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1、2023新高考新教材版英语高考第二轮复习专 题 九 推 理 判 断Passage 1In 2007,the African Union announced an ambitious project-to plant the Great Green Wall（GGW）,aband of trees that would stretch the length of the Sahel.The GGW is an ecological restoration project designed by African people for African people.Heavy rain,drough
2、ts,wildfire and landslides have all become common throughout the world.But nowhere is quite likethe Sahel.In this huge African region,climate change has materialized in a dramatic manner.In some cases,the severe conditions have left people with no option other than to migrate elsewhere to survive.It
3、 was withall of this in mind that the extraordinary,but heavily debated project was first put forward.Fourteen years has passed since the initiative formally kicked off.The stated goal was to create a 15-kilometre-wide,8,000-kilometre-long green belt of trees and other plants that,by 2030,would span
4、（跨越）theentire width of the Sahel,from Senegal to Djibouti.Overall,100 million hectares（公顷）of land would berestored by 2030.Once completed,it was announced that the wall could end up capturing（俘获）25（）milliontonnes of carbon dioxide,while its creation and upkeep could create ten million jobs in rural
5、areas.Looking at the project as a whole,there9s still a long way to go.According to a status report by the UNConvention to Combat Desertification,about four million hectares of degraded land have been restored.Thismeans that progress towards the 100 million hectares target stands at just four per ce
6、nt.“When we started restoring the soil,we realized the area at risk was much wider than we initially thought,explains Elvis Paul Tangem,the African Unions GGW coordinator.tWe had few funds to push the initiativeas much as we wanted to.There was skepticism among investors,who didnt understand the pro
7、ject,but alsoamong the African states themselves,which needed time to figure out if the GGW was a priority.1 .What is the purpose of the GGW project?A.To improve local ecology.B.To develop rural economy.C.To predict climate patterns.D.To strengthen regional ties.第1页 共6 7页2.What do the statistics in
8、Paragraph 3 show of the initiative?A.The service period.B.The total budget.C.The targeted groups.D.The expected benefits.3.How does Elvis Paul Tangem feel about the project?A.Skeptical.B.Worried.C.Confident.D.Satisfied.4.What message does the author intend to convey in the text?A.African countries s
9、hould stand together.B.The progress of the GGW project is slow.C.Fighting climate change is our top priority.D.Natural disasters are worse than we thought.答案 语篇解读 本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了“非洲绿色长城”计划（GGW）的实施状况。1.A 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句（GGW是一项非洲人为非洲人设计的生态修复工程。）可知,GGW项目的目的在于改善当地生态。故选A。2.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“建立 15千米宽,8,000千米长
10、的植物绿化带”“恢复T Z 公顷土地”“俘获2.5亿吨二氧化碳”“创造1000万个工作岗位”可知，这些数字都是GGW项目的预期收益。故选 D。3.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段结尾内容（我们几乎没有资金来尽量按想要的那样推动项目。投资者中间出现怀疑态度，他们不理解该项目，而且非洲国家自己也怀疑，这需要时间审视该项目是不是优势项目。）可知,Elvis Paul Tangem对该项目是担心的。故选B。4.B 推理判断题。根据第四段（从整体来看，该项目还有很长的路要走。根 据 联合国防治荒漠化公约状态报告显示，大约400万公顷退化土地得以恢复。这就意味着恢复1亿公顷的目标仅达成4%。）可知，作者在本文
11、想传达的信息是:GGW项目进展缓慢。故选B。Passage 2第2页 共6 7页On Friday January 14,2022,a blast was heard 2,000 km away in New Zealand and 3,300 km away inAustralia.Boats crashed into a quiet harbor in Southern California,a remote island was battered in Japan by4-foot waves and two women were swept to their deaths on a b
12、each in Peru some 6,000 miles from anundersea volcanic eruption so powerful that the tsunami which it set off stirred ocean waters halfway acrossthe globe.But on Sunday,as reports of the volcanos effect crowded in from far-flung countries,there was little wordfrom Tonga,the island nation just 40 mil
13、es from the site of the extraordinary explosion.As concerns from allover the world grew,the nation of about 100,000 people remained largely cut off from the rest of the world,its undersea Internet cables knocked out of commission by the volcano.In Tonga on Sunday,many residents lost not only communi
14、cation channels but electric power.Up to 80,000people there could be affected,the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies told theBBC.New Zealand and other nations in the region pledged to give Tonga aid to recover.But with heavyconcentrations of airborne ash making flights
15、impossible,just like the Iceland volcanic eruption in 2021,itwas difficult even to know what was needed.Ardern,New Zealand Prime Minister,said flights over Tongawere planned for Monday or Tuesday,depending on ash conditions.Tonga has experienced a succession of natural disasters in recent years.In 2
16、018,more than 170 homes weredestroyed and two people killed by Cyclone Gita,a Category 5 tropical storm.In 2020,Cyclone Haroldcaused about$111 million in damage.1 .Which country wasnt affected by Tonga undersea volcanic eruptions?A.America.B.Japan.C.Peru.D.Iceland.2.How much area of the sea water di
17、d the volcanic eruption stir?A.20%.B.30%.C.50%.D.70%.3.Which phrase can replace the underlined words out of commission”?A.out of action B.out of rangeC.out of existence D.out of account4.What can be inferred from the passage?A.The Iceland volcanic eruption in 2021 made nearby flights delayed.B.New Z
18、ealand as well as other nations in the region gave Tonga aid timely.第3页 共6 7页C.Flights could reach Tonga two days after the eruption.D.The undersea volcanic eruption caused severer damage to Tonga than ever before.答案 语篇解读 本文为新闻报道。当地时间2022年 1月 14日太平洋岛国汤加发生海底火山喷发,致使该国与外界中断联系，同时引发海啸,影响多个太平洋沿岸国家。1.D 细节理
19、解题。根据第一段中出现的“New Zealand,lAustralia,HtSouthcm California“Japan”和“Peru”可知,D 项（冰岛）未受本次汤加海底火山喷发的影响。2.C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“the tsunami which it set off stirred ocean waters halfwayacross the globe”（本次海底火山喷发引起的海啸搅动了半个地球的海水）可知火山喷发搅动了 50%的区域的海水。故选C。3.A 猜测词义题。根据第二段第二句中的“这个有着大约10万人口的国家仍然在很大程度上与世隔绝”可推知，汤加的海底网络
20、电缆不能使用，故 A 项（不能工作;停止运转）符合语境。4.A 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句（但是由于空气中高浓度的火山灰使空中航行变得不可能.正如2021年冰岛火山喷发一样，甚至很难知道汤加需要些什么）可推知A 项（2021年冰岛火山喷发造成附近航班延误）正确。Passage 3Its no secret that walking is good for you.Many of us are trying to get in those recommended 10,000steps a day that our wearable fitness technology urges us to
21、 achieve.But how many calories are we actuallyburning,and how can we get the most out of those steps?Find answers in these ways.Do you know the truth about calorie-burning?Walking is a moderate intensity form of exercise.To get themost calorie-burning benefits,then,it would seem that walking at a co
22、nsistently light pace would make themost sense.Pay attention to your heart rate and how you feel.Wearable technologies can certainly provide anidea of progress toward your calorie-burning goals.Using fitness tracker equipment to help you recognizewhen you reach your target heart rate zones can help
23、you maximize the calorie-burning.第4页 共6 7页Walking is often considered as a great fat-burning exercise,and for good reason.You cant really walk athigher intensities because of the nature of the exercise;therefore,you end up in low-intensity zones,whereyou tend to burn more fat.When youre walking at a
24、 lighter intensity with your heart rate in the 57%to 63%range,you are more likely to be using fat for fuel.No matter what your speed is,form matters.When donewith good form,walking is an incredibly beneficial form of exercise for total health and wellness beyondmere calorie-burning.Moreover,walking
25、is the most accessible form of exercise because it doesnt requireany special clothes,equipment or memberships.Whether your goal is fat loss,increased fitness or simply enhancing your overall health and wellness,walkingoffers all these benefits and more.l.What is the purpose of Paragraph 1?A.To intro
26、duce the topic.B.To compare walking with other exercise.C.To explain the wearable fitness technology.D.To show the importance of 10,000 steps a day.2.What does the underlined word“intensity“in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Depth.B.Strength.C.Height.D.Distance.3.What can be inferred from the text?A.Walking at h
27、igh intensities is recommended.B.Your walking speed is the most important to calorie-burning.C.Walking can burn calories better if you walk in a proper form.D.It is more convenient to walk for those who have a gym membership.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Walking 10,000 Steps a Day MattersB
28、.Walking Benefits Your HeartC.How to Best Burn Calories while WalkingD.How to Use Wearable Fitness Technologies while Walking冬u木空第5页 共6 7页 语篇解读 本文为说明文。文章介绍了几种充分利用走路消耗热量的方法。1.A 推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句（但实际上我们消耗了多少热量并且我们该如何充分利用那些步数呢?用以下方法寻求答案。）可知,第一段的目的在于引出文章主题。故选A。2.B 猜测词义题。根据第二段第三句（因此，为了获得最大热量消耗的成效,始终保持以轻快的步
29、伐走路似乎最合理。）可知,走路是一种中等强度的运动形式。故 B 项（强度）正确。3.C 推理判断题.根据第三段第三、四句（当你以更轻的强度走路心率在57%至 63%之间时，你更有可能在用脂肪作为燃料。无论什么样的速度,形式很重要。）可知C 项（如果你以合适的形式走路，走路就能更好地消耗热量）正确。4.C 主旨要义题.根据第一段最后两句（但实际上我们消耗了多少热量并且我们该如何充分利用那些步数呢?用以下方法寻求答案。）可知C 项（如何在走路时最好地消耗热量）符合文章主旨。Passage 4People play the lottery 博彩）in the hope of winning mone
30、y,sometimes a lot of money.Your chances ofwinning are small,but the pay-offs can be big.It takes a lot of luck to win.But for a woman in Massachusetts,winning the lottery involved more than luck.It involved extreme honesty and kindness.Lea Rose Fiega accidentally threw out a$1 million lottery ticket
31、.But thanks to the kindness and honesty ofthe owners of the store where she bought it,she eventually collected her winnings.Fiega bought the$30 Diamond Millions scratch-off ticket in March at a convenience store in Southwick,Massachusetts.The store is near her workplace.And it is named the Lucky Sto
32、p.She said,“I was in a hurry,on my lunch break,and just scratched it really quickly and it didnt look like a winner.So,she handed it tothe store owners to throw away.The ticket lay in the store for 10 days.4tOne evening,I was going through the tickets from the trash and foundout that she didnt scrat
33、ch the number/9 Abhi Shah,the son of the stores owners,told a local televisionstation.So,he scratched the number.It was a$1 million ticket.Fiega is a regular customer.So,the family knew immediately who had thrown it away.Shah went to see her atwork.Fiega said,“He came to my office and said,4My mom a
34、nd dad would like to see you.She told theyoung man that she was busy working.But he said,“No,you have to come over.,第6页 共6 7页So,Fiega went to the store and that was when the family told her the news.I was in total disbelief/Fiegasaid.I cried.I hugged them.The store gets$10,000 from the state lottery
35、 company for selling the winning ticket.Fiega said she gave thefamily some money to thank them.She is saving the rest for retirement.1 .What made Fiega nearly lose her great fortune?A.Greed.B.Kindness.C.Generosity.D.Carelessness.2.How did Fiega initially expect the store owners to handle her ticket?
36、A.By getting rid of it.B.By selling it to others.C.By keeping a record of it.D.By keeping it for her.3.Why did Shah insist that Fiega go to see his parents?A.To trick her into going back to their store.B.To divide up the lottery winnings.C.To return the lottery ticket to her.D.To identify the owner
37、of the lottery ticket.4.Which word best describes the outcome of the incident?A.Unfair.B.Win-win.C.Regrettable.D.Uncertain.套口室 语篇解读 本文为新闻报道。马萨诸塞州诚实善良的便利店老板发现顾客扔掉的彩票中了 100万美元后，完璧归赵。1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句（Lea Rose Fiega意外地丢掉了一张100万美元的彩票。同知.是Fiega的粗心才使得她差一点与巨额财富失之交臂。故选D。2.A 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句（所以，她把彩票丢给便利店老板，让
38、他们丢掉。）可知她最初期望店老板处理掉彩票。故选A。第7页 共6 7页3.C 推理判断题.根据倒数第二段(所以Fiega去了便利店，就在那时这家人告诉了她这个消息。“我完全不敢相信JFiega说，“我哭了并拥抱了他们。可知Shah坚持让Fiega去见自己的父母.目的是要告诉她这个消息，并把彩票还给她。故选C。4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，商店得到了州彩票公司的1(),000美元奖励。Fiega也拿了一些钱给这家人以表感谢，剩余的存起来,退休后再用。这对双方来说是双赢的结果，故选BoPassage 5Edward O.Wilson,known as“ant man”,was born o
39、n June 10,1929,in Birmingham,Alabama.Hisparents divorced when he was young,and he was moved frequently throughout his childhood.Wilson grew upexploring the forests and wildlife.One of these adventures left him partly blind,but they also set off hislifelong fascination with ants and their social stru
40、ctures.Wilson earned his bachelors and masters degrees from the University of Alabama.In 1955,he received hisPh.D.from Harvard and worked there until retirement.Wilsons early study of ants led to his first major discovery in 1959:how ants communicate through therelease of chemical signals.Later,in 1
41、990,Wilson and German biologist Bert Holldobler published their Pulitzer-winning The Ants.Itdetailed the insects5 social structure that was both valued by scholars and accessible to general readers.Another of Wilson9s major works started in the early 1960s when he teamed up with Robert MacArthur.The
42、pair published The Theory of Island Biogeography,where they sought to explain why different places havedifferent numbers of species.What many consider to be Wilsons most important contributions to evolutionary biology came in 1975 whenhe published Sociobiology:The New Synthesis.The work explored the
43、 genetic roots of animal behavior andargued that genes shaped human behavior.Wilson faced accusations for these ideas but his work finally largely proved true.In 1978,his ideas on the rolebiology plays in human culture peaked in On Human Nature,which won him a Pulitzer in 1979.Wilson published more
44、than 400 scientific papers and 30 books.These accomplishments offered him a type ofsuperstar status,but friends and colleagues said the polite Southerner remained down to earth.ProfessorWilson really listened to and engaged with whomever he was interacting with J said Corrie S.Moreau,whowas one of W
45、ilsons final advisees.第8页 共6 7页l.What contributed to Wilsons passion for ants?A.His accidental disability.B.The discovery he made about ants.C.The school education he received.D.His boyhood time spent in nature.2.What is Wilsons first Pulitzer-winning book about?A.The social structure of ants.B.The
46、distribution of different species.C.The links between biology and human culture.D.The role of chemical signals in communication.3.According to the last paragraph,which word best describes Wilson?A.Humorous.B.Humble.C.Open-minded.Independent.4.What is the best title of this text?A.The Pioneering“Ant
47、Man”B.Discoveries in Evolutionary BiologyC.A Leading Figure in Popular ScienceD.The Adventure of a Pulitzer Prize Winner兹u木塞 语篇解读 本文为记叙文。文章讲述了“蚁人”爱德华 威尔逊的生平及取得的非凡成就。1.D细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句（威尔逊在探索森林和野生动物中长大，其中一次探险致使他失去了部分视力，但探险也激发了他对蚂蚁及其社会结构的终生迷恋）可知，他在自然界中度过的童年时光促成了他对蚂蚁的酷爱。故D项正确。第9页 共6 7页2.A 细节理解题。根据第四段（后
48、来，在 1990年，威尔逊和德国生物学家Bert HRldobler出版了他们第一部普利策奖获奖作品 蚂蚁。作品详细介绍了这种昆虫的社会结构）可知A 项正确。3.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句（这些成就给他提供了超级明星的地位，但朋友和同事们都说这位有礼貌的南方人仍然很务实）可知，爱德华威尔逊很谦逊.不虚荣。故选Bo4.A 主旨要义题。根据第一段第一句并结合全文可知，本文讲述了“蚁人”爱德华 威尔逊的生平及取得的非凡成就，故 A 项（开创性的“蚁人”）符合本文主旨。Passage 6Scientists have long sought to prevent sharp memories
49、from dulling with age,but the problem remainsunsettled.A new study published in Scientific Reports suggests virtual reality might help older people recallfacts and events based on specific details.The study involved 42 healthy older adults from the San Francisco Bay Area.Half spent a dozen hours ove
50、rfour weeks playing a virtual-reality game called Labyrinth;they wore headsets and walked in place,walkingvirtual neighborhoods while completing small tasks.The other half,in the control group,used electronictablets to play games that did not require recalling details.After 15 sessions,the latter pe