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1、高中英语高考英语名词常考必考知识点总结带答案单项选择题（精选试题-名师出品）1、 - What impressed you most during your stay in Britain?-I had the of meeting the Queen when she visited our school.A. treatyB. privilegeC. inspirationD. exploration答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一一你在英国逗留期间印象最深的是什么？一一女王访问我们学校时，我有幸见到 了她。A.treaty 条约；B. privilege 特权，荣幸;C. ins
2、piration 灵感;D. exploration 探测。have the privilege of doing sth 很荣幸做某事是固定短语。应选B项。2、While most of us are only too ready to others the cold wind of, we are somehow reluctant togive our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.A. respond to.conflicts. apply to .criticismC. react to.threatD. reply to.superiori
3、ty答案：B解析：考查动词短语辨析和名词词义辨析。句意：我们大多数人只愿意把批评的冷风施加到别人身上，但不知何故 却不愿意把赞美的温暖阳光给予我们的同伴。A. respond to对作出回应，conflict冲突,矛盾;B. apply to 把应用到，把施加到，criticism批评；C.reactto对作出反映，threat威胁;D. reply to M作 出回复，superiority优越，优势。根据while可知，前后两句表示转折关系。所以，the cold wind of和第二句话中的give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise正好相反。
4、和 praise 相反的是“批评（criticism）”。所以应该选Bo apply sth. to sb.意为“将应用到,将施加到。该处指apply the cold wind of criticismto others（将批评的冷风施加到别人身上，即：批评别人）。应选B。3、Lily, why dont join us for camping?领悟；B. perseverance 毅力；C. confirmation 证明，证实；D. achievement 成就。由空前“you must stick to your plan可知，因为要坚持计划，所以空处需用名词perseverance,
5、表示用毅力坚持计划。应选B。29 Police have arrested a in a series of killing in the city.A. suspectB. conflictC. virus答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：警方在该市的一系列谋杀案中逮捕了嫌疑犯。Asuspect嫌疑犯；B.conflict矛盾；C.virus病毒。根据a series of killing in the city”,可知此处是指抓到了一个嫌疑犯。应选A。30、 The gained from this experience has invested my life with new me
6、aning.A. departureB. insightC. proofD. setting答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：从这次经历中获得的领悟在我的生命中赋予了新的意义。A.d即arture离开；B.insight领悟;C. proof证据；D. setting环境；背景。根据new meaning可知，insight领悟符合句意。应选B。31、There are people in the cinema.A. two hundredB. two hundredsC. two hundred of答案：A解析：考查数词。句意：电影院里有两百个人。用hundred (百)表确切数字修饰
7、名词时，hundred不可变为复数形 式，且不需介词就可直接修饰名词。应选A。32、 These measures have been taken with a (n) to increasing the companys profits.A. viewB. intentionC. purposeD. aim答案：A10解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：采取这些措施是为了增加公司的利润。A. view打算；目的；B. intention意图；目 的；C.purpose目的；D.aim目标；目的。短语with a view to表示为了；指望，是固定搭配，而其他选项没 有这样的搭配。应选A。33、
8、The beauty of the scenery of West Lake is beyond.A. collectionB. selectionC. descriptionD. tradition答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：西湖风景之美是无法形容的。A.collection收集；B. selection选择；C. description 描述；D. tradition传统。根据the scenery of West Lake”可知，此处表示西湖的美景无法形容，beyond description为固定短语，意为“难以形容。应选C。34、The police offered a $
9、200 for any information leading to the arrest of the murderer.A. awardB. priceC. rewardD. prize答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：警方悬赏200美元悬赏，以获取可以抓捕凶手的任何信息。A. award奖品、授予; B. price价格；C.reward悬赏金、报酬；D.prize奖品、重要人物。分析语境可知，空格处用reward表示“悬赏 金、报酬符合语境。应选C项。35 A friend of thinks she wont pass the exam.I think she should be
10、lieve in. Thats the secret to success.A. my aunt; herB. my aunts; herC. my aunts; herself答案：c解析：考查代词和所有格。句意：一一我阿姨的一个朋友认为她考试没过。一一我认为她应该相信自己。这是成功的11秘诀。根据语境可知第一空表示我阿姨的一个朋友，应用所有格形式；第二空是固定短语believe in oneself（相信自己）。应选C。36、 Lack of mutual not only gets in the way of your work, but it can also your relatio
11、nships andyour self-esteem.A. comment. differB. respect. damageC. benefit. destroyD. expectation . decorate答案：B解析：考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意：缺乏相互尊敬不仅会阻碍你的工作，还会损害你的人际关系和自尊。comment评论,differ“有区别,有分歧；respect尊敬，damage损害；伤害；benefit“益处；好处”, destroy毁坏；expectation期待，decorate装饰。根据句意，相互不尊重会阻碍工作，也会损害人际关系 和自尊。应选B。小提示：37、Wel
12、l never forget the Zhong Nanshan has made to the fight against COVID-19.A. pressB. donationsC. contributionsD. efforts答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们永远不会忘记钟南山为抗击新冠肺炎疫情作出的贡献。A.press新闻界； B.donations捐赠；contributions贡献；D.efforts努力。根据常识可知，我们永远不会忘记钟南山为抗击新冠 肺炎疫情作出的贡献，空格处意为贡献，应选C。38、 Your suggestions are far from wor
13、thless and they make a good deal of to me.A. differenceB. senseC. influenceD. meaning答案：B 解析:12 考查名词词义辨析。句意:你的建议绝非毫无价值，对我来说很有意义。A. difference差异；B. sense意义；理解力；C. influence影响；D. meaning意思。短语make a good deal of sense to sb表示“对某人很有意义。故 选Bo39、-1 have a sore throat today!-Youd better take advantage of th
14、e tea break to go to.A. chemistsB. the chemistC. the chemistsD. the chemists/答案：c解析：考查所有格的省略及固定用法。句意：一一今天我喉咙好痛。一一你最好利用茶歇时间去一下药店。chemist 为药剂师，药师，在英语中，人们惯常用goto the chemis这一用法来表达去药店，这其实是一个省略 结构，完整的结构是go to the chemists shop （去药师的店铺），省略时注意仅去掉shop,保存定冠词the且 chemist用单数（固定用法），综上此题选C。40、We should make join
15、t efforts, for your contribution will make a to the cause of peace.A. differences. determinationC. commentD. challenge答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们应该共同努力，因为你的贡献将对和平事业产生影响。A. difference区分，不 同；B. determination决心；C ment评论；D.challenge挑战。结合句意可知，此处为固定短语：make a difference有影响,有关系。应选A。41、The first warning was from a
16、 station further in the harbor telling me to stop, that we wereapproaching danger.A. sighB. signC. signalD. image答案：C 解析:13 考查名词词义辨析。句意：第一个警告来自港口远处的一个信号站，告诉我停下来，我们正接近危险。A.sigh 叹气，叹息；B.sign签名，迹象，符号；C.signal信号灯；（无线电）讯号，信号；D.image形象，印象。根据 句意和各项词义，signal station,意为信号站,能对来往船只发出危险、警告等信号，signal作station的定 语
17、，符合语境，应选C项。42、 The curious girl looked at the box and then she opened it out of.A. curious, curiousB. curiously, curiosityC. curiously, curiousD. curiosity, curiously答案：B解析：考查词副词和名词。句意：这个好奇的女孩好奇地看了看盒子，然后出于好奇把它翻开了。A.curious好奇的; curious 好奇的；B.curiously 好奇地，curiosity 好奇心；C. curiously 好奇地,curious 好奇的；D.
18、curiosity 好奇心， curiously好奇地。分析句子结构可知，第一空应填写副词修饰动词looked；根据out of 可知，第二空应填写 名词，out of curiosity意为出于好奇，应选B。43 Many teenagers want to be like Zhong Nanshan when they grow up.A. writersB. engineersC. doctorsD. cleaners答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多青少年长大后想成为钟南山那样的医生。A. writers作家；B.engineers工程师; C doctors医生;D. cle
19、aners清洁工。根据like Zhong Nanshan可知,此处表示想成为医生。应选C。44、The boy gives the policeman a of what happened in the accident.A. descriptions, describee. descriptiveD. descriptively答案：A解析：考查词义辨析。句意：那个男孩向警察描述了事故发生的经过。A.description描述，词性为名词；B.describe14描述，词性为动词；C.descriptive描写的；表达的；为形容词；D.descriptively表达地，为副词。结合题干设
20、空前的冠词，所以此处要用名词。应选A。45 Last week his performance secured him the for Actor of the Year at the Hollywood Film Festival.A. rewardB. prizeC. awardD. bonus答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：上周，他的表演为他赢得了好莱坞电影节的年度最正确男演员奖。reward报酬；奖 励；prize奖金；award”奖；奖品；bonus”额外津贴；红利，根据下文“for Actor of the Year at the Hollywood Film Festiva
21、l”可知，此处说的是“好莱坞电影节的年度最正确男演员奖，应选C。46、 Thanks to the of the experienced worker, we completed the difficult task on time.A. potentialB. bonusC. bugD. guidance答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在经验丰富的工人的指导下，我们按时完成了艰巨的任务。A.potential潜力； B.bonus奖金;C.bug故障;D.guidance指导。结合句意中，经验丰富的工人,可知guidance指导”，符合句意, 应选择D项。47、 Mums Little
22、 Bank was used for sudden, such as the time when Christine broke her arm and had to be taken to a doctor.A. emergenciesB. proposalsC. functionsD. individuality答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：妈妈的“小银行”被用于应对突然发生对的紧急情况，例如当克里斯丁弄伤胳膊并 且不得不带去看医生时。A.emergencies紧急情况；B.proposals建议；C.functions功能；D.individuality个性。 结合下文例如当克里
23、斯丁弄伤胳膊并且不得不带去看医生时可知，上文说的是突然发生的紧急情况，15emergencies紧急情况符合句意，应选择A项。48 Though I was sure of my performance, Km still waiting for of the test results.A. confirmationB. missionC. institutionD. foundation答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我确信自己的表现，但我仍在等待测试结果确实认。A.confirmation确认；B.mission任务；Constitution机构;D.foundation建立。根
24、据句意和语境,可知应是确认测试结果,应选A。49、According to the picture, you can go there.A. when you want to have a restwhen you want to buy somethingB. when you want something to drink答案：A解析：考查名词。句意：根据图片，你可以去那里。图片中文字意思：厕所、休息室。A.当你想休息时；B. 当你想买东西时；C.当你想喝点东西时。可知当你想休息时，你可以去那里。应选A。50、 The government has announced a new to h
25、elp lower the greenhouse gas emissions.A. advisorB. budgetC. initiativeD. perspective答案：C16解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：政府宣布了一项新举措，以帮助减少温室气体的排放。A. advisor顾问；B. budget 预算;C. initiative 建议;新方案；D. perspective 态度。根据announced及to help lower the greenhouse gas emissions”可知，initiative建议；新方案”符合句意。应选C。51、 It was discovere
26、d that children dislike watching their siblings fight. In fact, they respond to by supportingone sibling and pushing the other.A. commentsB. reflectionsC. argumentsD. occasions答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们发现孩子们不喜欢看兄弟姐妹打架。事实上，他们对争吵的反响是支持兄弟 姐妹中的一个，并且排挤另一个。A. comments评论；B. reflections反思，反射；C.arguments争吵；D.occa
27、sions场合，机会。根据前文fight和句意可知，此处指对争吵”的反响。应选C项。52、I want you both to be on your best at Grandads.OK, we will, Mum.A. opportunityB. struggleC. behaviorD. purpose答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一一我要你们两个在你爷爷家好好表现。一一好的，我们会的，妈妈。A.opportunity机会；B.struggle斗争;C.behavior行为,举止；D.purpose目的。根据句意这是妈妈对孩子的告 诫，要求他们注意行为举止。应选C。53、 Aft
28、er the flood, the first thing the government did was to provide for the homeless families.A. accommodationB. qualificationC. occupationD. admission答案：A 解析:17 考查名词词义辨析。句意:洪水过后，政府做的第一件事就是为无家可归的家庭提供住宿。A. accommodation 住宿；B. qualification 资格；C. occupation 职业；D. admission 进入。根据后文“for the homeless familie
29、s指为无 家可归的家庭提供住宿，应用accommodation。应选A。54、The organization assists people based on need and gives the top to those in the most serious andimmediate danger.A. devotionB. divisionC. potentialD. priority答案：D 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：该组织根据需要为人们提供帮助，并对那些处于最严重和最紧迫危险中的人给予优先考虑。A. devotion献身;B. division分开；C.potential潜能;
30、D.priority优先事项。根据后文“those in the most serious and immediate danger指优先考虑处于最严重和最紧迫危险中的人，应用give the top priority too应选Do55、Some students think they enjoy reading just out of interest, but others argue that a better score is their mainA. recognitionB. attractionC. occupationD. motivation答案：D 解析: 考查名词词义辨
31、析。句意：一些学生认为他们喜欢阅读只是出于兴趣，但其他人认为更好的成绩是他们的主 要动机。A. recognition 识别；B. attraction 吸引；C. occupation 职业；D. motivation 动机。根据上文“a better score is their main指更好的成绩是喜欢阅读的动机，应用motivationo应选D。18Thank you, Jack. Its a very kind, but I have to finish my task.A. decisionB. promisee. choiceD. offer答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意
32、：一莉莉，为什么不和我们一起露营呢？一谢谢，杰克。这是一个很好的提议，但 我必须完成我的任务。A.decision决定；B.promise允诺;C.choice选择；D.offer提议。根据上文“Lily, why dont join us for camping?”,可知这时一个提议，应选 DoThe Chinese volleyball team won the World Cup victory, which was beyond our wildest.A. inspirations. expectationsC. invitationsD. cooperation答案：B解析：考查名
33、词词义辨析。句意：中国排球队赢得了世界杯的胜利，这大大超出我们的预料。A. inspiration灵感；B. expectations期望；预料；C.invitations邀请；D.cooperation合作。根据句意可知，中国排球队赢得世界杯的 胜利，所以这出乎我们的意料，beyond ones expectation表示超出某人的预料，应选B。4、 Norris twice knocked down his in the early rounds of the fight.A. opponents. asteroidC. nephewD. triathlete答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析
34、。句意：诺里斯在比赛的前几轮中两次击倒了对手。A. opponent对手；B. asteroid海星；C. nephew侄子；D.triathlete三项全能运发动。根据语境，诺里斯两次击倒的应该是自己的对手，opponent表 示对手符合语意。应选a项。6、The winner will receive of books.A. a ten pound worthB. ten pound worthyC. ten pounds worthD. ten pounds worthy答案：C解析: 考查名词所有格。句意：获胜者将得到价值10英镑的书籍。worth价值，为名词，通常worth后面跟着o
35、f, 而且句子里一般含有具体金钱数额。ten pounds，后接名词，而worthy是形容词，应选C。7、 The coach has in his athletes.A. confidences. competenceC. convenienceD. expectation答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：教练对他的运发动有信心。A.confidence信心；B petence能力；C.convenience 方便；D.expectation期望。由The coach和his athletes可知,句子表示“教练对他的运发动有信心,have confidence in sb.是固定短语，
36、意为“对某人有信心”，应选A。8、 People in this country who have no job can get money from, but it isnt much to live on.A. welfareB. priceC. prizeD. salary答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个国家里，失业者可以从社会福利中得到钱，但靠这点钱生活并不算多。A.welfare （政府给予的）福利；B.price价格；C.prize奖赏；D.salary工资。根据前文“who have no job可知， 因为是没有工作的人，由此可知，此处需用名词welfare,表示从
37、社会福利中得到钱。应选A。9、 We have a lot of for the single mother, for she had to bring up the children on her own.A. confidenceB. ambitionC. courageD. sympathy答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们很同情这个单亲妈妈，因为她必须单独抚养孩子。A.confidence信心；B.ambition 抱负；C. courage 勇气；D.sympathy 同情。 根据后文“for she had to bring up the children on her o
38、wn （因为她必须单独抚养孩子）可知，此处表示我们同情她。应选D。310、 Through this, the disease was stopped in its tracks.A. infectionB. interruptionC. interventionD. intuition答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这种干预，阻断了这种疾病的传播。A.infection感染；B.interruption打,断，暂 停；C.intervention 干预，介入；D.intuition 直觉。结合the disease was stopped in its tracks可知，此处指通过
39、 干预，疾病被阻断传播，应选C项。11 We made him our monitor.戈峨成分是A.宾语B.定语C.状语D.宾补答案：D解析：考查句子成分。句意：我们选他当班长。句子中，动词made为谓语，him为宾语，our monitor意为我们的 班长，对宾语作补充说明，为宾语补足语。应选D。12、Nowadays, when you enter a shopping mall or bank, the staff there will take your temperature at the entrance as a matter of.A. contactB. routineC.
40、 virtueD. manners答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，当你进入购物商场或者银行时，员工会在入口按照惯例给你量体温。A.contact联系;B. routine惯例，常规；C.virtue道德,美德；D.manners礼貌。根据句子分析可知,此处表示 “按照惯例,作为例行公事”,表达为as a matter of routine。应选B。小提示：13、Though David received the from the school basketball team, he didn/t give up his dream and continued practicing
41、hard.A. interactions. companionshipC. cooperationD. rejection答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然大卫遭到了学校篮球队的拒绝，但他并没有放弃自己的梦想，并继续努力练 习。A. interaction 互动；B. companionship 友谊；C. cooperation 合作；D. rejection 拒绝。根据上下文的转折 关系，可知大卫遭到了学校篮球队的拒绝，拒绝（rejection）符合语境和句意，应选D。14、 The only thing he listened to while up was Jazz music
42、, for which he showed a particular.A. grew; preferenceB. was growing; interestC. grown; interestD. growing; preference答案：D解析：考查省略和名词词义辨析。句意：在他成长的过程中，他听的唯一的音乐就是爵士乐，因此他对爵士乐有特 殊的偏爱。while引导时间状语从句时，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同，那么从句的主语和be动词都可 以省略,所以 while （he was） growing。preference （爱好，偏爱的事物）；interest （兴趣）。show a pre
43、ference （表 现出偏爱）。根据The only thing he listened to while up was Jazz music可知，他对爵士乐有特殊的偏爱。应选D。15、- Sir, did you enjoy your stay in our?-Yes, I slept well and I like the breakfast.A. hotelB. schoolC. factoryD. company答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一先生，您在我们酒店过得愉快吗？一是的，我睡得很好，我喜欢早餐。A.hotel 宾馆；B.school 学校；C.factory 工厂;
44、D pany 公司。根据I slept well and I like the breakfast.可知，住的是 宾馆。应选A项。16、 It took all day to transport the furniture to the new.A. debateB. survivalC. civilizationD. apartment答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:把家具运到新公寓花了一整天的时间。A. debate辩论；B.survival生存；C.civilization文明；D.apartment公寓。根据空前the furniture 可知，空处需用名词apartment,表
45、示把家具搬 到公寓去。应选D。17、Can you tell me your for happiness and a long life?Living every day to the full, definitely.A. recipeB. recordC. rangeD. receipt答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一一你能告诉我幸福长寿的秘诀吗？一一充实地过好每一天。A. recipe方法，秘诀; B. record 记录；C. range 范围，界限；D. receipt 收据。根据语境和后文“for happiness and a long life及“Living ever
46、y day to the full, definitely可知，此处指“秘诀。应选 A 项。18、We will be posting a series of regularly form now on so those who read our posts wont beconcerned about us.A. issuesB. updatesC. descriptionsD. schedules答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：从现在开始，我们将定期发布一系列最新消息，以便那些阅读我们的帖子的人不 总挂念我们。A. issues发行；B. updates最新消息;C. descrip
47、tions描写；D. schedules计划6根据句意可知, 为了那些阅读我们的帖子的人不总挂念我们，所以要定期发布一系列最新消息，所以此处表示最新消息， 应用updates,应选B。19、 Weve made our plans, and now we must put them into.A. factB. practiceC. realityD. deed答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们已订好计划，现在必须付诸实施。A. fact事实；B. practice实践；C.reality现 实；D. deed 行动。根据上文Weve made our plans, and now w
48、e must put them into”指把计划付诸实施应用 put into practiceo 应选 B。20、 Is there anything else in that you/d like to share with us?A. particulars. panicC. eagernessD. addition答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：还有没有什么别的你特别要和我们提供的吗？ A. particular特别的，讲究的；B.panic恐慌；C.eagerness渴望;D.addition加法，相加，附加。固定短语in particular相当于副词表示尤其特 别”,符合题意。