做的难事）e.g. Til be in touch once Ive got my exams over.get ove亡解决（问题）；克服（困难）e.g. Once weve got over the first few months, we should be making a reasonable profit.not get over sth.:对某事十分惊讶e.g
18、. I cant get over how well you look.二.重点词精练The brain is the most important （器官） in the human body.1. The nerve cells in our brain are connected by （电子的）impulses.There are more possible connections in one brain than there are （原子）in the universe.2. Different parts of our brain are （与相关） to different
19、parts of our body.3. There are different areas in the brain that are （对负责） for different functions.4. Scientists have （定位） different areas of the brain.5. In （比照） to other recent video games, this one isnt very exciting.6. Cloning, however, continues to be an issue that causes a great deal of disagr
20、eement and （激起）strong emotions.7. While some people believe it is （极重要的）for scientific advancement, others raise moral concerns.8. Finally, they worry that some organisations may （方常用）the technology for unethical purposes.9. It uses twenty percent of the bodys energy and it （包括） over one hundred bil
21、lion cells.10. Each disease can only officially be（分类，界定） as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease.11. Scientists now （估计） that up to 50% of the areas population died from the epidemic.三.单元课文重点回顾A.根据课文信息填空Natural cloning has taken place for generations. An exampl
22、e of this is identical. A sheep called Dolly was the first mammal to be cloned. Since Dolly, more than 20 mammal have been cloned including camels and goats. In 2018, China announcedthat two monkeys had been cloned.In comparison with other species, scientists have had to work hard to break the techn
23、ical to get primates with genes. Scientists say that this major breakthroughoffers the to create monkeys with genes to give more research results and perhaps led to for various diseases. While scientists insist it is to continue research, other raise concerns and worry that the technology might be b
24、y some organisations.B.用以下词汇的正确形式填空A, upidumic A anA, upidumic A andisease -that spreads 工apidlj Hq- % large numbur cf puQRlewithin a s哪单&颉 0ftimWidespreadoppose to pose infectiousEf idemicse been occinTng as longhave bee席需龄 Some epidemics a|reof previous viruses.A disease reaches epidemic levels wh
25、en a certain number of deaths occur as a result of it and this number will be different for each disease. One disease might result in just a few deaths but be classified as an epidemic, as others such as the flu, which is buthas much higher baselines.In human history, there have been some deadly epi
26、demics. In the early 20th century, the Spanish Flu of 1918 was a massive epidemic that killed an of 50 million people, more thanthe number of people who died in World War I. Initially, it was believed that epidemics little threat to the modern world, until SARS outbreak in 2002.The SARS epidemic sta
27、rted as a disease in China but eventually spread across theto countries such as Canada and Vietnam. It resulted in the infection of about 8,000 people and since then, scientists have undertaken on treatments to prevent futuredeaths.U9 Human Biology一,核心词精讲7. Cloning, however, continues to be an issue
28、 that causes a great deal of disagreement and provokes strong emotions.provoke v. to cause a reaction or feeling, especially a sudden one 激起,弓| 起provoke sb. into doing sth.provoke sb. to do sth.e.g. Tm sorry to provoke him into a fight.They provoked him to say more than he wanted.8. They believe it
29、is bound to lead to cloning of other species.bound adj. very likely to do or feel a particular thing 很有可能，肯定会常用结构：be bound to do sth.It is bound to be当然，早应料到be bound for准备前往，开往e.g. Don*t lie to her. Shes bound to find out.The ship is bound for South America.9. Finally, they worry that some organisat
30、ions may abuse the technology for unethical purposes, abusev. 1) to deliberately use sth. for the wrong purpose or for your own advantage 滥用,e.g. This man abused his position as manager.2) to treat sb. in a cruel and violent way 虐待e.g. When the police found the children, they had been abused physica
31、lly.3) to say rude or offensive things to sb. 谩骂，辱骂e.g. He was abused after he failed to save a goal.10. Each disease can only officially be classified as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease. 只有致死病例到达一定数量，某种疾病才会被正式定性为 流行病。classify v. to decide what group sth. b
32、elongs to 分类；把归类；将界定e.g. Biologists classify animals and plants into different groups.The books in the library are classified by / according to subject.11. Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the areas population died from the epidemic.科学家现在估计那个地区一半以上人口死于那个病毒estimate v. to try tojudge the valu
33、e, size, speed, cost etc of sth., without calculating it exactly 估计； 估算e.g. It is not easy to estimate how many people have the disease.estimate n. a calculation of the value, size, amount etc of sth. 估计； 估算e.g. The figure will only be about two million, less than half the original estimate.12. . go
34、vernments worldwide have underlined the fact that they want thorough and systematic medical research on epidemics to get at the causes and come up with cures as soon as possible.世界各国政府都已经强调，要对流行病进行彻底和系统地医学研究，以便尽快找出原因 并找到治疗方法。underline v. to show that something is important 强调； 使突出e.g. This tragic in
35、cident underlines the need for immediate action.underline v. to draw a line under a word to show that it is important 在之下画线e.g. Take two colored pens and underline the positive and negative words.7 . In comparison with other species, cloning primates has proved to be much harder”, and doing so with
36、non-reproductive cells was even more parison n. the process of comparing two or more people or things 比拟常用结构:in comparison （with / to sth.）e.g. In comparison to other recent video games, this one isnt very exciting.【拓展】compare v.比拟，相比，比得上compare （sth） with / to把比作；和比起来/相比comparable adj.类似的,可比拟的compa
37、rative adj.比拟而言的,相对的;比拟的，相比的e.g. He cant compare with / to Mozart.They have compared the two reports carefully.Mary began comparing herself with / to the other girls in her class.8 .While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement, others raise moral concerns, crucial adj. extremel
38、y important, because everything else depends on it 至关重要的， 关键性的 常用结构：be crucial for / to sth.It is crucial that.play a crucial role / part in sthe.g. Parents play a crucial role in preparing their children for school.9 .Families who had only just got through the war now had to bury their loved ones w
39、ho had died of the disease.刚刚熬过战争的人们现在不得不埋葬他们死于疾病的亲人。get through:结束（不愉快的经历）；熬过（困难时期）【拓展】get through:完成（工作），处理（事情）e.g. We got through half the application forms this morning. Weve got a lot of work to get through.get through:通过（考试或检测）;（竞赛）胜利e.g. I finally managed to get through my driving test.I knew
40、 it was going to be difficult to get the car through its MOT test.get through:（用 ）联系上;（和）通上 e.g. I tried phoning her office, but I couldnt get through.At last I managed to get through to one of the managers.get through:大量使用某物；挥霍（金钱）e.g. You wouldnt believe the amount of food children can get through
41、 in a week!He can get through $ 1000 in one evening.10 .The virus was extremely infectious and the survival rate was as low as 30% in some areas, indicating that very few people got over it.该病毒传染性极强，一些地区的存活率低至30%,也就是说很少有人能康复。get over: to become well again after an illness 从（疾病）中康复过来【拓展】get over:从（不愉
42、快的经历）中恢复e.g. She never got over the death of her son.get over:把某事说清楚e.g. Its important that we get this message over to young people.get over:完成某事（指必须做的难事）e.g. Til be in touch once Ive got my exams over.get over:解决（问题）；克服（困难）e.g. Once weve got over the first few months, we should be making a reasona
43、ble profit.not get over sth.:对某事十分惊讶e.g. I cant get over how well you look.二.重点词精练The brain is the most important （器官） in the human body.13. The nerve cells in our brain are connected by （电子的）impulses.14. There are more possible connections in one brain than there are（原子）in the universe.15. Differen
44、t parts of our brain are （与.相关） to different parts of our body.There are different areas in the brain that are （对负责）for different functions.16. Scientists have （定位） different areas of the brain.17. In （比照） to other recent video games, this one isn*t very exciting.18. Cloning, however, continues to b
45、e an issue that causes a great deal of disagreement and （激起） strong emotions.19. While some people believe it is （极重耍的）for scientific advancement, othersraise moral concerns.20. Finally, they worry that some organisations may （滥用）the technology for unethical purposes.21. It uses twenty percent of th
46、e bodys energy and it （包括） over one hundred billion cells.22. Each disease can only officially be（分类，界定） as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease.23. Scientists now （估计） that up to 50% of the areas population died from the epidemic.答案：organ electrical atoms relat
47、ed responsible located comparison provokes crucial abuse contains classified estimate四.单元课文重点回顾A.根据课文信息填空Natural cloning has taken place for generations. An example of this is identical. A sheep called Dolly was the first mammal to be cloned. Since Dolly, more than 20 mammal have been cloned includi
48、ng camels and goats. In 2018, China announcedthat two monkeys had been cloned.In comparison with other species, scientists have had to work hard to break the technical to get primates with genes. Scientists say that this major breakthroughoffers the to create monkeys with genes to give more research results and perhaps led to for various diseases. While scientists insist it is to continue research, other raise concerns