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1、2023新高考新教材版英语高考第二轮复习 专题九推理判断Passage 1In 2007, the African Union announced an ambitious project-to plant the Great Green Wall （GGW）, a band of trees that would stretch the length of the Sahel.The GGW is an ecological restoration project designed by African people for African people. Heavy rain, droug
2、hts, wildfire and landslides have all become common throughout the world. But nowhere is quite like the Sahel. In this huge African region, climate change has materialized in a dramatic manner. In some cases, the severe conditions have left people with no option other than to migrate elsewhere to su
3、rvive. It was with all of this in mind that the extraordinary, but heavily debated project was first put forward.Fourteen years has passed since the initiative formally kicked off. The stated goal was to create a 15- kilometre-wide, 8, 000-kilometre-long green belt of trees and other plants that, by
4、 2030, would span（跨越）the entire width of the Sahel, from Senegal to Djibouti. Overall, 100 million hectares（公顷）of land would be restored by 2030. Once completed, it was announced that the wall could end up capturing（俘获）250 million tonnes of carbon dioxide, while its creation and upkeep could create
5、ten million jobs in rural areas.Looking at the project as a whole, theres still a long way to go. According to a status report by the UN Convention to Combat Desertification, about four million hectares of degraded land have been restored. This means that progress towards the 100 million hectares ta
6、rget stands at just four per cent.“When we started restoring the soil, we realized the area at risk was much wider than we initially thought, explains Elvis Paul Tangem, the African Unions GGW coordinator. tWe had few funds to push the initiative as much as we wanted to. There was skepticism among i
7、nvestors, who didnt understand the project, but also among the African states themselves, which needed time to figure out if the GGW was a priority.”1 .What is the purpose of the GGW project?A.To improve local ecology.B.To develop rural economy.C.To predict climate patterns.D.To strengthen regional
8、ties.2 .What do the statistics in Paragraph 3 show of the initiative?A.The service period.B.The total budget.C.The targeted groups. D.The expected benefits.3 .How does Elvis Paul Tangem feel about the project?A.Skeptical.B. Worried.C.Confident.D.Satisfied.4 .What message does the author intend to co
9、nvey in the text?A.African countries should stand together.B.The progress of the GGW project is slow.C.Fighting climate change is our top priority.D.Natural disasters are worse than we thought.答案语篇解读本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了“非洲绿色长城”计划（GGW）的实施状况。1 .A推理判断题。根据第二段第一句（GGW是一项非洲人为非洲人设计的生态修复工程。）可知.GGW项目的目的在于改善当地生态。故选A
10、.2 .D推理判断题。根据第三段中的“建立15千米宽.8,000千米长的植物绿化带”，恢复T乙公顷土地”“俘获2.5亿吨二氧化碳”“创造1000万个工作岗位”可知，这峻字都是GGW项目的预期收益。故 选D。3 .B推理判断题。根据最后一段结尾内容（我们几乎没有资金来尽量按想要的那样推动项目。投资者 中间出现怀疑态度，他们不理解该项目.而且非洲国家自己也怀疑，这需要时间审视该项目是不是优势项 目。）可知,Elvis Paul Tangem对该项目是担心的。故选B。4 .B推理判断题。根据第四段（从整体来看，该项目还有很长的路要走。根据联合国防治荒漠化公 约状态报告显示，大约400万公顷退化土地得
11、以恢复。这就意味着恢复1亿公顷的目标仅达成4%。） 可知.作者在本文想传达的信息是:GGW项目进展缓慢。故选B。Passage 2On Friday January 14, 2022, a blast was heard 2,000 km away in New Zealand and 3,300 km away in Australia. Boats crashed into a quiet harbor in Southern California, a remote island was battered in Japan by 4-foot waves and two women we
12、re swept to their deaths on a beach in Peru some 6,000 miles from an undersea volcanic eruption so powerful that the tsunami which it set off stirred ocean waters halfway across the globe.But on Sunday, as reports of the volcanos effect crowded in from far-flung countries, there was little word from
13、 Tonga, the island nation just 40 miles from the site of the extraordinary explosion. As concerns from all over the world grew, the nation of about 100,000 people remained largely cut off from the rest of the world, its undersea Internet cables knocked out of commission by the volcano.In Tonga on Su
14、nday, many residents lost not only communication channels but electric power. Up to 80,000 people there could be affected, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies told the BBC.New Zealand and other nations in the region pledged to give Tonga aid to recover. But with heav
15、y concentrations of airborne ash making flights impossible, just like the Iceland volcanic eruption in 2021, it was difficult even to know what was needed. Ardern, New Zealand Prime Minister, said flights over Tonga were planned for Monday or Tuesday, depending on ash conditions.Tonga has experience
16、d a succession of natural disasters in recent years. In 2018, more than 170 homes were destroyed and two people killed by Cyclone Gita, a Category 5 tropical storm. In 2020, Cyclone Harold caused about $111 million in damage.1 .Which country wasnt affected by Tonga undersea volcanic eruptions?A.Amer
17、ica.B.Japan.C.Peru.D.Iceland.2 .How much area of the sea water did the volcanic eruption stir?A.20%.B.30%,C.50%.D.70%.3 .Which phrase can replace the underlined words “out of commission?A.out of actionB.out of rangeC.out of existenceD.out of account4 .What can be inferred from the passage?A.The Icel
18、and volcanic eruption in 2021 made nearby flights delayed.B.New Zealand as well as other nations in the region gave Tonga aid timely.C.Flights could reach Tonga two days after the eruption.D.The undersea volcanic eruption caused severer damage to Tonga than ever before.答案语篇解读I本文为新闻报道。当地时间2022年1月14日太
19、平洋岛国汤加发生海底火山喷发,致使该 国与外界中断联系.同时引发海啸,影响多个太平洋沿岸国家。1 .D 细节理解题。根据第一段中出现的“New Zealand”“Australia”“Southem Califomia”“Japan”和“Peru”可知,D项（冰岛）未受本次汤加海底火山喷发的影响。2 .C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“the tsunami which it set off stirred ocean waters halfway across the globe”（本次海底火山喷发引起的海啸搅动了半个地球的海水）可知火山喷发搅动了 50%的区 域的海水。故选C.3 .
20、A猜测词义题。根据第二段第二句中的“这个有着大约10万人口的国家仍然在很大程度上与世隔绝”可推知，汤加的海底网络电缆不能使用.故A项（不能工作;停止运转）符合语境。4 .A推理判断题。根据第四段第二句（但是由于空气中高浓度的火山灰使空中航行变得不可能，正如2021年冰岛火山喷发一样，甚至很难知道汤加需要些什么）可推知A项（2021年冰岛火山喷发造成附近航班延误）正确。Passage 3Its no secret that walking is good for you. Many of us are trying to get in those recommended 10,000 steps
21、 a day that our wearable fitness technology urges us to achieve. But how many calories are we actually burning, and how can we get the most out of those steps? Find answers in these ways.Do you know the truth about calorie-burning? Walking is a moderate intensity form of exercise. To get the most ca
22、lorie-burning benefits, then, it would seem that walking at a consistently light pace would make the most sense. Pay attention to your heart rate and how you feel. Wearable technologies can certainly provide an idea of progress toward your calorie-burning goals. Using fitness tracker equipment to he
23、lp you recognize when you reach your target heart rate zones can help you maximize the calorie-burning.Walking is often considered as a great fat-burning exercise, and for good reason. You cant really walk at higher intensities because of the nature of the exercise; therefore, you end up in low-inte
24、nsity zones, where you tend to burn more fat. When youre walking at a lighter intensity with your heart rate in the 57% to 63% range, you are more likely to be using fat for fuel. No matter what your speed is, form matters. When done with good form, walking is an incredibly beneficial form of exerci
25、se for total health and wellness beyond mere calorie-burning. Moreover, walking is the most accessible form of exercise because it doesnt require any special clothes, equipment or memberships.Whether your goal is fat loss, increased fitness or simply enhancing your overall health and wellness, walki
26、ng offers all these benefits and more.1 .What is the purpose of Paragraph 1?A.To introduce the topic.B.To compare walking with other exercise.C.To explain the wearable fitness technology.D.To show the importance of 10,000 steps a day.2 .What does the underlined word “intensity“ in Paragraph 2 mean?A
27、 .Depth.B. Strength.C.Height.D.Distance.3 .What can be inferred from the text?A.Walking at high intensities is recommended.B.Your walking speed is the most important to calorie-burning.C. Walking can burn calories better if you walk in a proper form.D.It is more convenient to walk for those who have
28、 a gym membership.4 .What is the best title for the text?A.Walking 10,000 Steps a Day MattersB.Walking Benefits Your HeartC.How to Best Burn Calories while WalkingD.How to Use Wearable Fitness Technologies while Walking兹室 口木语篇解读本文为说明文。文章介绍了几种充分利用走路消耗热量的方法。1.A推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句（但实际上我们消耗了多少热量并且我们该如何充分利用那
29、些步数呢?用以下方法寻求答案。）可知.第一段的目的在于引出文章主题。故选A。2.B猜测词义题。根据第二段第三句（因此，为了获得最大热量消耗的成效,始终保持以轻快的步伐走路似乎最合理。）可知,走路是一种中等强度的运动形式。故B项（强度）正确。3 .C推理判断题。根据第三段第三、四句（当你以更轻的强度走路心率在57%至63%之间时，你更有 可能在用脂肪作为燃料。无论什么样的速度,形式很重要。）可知C项（如果你以合适的形式走路，走路 就能更好地消耗热量）正确。4 .C主旨要义题。根据第一段最后两句（但实际上我们消耗了多少热量并且我们该如何充分利用那些步数呢?用以下方法寻求答案。）可知C项（如何在走路
30、时最好地消耗热量）符合文章主旨。Passage 4People play the lottery （博彩）in the hope of winning money, sometimes a lot of money. Your chances of winning are small, but the pay-offs can be big. It takes a lot of luck to win. But for a woman in Massachusetts, winning the lottery involved more than luck. It involved extre
31、me honesty and kindness.Lea Rose Fiega accidentally threw out a $1 million lottery ticket. But thanks to the kindness and honesty of the owners of the store where she bought it, she eventually collected her winnings.Fiega bought the $30 Diamond Millions scratch-off ticket in March at a convenience s
32、tore in Southwick, Massachusetts. The store is near her workplace. And it is named the Lucky Stop. She said, “I was in a hurry, on my lunch break, and just scratched it really quickly and it didnt look like a winner.M So, she handed it to the store owners to throw away.The ticket lay in the store fo
33、r 10 days. One evening, I was going through the tickets from the trash and found out that she didnt scratch the number, Abhi Shah, the son of the stores owners, told a local television station. So, he scratched the number. It was a $1 million ticket.Fiega is a regular customer. So, the family knew i
34、mmediately who had thrown it away. Shah went to see her at work. Fiega said, “He came to my office and said, kMy mom and dad would like to see you. She told the young man that she was busy working. But he said, “No, you have to come over.”So, Fiega went to the store and that was when the family told
35、 her the news. I was in total disbelief/ Fiega said. I cried. 1 hugged them.The store gets $10,000 from the state lottery company for selling the winning ticket. Fiega said she gave the family some money to thank them. She is saving the rest for retirement.1 .What made Fiega nearly lose her great fo
36、rtune?A.Greed. B.Kindness.C.Generosity.D.Carelessness.2 .How did Fiega initially expect the store owners to handle her ticket?A.By getting rid of it.B.By selling it to others.C.By keeping a record of it.D.By keeping it fbr her.3 .Why did Shah insist that Fiega go to see his parents?A.To trick her in
37、to going back to their store.B.To divide up the lottery winnings.C.To return the lottery ticket to her.D.To identify the owner of the lottery ticket.4 . Which word best describes the outcome of the incident?A.Unfair. B.Win-win.C.Regrettable.D.Uncertain.林空语篇解读本文为新闻报道。马萨诸塞州诚实善良的便利店老板发现顾客扔掉的彩票中了 100万美元
38、后，完璧归赵。1 .D细节理解题。根据第二段第一句（Lea Rose Fiega意外地丢掉了一张100万美元的彩票。）可知.是Fiega的粗心才使得她差一点与巨额财富失之交臂。故选D。2 .A细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句（所以，她把彩票丢给便利店老板,让他们丢掉。）可知她最初期望店老板处理掉彩票。故选A。3 .C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段（所以Fiega去了便利店，就在那时这家人告诉了她这个消息。我完 全不敢相信,Fiega说，“我哭了并拥抱了他们。“同知Shah坚持让Fiega去见自己的父母，目的是要告诉 她这个消息，并把彩票还给她。故选配4 .B推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，商店得到了州
39、彩票公司的10,000美元奖励。Fiega也拿了一些钱给这家人以表感谢.剩余的存起来,退休后再用。这对双方来说是双赢的结果，故选B。Passage 5Edward O. Wilson, known as “ant man”, was bom on June 10, 1929, in Birmingham, Alabama. His parents divorced when he was young, and he was moved frequently throughout his childhood. Wilson grew up exploring the forests and wi
40、ldlife. One of these adventures left him partly blind, but they also set off his lifelong fascination with ants and their social structures.Wilson earned his bachelors and masters degrees from the University of Alabama. In 1955, he received his Ph.D. from Harvard and worked there until retirement.Wi
41、lsons early study of ants led to his first major discovery in 1959: how ants communicate through the release of chemical signals.Later, in 1990, Wilson and German biologist Bert Holldobler published their Pulitzer-winning The Ants. It detailed the insects9 social structure that was both valued by sc
42、holars and accessible to general readers.Another of Wilsons major works started in the early 1960s when he teamed up with Robert MacArthur. The pair published The Theory of Island Biogeography, where they sought to explain why different places have different numbers of species.What many consider to
43、be Wilsons most important contributions to evolutionary biology came in 1975 when he published Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. The work explored the genetic roots of animal behavior and argued that genes shaped human behavior.Wilson faced accusations for these ideas but his work finally largely pro
44、ved true. In 1978, his ideas on the role biology plays in human culture peaked in On Human Nature, which won him a Pulitzer in 1979.Wilson published more than 400 scientific papers and 30 books. These accomplishments offered him a type of superstar status, but friends and colleagues said the polite
45、Southerner remained down to earth. Professor Wilson really listened to and engaged with whomever he was interacting with,“ said Corrie S. Moreau, who was one of Wilsons final advisees.1 .What contributed to Wilsons passion for ants?A.His accidental disability.B.The discovery he made about ants.C.The
46、 school education he received.D.His boyhood time spent in nature.2 .What is Wilsons first Pulitzer-winning book about?A.The social structure of ants.B.The distribution of different species.C.The links between biology and human culture.D.The role of chemical signals in communication.3 .According to t
47、he last paragraph, which word best describes Wilson?A. Humorous.B.Humble.C.Open-minded.0.Independent.4 . What is the best title of this text?A.The Pioneering Ant Man”B.Discoveries in Evolutionary BiologyC.A Leading Figure in Popular ScienceD.The Adventure of a Pulitzer Prize Winner答案语篇解读本文为记叙文.文章讲述了
48、“蚁人”爰德华威尔逊的生平及取得的非凡成就。1 .D细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句（威尔逊在探索森林和野生动物中长大，其中一次探险致使他失 去了部分视力.但探险也激发了他对蚂蚁及其社会结构的终生迷恋）可知，他在自然界中度过的童年时光 促成了他对蚂蚁的酷爱。故D项正确。2 .A细节理解题。根据第四段（后来，在1990年，威尔逊和德国生物学家Bert HWdobler出版了他们第 一部普利策奖获奖作品蚂蚁。作品详细介绍了这种昆虫的社会结构）可知A项正确。3 .B推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句（这些成就给他提供了超级明星的地位.但朋友和同事们都说这 位有礼貌的南方人仍然很务实）可知,爰德华威尔逊很谦逊，不虚荣。古攵选B。4.A主旨要义题。根据第一段第一句并结合全文可知，本文讲述了“蚁人”爱德华威尔逊的生平及取得 的非凡成就.故A项（开创性的“蚁人”）符合本文主旨。Passage 6Scientists have long sought to prevent sharp memories from dulling with age, but the problem remains unsettled. A