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1、2023新高考新教材版英语高考第二轮复习 专题十推测词义Passage 1Citizens in the poorest counties in the US face a life expectancy up to a decade shorter than citizens in the wealthiest areas, according to a study published in the American Journal of Public Health.Researchers wanted to better understand how socioeconomic （社会经济
2、的）status was associated with healthoutcomes. They classified the countrys 3,141 counties into 50 new “states“ based on average household income as opposed to geographic areas. They broke down the data by county since they found state-level data may hide some impact of socioeconomic differences on bo
3、th the best-off and worst-off counties.Researchers found that there was nearly a 10-year difference in the life expectancy of men with an average of 79.3 years in the wealthiest counties compared to 69.8 years in the poorest. For women, the difference was slightly less-83 years in the wealthiest cou
4、nties and 76 years in the poorest. The study helps show how economic policies and income inequality are associated with health outcomes.“A lot of our work is about connecting the dots,“ said Woolf, the lead researcher. There is a tendency in our country to talk about health issues as medical problem
5、s without realizing that decisions that the new administration will make about economic policy and lowering taxes are all health issues.”While it may seem apparent that higher incomes would lead to better health outcomes, since people will be better able to get preventive medical care and treatment,
6、 Woolf says there are other seemingly unrelated factors that can affect health as well. He said that children who grow up in an economically depressed area with high levels of stress due to financial problems can end up with chronic stress. These children are at increased risk of developing diabetes
7、, heart disease or high blood pressure. kfcA lot of those conditions trace themselves back to childhood exposure,said Woolf.Woolf warns that while they found a connection between socioeconomic status and health outcomes, they did not analyze cause and effect, but they suggested that the data showed
8、that policy-makers should not just focus on state-wide measures but they should fbcus more on targeted efforts to help those most at risk. With limited resources, methods of identifying the poorest counties can assist in the allocation of resources and programs to those communities that are in the g
9、reatest need, Woolf said.l.The data collected by the researchers are based on counties because .A.it is easy to collect data by countyB.the state-level health data are unbelievableC.there is only a small wealth difference among statesD.it can reflect the effect of socioeconomic status on life expect
10、ancy accurately2.By saying “A lot of our work is about connecting the dots”, Woolf means .A.they help connect the government with poor peopleB.their work helps find more factors relating to health outcomesC.they help connect counties with socioeconomic differencesD.their work is to find the relation
11、 between peoples income and life expectancy3 .What does the underlined word “chronic“ in Paragraph 5 mean?A.Long-term.B.Serious.C.Acute. D.Early.4 . Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.Children suffer most from poor family economic status.B.People in poorer counties are less li
12、kely to have a health risk.C.Negative effects of poor economic conditions on people start early.D.Life expectancy of women is not affected by socioeconomic status.5 .What does Woolf tend to indicate in the last paragraph?A.Resource allocation in the US is not fair at all.B.Their study helps find the
13、 poorest counties in the US.C.The government should learn something from the study.D.People still dont know the factor that decides life expectancy.林宏l.D细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话和最后一句话可知,研究人员将数据按县分类是因为它能准确 反映社会经济地位对预期寿命的影响。2.B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“There is a tendency.all health issues.”可知,Woolf说的“我们的很多 工作都是关于连接这些点的”
14、的意思是他们的工作有助于发现更多与健康结果相关的因素。3 .A词义猜测题。根据画线词上文内容可知,画线词所在句表达的是在经济萧条地区长大的孩子由于经济问题而承受着巨大的压力,最终可能会长期都有压力,chronic意为“长期的二4 .C细节理解题。根据第五段最后两句话可知.糟糕的经济状况对人们的负面影响很早就开始了。5 .C态度意图题。根据最后一段中的“but they suggested that.可知,Woolf认为政府应该从他们的研 究中吸取教训。Passage 2Tiny as they are, bats have the ability to “see in the dark by
15、using a special skill called echolocation（回 声定位）.They make noises and wait for sound waves, or an echo, to bounce（反弹）back off objects. They can tell the distance of various objects by how quickly the sound waves bounce back off them. If no sound bounces back, they can then fly forward.This special a
16、bility has been simulated in the human world for a long time, such as in submarines and planes, whose sonar（声呐）systems are somewhat similar to echolocation. But apart from helping vehicles see” where they are, what if blind people could use echolocation for themselves? It turns out that some already
17、 are. American Daniel Kish, who is blind, is known as “Batman”. This isnt because he walks around in a cape and a mask, but because he has a bat-like ability to locate where he is through sharp clicks he makes by moving his tongue against the roof of his mouth. Kish is so skilled at echolocating tha
18、t he can ride a bike and hike on his own.Recently, the research carried out at Durham University in England sheds some light on the power of human echolocation.Kish worked with a group of scientists who studied the way blind people listen to the echoes that they produce from clicks.The team, which c
19、onducted experiments with other volunteers, found that people were capable of hearing even very faint echoes, ones far fainter than had been previously thought.Speaking to The Independent, Lore Thaler, lead scientist of the group, said, “We found that in some conditions, they were really faintabout
20、95 percent softer than the actual clicks, but the echolocators were still able to sense them.”Andrew Kolarik of the University of Cambridge is another expert in echolocation. Reacting to the Durham study, he told BBC News that echolocation can be very useful for providing information at face or ches
21、t height“ and could help people “avoid objects like low-hanging branches that might not get detected by the cane or a guide dog”.Although Kishs skill is remarkable, theres hope for other blind people who want to use echolocation. According to BBC News, echolocation is a skill blind people can acquir
22、e and develop, just like learning a language. As Kolarik said: Teaching echolocation skills could provide blind people with the means of exploring new places.”1 .The underlined word “simulated“ in Paragraph 2 probably means A.discoveredB.copiedC.improvedD.challenged2 .How does Kish locate where he i
23、s?A.By using his great sense of hearing.B.By listening to the echoes produced by his cane.C.Via the echoes from the clicks he makes with his tongue.D.Via the sonar system attached to his body.3 .What did Lore Thalers team find from their studies?A.It is hard for echolocators to sense faint echoes.B.
24、Humans can echolocate better than we thought we could.C.Echolocators can pick up all types of echoes.D.Blind people are better echolocators than those who can see.4 .According to the article, teaching echolocation to blind people .A.will enable them to get rid of their caneB.will improve their abili
25、ty to learn a new languageC.will open up new possibilities for themD.is not easy to put into practice5 .What is the article mainly about?A.A Study on blind people using echolocation.B.Different types of human echolocation.C.The importance of human echolocation.D.Why bats echolocation could be used b
26、y humans.答案l.B词义猜测题。根据下文可知，潜水艇和飞机的声呐系统和蝙蝠的回声定位能力相似，这说明蝙蝠的这种能力在人类的生活中被模仿，所以simulate的意思是“模仿二2.C 细节理解题。根据第三E殳中的“This isnt because he walks around.by moving his tongue against the roof of his mouth.”可知,Kish通过舌头抵住上颗发出的尖锐的咔嗒声来定位自己所在的位置。3.B细节理解题。根据第六段可知,人们甚至能够听到非常微弱的回声，由此可知人类的回声定位能力 比我们想象的要好。4 .C细节理解题。根据文章
27、最后一句话可知,向盲人教授回声定位技术可以为他们提供探索新地方的 方法，即回声定位法可以为盲人开启新的可能性。5 .A主旨大意题。文章介绍了蝙蝠的回声定位法被人类利用，研究发现人类也具有回声定位的能力，这 种能力可以为盲人服务,科学家对盲人使用回声定位进行了研究。所以本文主要介绍了一项对盲人使用 回声定位法的研究。Passage 3Pandas are famously picky eaters. They only consume bamboo-a poor quality diet low in fat. But the creatures appear to have evolved t
28、o get the most out of what they do eat, according to a new study.Their gut （肠道）bacteria change in late spring and early summer when bamboo is at its most nutritious一 while protein-rich green shoots are coming out. The bacteria make the panda gain more weight and store more fat, which researchers sai
29、d may compensate fbr a lack of nutrients later in the year, when bamboo plants have only fibrous leaves to chew.“Weve known these pandas have a different set of gut microbiota during the shoot-eating season for a long time, and its very obvious that they are chubbier during this time of the year, sa
30、id lead study author Guangping Huang, a researcher for the Institute of Zoology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.To investigate how the gut bacteria could affect a pandas digestion, the team first collected the waste of eight wild giant pandas in Chinas Qinling Mountains during both the leaf-eatin
31、g season and the shoot-eating season and then examined how the waste samples differed. They found a bacterium called Clostridium butyricum was more abundant in the pandas guts during the season when they enjoy the fresh bamboo shoots. To understand whether this bacterium helps the pandas gain and st
32、ore weight, the researchers put the panda waste they collected into lab mice. Then they fed the mice for three weeks with a bamboo-based diet that simulated （模仿）what pandas eat. Researchers found the mice that were transplanted with panda waste collected during the shoot-eating season gained signifi
33、cantly more weight than the ones that were not, despite consuming the same amount of food.“The gut bacteria were the only variable （变量）in this research,Wei Fuwen, a co-author of the study, explained. However, Felix Sommer at Christian-Albrechts-University in Kiel, Germany, noted the number of pandas
34、 studied was small and that the experiment had only been performed once. Sommer also stressed the researchers had found a link, not a causal relationship between the bacteria and weight gain.1 .When do pandas get more weight with the change of their gut bacteria? A.In late spring.B.In late summer.C.
35、In early autumn.D.In early winter.2 .What does the underlined word “chubbier in Paragraph 3 mean?A.Smaller.B.Slimmer. C.Taller. D.Fatter.3 .What can we learn from the experiment on mice? A.The experiment lasted for less than three weeks.B.Researchers collected bacteria from the lab mice.C.Panda wast
36、e has a vital effect on mices weight.D.Different amounts of food led to an increase in weight. 4.What is the best title for the text?A.Studies on Eating Habits of Pandas B.Functions of Pandas Gut Bacteria C.Characteristics of Pandas Daily Diet 0.Arguments over Pandas Digestion System 兹安 口语篇解读本文为说明文。
37、一项新的研究表明:大熊猫的肠道细菌有助于它们最大限度地吸收竹子中 的营养。1 .A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“它们的肠道细菌在竹子最富营养的春末和夏初时节发生改变.此时 正是竹子富含蛋白质的绿芽长出来的时候。这种细菌可使大熊猫体重增加并储存更多的脂肪”可知春 末和夏初是大熊猫体重增加的时候。故选A。2 .D猜测词义题。根据第三段中画线单词的前文“我们知道在食芽季节这些大熊猫体内很长一段时间 内有着不同的肠道菌群二再结合第二段第二句（这种细菌可使大熊猫体重增加）可知,大熊猫在吃了 竹子嫩芽之后体重增加,会更胖（fatter）,故选D。3 .C推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句（研究人员发现被移植了食
38、芽季节收集的熊猫粪便的小鼠比那 些未移植的小鼠体重显著增加，尽管进食了相同数量的食物）可知C项（熊猫粪便对小鼠体重有重要影 响）正确。4 .B主旨要义题。根据第一段最后一句（但是根据一项新的研究，大熊猫似乎已经进化了,可以充分利用 它们所吃的东西）以及第二段提到大熊猫的肠道细菌使它们体重增加可知，本文主要讲述大熊猫的肠道 细菌有助于它们最大限度地吸收竹子中的营养。故B项符合文章主旨。Passage 4Making a career out of building with Lego bricks sounds like a dream job. But its the real deal fb
39、r Sean Kenney, who turned his childhood hobby into a full-time career. For more than 15 years Kenney has been creating masterpieces using Lego bricks. His creations have been displayed at museums and zoos around the world, inspiring people of all ages.Like most kids, Kenney spent his free time playi
40、ng with Legos. As he got older, he got trained in his artistic skills as a cartoonist, studying visual arts at Rutgers University. Upon graduation he worked as a graphic designer, often including Lego bricks in his work. It wasnt until a botanical garden in Iowa approached him about making replicas（
41、复制品）of some of its flowers and plants that he made the natural world his subject.“One of the biggest challenges is trying to get the softness of features and the expressiveness of the face right while using blocky Lego bricks,“ Kenney says.To accomplish the tasks, Kenney cooperates with a group of a
42、rtists who work together in teams of two or three to create each sculpture. Most pieces start out as rough drafts on paper, which are then transformed onto graph paper or computer models to plan out the basic shape and size of the animal. The artists then use these blueprints as a point of reference
43、 as they click together Lego bricks to build a prototype（原型）.From start to finish, a single sculpture can take thousands of bricks and many months of labor to complete. Some large sculptures can take up to nine months to construct.While COVID-19 may have an effect on travelling, it hasnt stopped Ken
44、ney from creating new Lego sculptures. For 2022, hes dreaming up a colorful, powerful and playfuF, exhibition called “Nature POPV that gives the natural world a novel spin.1 .What inspired Sean Kenney to focus his works on nature? A.His wonderful artistic skills as a cartoonist.B.His previous work a
45、s a graphic designer.C.Some flowers and plants in the natural world. D.His working experience in a botanical garden.2 .What can be inferred about Sean Kenney?s job? A.It involves much time and teamwork.B.A11 his works feature plants.C.It doesnt require high artistic skills.D.It has been stopped due
46、to COVID-19.3 .What do the underlined words “a novel spin“ probably mean? A.A clear definition.B.A new look.C.An extra burden.D.A fun ride.4 .Where may this text be taken from? A.A travel brochure.B.A novel.C.A science fiction novel.D.A newspaper.答案语篇解读本文为记叙文。文章主要介绍了艺术家肖恩肯尼以其精湛的技艺创作出很多极为逼真的 乐高积木雕塑作品
47、,激励着世界各地各个年龄段的人们。1 .D细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句（直到艾奥瓦州的一个植物园提出请他制作一些花卉和植物的 复制品时,他才把自然界作为他创作的主题）可知在植物园工作的经历启发他将作品创作集中在自然 上.故选Do2 .A推理判断题。根据第四段第一句（为了完成创作任务，肯尼会与一群艺术家合作。每件雕塑作品由 两三个艺术家构成的小组合作完成）以及本段最后两句（从头至尾，单个雕塑品会需要数千块积木和数月 的劳动才能完成。一些大的雕塑品会需要多达九个月的时间来建造）可知.肯尼的工作涉及许多时间和 团队协作。故选A。3 .B猜测词义题。根据最后一段（虽然新冠肺炎疫情影响人们出行，但没有
48、阻止肯尼创作新的乐高雕塑 品。对于2022年,他正在构想一个名为“Nature POP”的哆彩的、有力的、有趣的”展览同知，该展 览会给自然界一个全新的面貌。故选及4.D推理判断题。本文主要介绍了艺术家肖恩肯尼以其精湛的技艺创作出很多极为逼真的乐高积木 雕塑作品.激励着世界各地各个年龄段的人们。因此本文有可能选自报纸。Passage 5When I was 6, my elder brother brought me to the local BMX（自行车越野）track to ride in a kids5 race for the first time. The hill out of the starting gate looked so scary and steep that I backed off. My parents took me back for another try the next week. I fell almost immediately but still managed to win the second place. I,ve loved racing ever since.I turned pro at 15, which isnt possible now: You have to be 17 to com