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1、专题2阅读七选五阅读七选五不但要求考生扎实地掌握词汇和句子、语段和语篇等方面的知识,而且要求考生具备综合分析能力和辨证的逻辑思维能力。这种题型的语篇的主线通常都很清晰,且通常都是具有明确的逻辑关系的说明文。该题型的文章中设有五个空,而对应的选项有七个,其中有两个选项为干扰性错误选项。这七个选项通常包括主旨句、过渡性句子、细节注释性句子三类。主旨句主要以标题类和主题句为主,过渡性句子通常涉及文章结构,细节注释性句子主要涉及上下文逻辑意义。因此考生需要根据文章结构、内容选出正确的选项。20162019年全国卷阅读七选五命题分析试卷体裁和主题词数设空位置短文标题2019年卷说明文:到户外呼吸新鲜空气
2、的好处247/692段首,3段中有2019年卷说明文:动机和目标的关系以及如何激发动机265/611段首,4段中无2019年卷说明文:如何与课程教授保持良好的沟通198/671段首,3段中,1段末无2018年卷说明文:装饰中颜色的重要性255/721段首,3段中,1段末无2018年卷说明文:晨练的好处231/732段首,2段中,1段末无2018年卷记叙文:舞蹈的益处194/592段首,2段中,1段末无2017年卷记叙文:改变对野营的看法219/802段首,2段中,1段末无2017年卷议论文:植物受到攻击185/834段中,1段末无2017年卷说明文:如何轻松起床241/641段首,3段中,1段
3、末无2016年卷说明文:沉默的内涵198/1011段首,4段中无2016年卷说明文:如何装饰花园222/711段首,4段中有2016年卷说明文:蒸鱼的好处201/561段首,4段中无分析上面的表格,可以看出这几年高考考查阅读七选五有以下特点:全国卷中的阅读七选五要求考生明确、深刻地理解一篇文章,对文章的结构有所了解,把握住文脉,即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。此题型的文章中有五处空白,采用完整句子(2019年全国、卷)或者分句(2018年全国卷)的模式。在阅读过程中,如果不明白文章的主旨、段落主题和作者的写作意图,就很难顺畅地读下去、读明白,自然就很难选出正确答案。而填错一个空势必又影响另外一
4、个空的选择。另外,这种题型提供七个选项,而有两个选项是多余的干扰选项,这提高了做题的难度。高考阅读七选五以说明文为主,但考试中心在2018年全国卷采用记叙文,考生需要认真对待。Passage 12019·全国Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.”36 According to recent studies,the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your ca
5、mping area is good. 37 If the air youre breathing is cleanwhich it would be if youre away from the smog of citiesthen the air is filled with life-giving,energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors,your body will learn to breathe more deeply,allowing even more oxygen to g
6、et to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain. Recently,people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). 38 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green,growing things can reduce stress,lower blood pr
7、essure,and put people into a better mood(情绪). Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 39 It gives us a great feeling of peace. 40 While the suns rays can ag
8、e and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin Dbut still protect your skinput on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and thats plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day
9、1;s worth of Vitamin D. A.Fresh air cleans our lungs.B.So what are you waiting for?C.Being in nature refreshes us.D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?F.Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air wi
10、th health care.G.All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.语篇解读本文主要讲述了到户外呼吸新鲜空气对人体的各种好处。答案与解析36.E根据本段第1句“人们总是让我们出去呼吸新鲜空气”和该空后的 “回答是肯定的”可知,此处应填入一个疑问句,即“新鲜空气果真如妈妈总说的那样好吗?”。37.A文章开头讲述了新鲜空气对人有好处,那接下来应该介绍具体的好处。空白处应是本段的总起句,A项更符合常识以及本段大意。38.G由该空后的In these places可知,空白处应该包含
11、地点;而且该空前提到研究人员在研究自然环境和疾病治愈之间的关系,G项符合语境。39.C该空前描述了接近大自然的患者可能康复更快,再结合该空后的“这给了我们极大的平静”可知,此处应为总结句,因此选C项。40.D该空后一句提到,尽管太阳光线会使人的皮肤老化、受损,但也能提供有益人体的维生素D。由此可知,空白处应该与太阳光线有关,故选D项。Passage 22019·全国Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:“Should I jump?” This
12、 is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin. 36 Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided. 37 More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values,
13、your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires,etc. Only then should you set your goals. You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your
14、work. 38 So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity (清晰) of thoughts can help you move forward. Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are f
15、lexible. 39 They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals. Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a pilot but cant become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 40 You should reassess you
16、r goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal. You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.A.This can affect your w
17、ork.B.So how should you motivate yourself?C.However, this should not discourage you.D.So why should we try to set specific goals?E.They can change according to circumstances.F.Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.G.Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.语篇解读本文主要介绍了动
18、机和目标的关系以及如何激发动机并设定切实可行的目标。答案与解析36.G空白处前一句讲的是动机和设定目标的关系,而后一句提到“像在跳板上拿不定主意的孩子一样”,由此可知,G项符合语境,即没有动机也就无法设定目标。37.B上一段阐述了动机和设定目标的关系,强调了动机的重要性,本段进一步讲如何激励自己并保持动力来实现目标。B项起着承上启下的作用。38.A空白处前一句讲的是有时候你的心思会不在工作上,这当然会影响你的工作,A项符合上下文语境。39.E空白处前一句提到目标是灵活的,E项They can change according to circumstances与之相呼应。40.C空白处之前讲的是
19、个人情况对目标的影响,C项符合语境,起着承上启下的作用。Passage 32019·全国In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. 36 While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic (逻辑) of
20、each to their particular circumstance. Dos·37 Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus(教学大纲)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isnt hiding in plain sight.
21、0;·Participate in discussion forums (论坛), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. 38 Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same. Donts·Dont share personal information or stories. P
22、rofessors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. 39 ·Dont openly express annoyance at a professor or class. 40 When a student attacks a professor on the social
23、media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professors professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments. A.Thats what they are for.B.Turn to an online instructor for help
24、.C.If more information is needed, they will ask.D.Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.E.Below are some common dos and donts for online learners.F.Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.G.Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtfu
25、l questions.语篇解读本文主要介绍了参加在线课程时,如何与课程教授保持良好的沟通,以及一些“可做”与 “不可做”的事。答案与解析36.E文章首句提到在在线课堂中,与教授形成良好的交流是至关重要的,下文则详细介绍了Dos 和Donts的内容。由此可见,E项符合语境。37.G根据该空后的关键词Questions可知,只有G项符合语境。38.A根据本段第1句可知,要参加讨论论坛,加入博客讨论以及其他开放式的对话论坛,因为这些讨论形式就是让学生参与的。39.C根据该空前一句可知,如果你想延迟截止日期,简明地向教授说明情况即可。C项符合语境。40.F该空
26、前一句提到,不要公开表达对教授或者班级的不满。由此推断,F项符合语境。1.分析篇章结构。把握全文脉络是做阅读七选五的关键所在。考生要对文章的结构有所了解,把握全文脉络,理出文章的中心,搞清楚句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。2.把握写作思路。从语序上去发现断续点,理清层次。根据句子意思辨别出句子间的关系,如承接、并列、递进关系等。3.理解句子与句子之间的关系。重点关注句子与句子之间的关联词、逻辑性插入语,结合段落中的连接词做出判断。01阅读七选五之解题技法解题技法1“两步”解题法第一步:看位置,定类型句子在段中的位置不同,所起的作用也不同。命题人采用段首、段中和段尾三种设空方式,是为了利用设空位置
27、的暗示作用和设空处上下文的提示作用来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。段首、段中、段尾题在文中所起的作用见下表:设空位置逻辑关系具体解读段首题主旨句常以段落小标题或主题句的形式出现承上启下句此空的答案能够将上段和本段的内容连接起来段中题例证关系前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性,思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有for example、for instance、in fact/as a matter of fact、actually、in other words/that is to say等转折关系若空格前后两句之间存在逻
28、辑上的逆转, 则空格处很有可能表示转折。表示转折关系的标志词语有but、however、yet、while/though/although、or/otherwise、on the contrary、instead、nevertheless(然而)、still、in contrast/comparison、by comparison等因果关系表示因果关系的标志词语有so、therefore、thus、consequently(结果)、as a result (of)、so/such.that .、so that .等(续表)设空位置逻辑关系具体解读段中题递进关系若空格前后两句之间存在逻辑上的递进
29、关系,则空格处很有可能是个表示递进的句子。表示递进关系的标志词语有too、also、besides、further、furthermore、moreover、likewise、similarly、whats more、whats worse、in addition、as well、to make matters worse、not . but .、not only . but also等并列关系表示并列关系的标志词语有and;first(ly);second(ly); to begin with;some . others .; for one thin
30、g,for another thing; then/next; finally/last;等段尾题总结句用于总结本段内容,常含有总结性的词语承上启下句此空的答案能够将本段和下段的内容连接起来2018·全国,40 If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food?
31、You will want to continue to focus on positive choices. A.You will stick to your diet.B.Your quality of sleep improves.C.You prefer healthy food to fast food.D.There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.E.You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.F.After you exercise
32、, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.G.If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!答案与解析A设空处位于段首,应是该段落的主题句。本空后一句的主要内容是“如果晨练,你就更有可能会坚持一整天吃健康的食物”,故该段的主旨是“坚持健康饮食”;再由本段中的healthy food、junk food与A项中的diet相关可知,本空选A项。第二步:由类型,定技法考法1主旨概括题主旨概括题主要考查
33、考生对文章或段落进行概括的能力,它要求考生在阅读文章时,能够体会作者的写作意图,充分运用概括能力提取文章的主题、观点以及领会作者的情感态度。这类题常以考查段落标题或主题句为主,设题位置一般在段首,有时总结性的语句也会出现在段中或段尾。这类题有时也会考查整篇文章的主旨大意,即文章的主题句,一般会在首段设空。概括起来讲,命题人通常从两个方面设题:概括文章或段落的主题句或结论性语句;段落标题。解答主旨概括题通常采用浏览的方式,即重点搜索本段的主题线索词并快速理清主旨大意,然后浏览选项,准确判定出与段落主旨大意相匹配的选项。2018·全国,39Studies found that peopl
34、e who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited. A.You will stick to your diet.B.Your quality of sleep improves.C.You prefer healthy food to fast f
35、ood.D.There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.E.You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.F.After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.G.If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!答案与解析B设空处位于段
36、首,应为本段主题句。主题句一般是对上文或下文内容的总结,快速浏览本段可知,本段说的是晨练比晚上锻炼更能改善睡眠质量,再结合B项内容可知B项符合题意。考法2语段过渡题语段过渡题所涉及的句子是过渡句,具有承上启下的作用,该题型主要考查考生对篇章的理解能力和对上下文之间逻辑关系的分析能力。其设空位置比较灵活,可位于段尾、段首或段中。解这类题通常可采用位置判断法。如果设空处位于段首,要前瞻后望找提示,即阅读上一段结尾部分,通常正确答案与之衔接,并结合本段内容,看所选的答案是否能将两段内容连接起来。如果设空处位于段中,重点阅读设空处的前一句和后一句,找出它们之间的逻辑关系或根据意义的连贯性得出答案;如果
37、还没有把握,可以再分析该段的中心句。如果设空处位于段尾,在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联时,可考虑与下一段开头之间的衔接。仔细阅读下一段开头几句,看是否能与所选选项紧密连接起来。2018·全国,39Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feel
38、ing of a space. A.While all of them are usefulB.Whatever youre looking forC.If youre experimenting with a colorD.Small color choices are the ones were most familiar withE.Its not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF.So it pays to be sure
39、, because you want to get it right the first timeG.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways答案与解析G设空处在段中,所填句子应是过渡句。本空下一句提到中等物品颜色的选择和小物品颜色的选择存在不同的两个方面:一是花费,二是对空间感觉的影响。G项中的two major ways与此相呼应。考法3细节线索题 细节线索类的试题要求考生更加注重文章中的细节,比如某个关键的单词或数字等。解答这类试题经常用到的方法有词汇复现法、词汇同现法、
40、代词线索法、逻辑关系线索法等。1.词汇复现法复现法是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段,即在文章中不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述,从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同的地方重复出现。复现的形式主要包括原词复现、同(近)义词复现、反义词复现等。考生可利用文章的这一特点,在解题时注意选项中出现的与正文中意思相同、相近或相反的词。2018·全国,38. Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual i
41、nterest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable. A.While all of them are usefulB.Whatever youre looking forC.If youre experimenti
42、ng with a colorD.Small color choices are the ones were most familiar withE.Its not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF.So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two m
43、ajor ways答案与解析D解此题可运用词汇复现法。此空所在段最后一句中的small color choices是D项中Small color choices的原词复现,故选D项。2.词汇同现法词汇同现是指属于同一词汇范畴或者同一领域的词汇在文章中同时出现,达到语意衔接的目的。一般来说,上下文中词汇的范畴越小,上下文的衔接关系越紧密。2017·全国,38I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. Instead, we had a pop-up cam
44、per with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life. A.This time there was no tent.B.Things are going to be improved.C.The trip they took me on was a rough one.D.I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.E.I
45、 must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.F.After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.G.There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.答案与解析A解此题可运用词汇同现法。此空前面的部分说明了作者被说服参加另一次野营活动,而空后则说这次野营活动有舒服的床和空调,因此本空的论述应该是在“住宿”这一范畴内,几个选项中只有A项合适。3.代词线索法英语文章中代词出现的频率极高,代
46、词一般用来指代前面提及的名词,考生如果能巧妙地利用这样的指代关系或根据代词的单复数进行分析,就可以准确而快速地解题。2018·全国,37Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. , they can get a little complex. But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you
47、 need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones. A.While all of them are usefulB.Whatever youre looking forC.If youre experimenting with a colorD.Small color choices are the ones were most familiar withE.Its not
48、 really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF.So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways答案与解析A解此题可运用代词线索法。空格后的they指代上文中的techniques,且与A项中的all of them相呼应,代入A项“尽管它们都很有用”,符合语境,故选A项。4.逻辑关系线索法一篇文章往往是一个有机的整体,各部分之间存在着一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看,句子与句子之间常常有并列、顺承、递进、转折、总分、解释、因果、过渡、例证等关系,有时甚至包含不止一种这样的关系。因此,阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络,弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词,考生就可以利用其来进行推理判断;如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词,这就需要考生全面理解文章大意,根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系,做出正确的判断。2017·全国,36If anyone had told me three years ag