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1、高中英语高考英语名词常考必考知识点总结带答案单项选择题（精选试题-名师出品）1、While most of us are only too ready to others the cold wind of, we are somehow reluctant togive our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.A. respond to.conflictB. apply to .criticismC. react to.threatD. reply to.superiority答案：B解析：考查动词短语辨析和名词词义辨析。句意：我们大多数人只愿意把批评的
2、冷风施加到别人身上，但不知何故 却不愿意把赞美的温暖阳光给予我们的同伴。A. respond to对作出回应，conflict冲突，矛盾；B. apply to 把应用到，把施加到，criticism批评；C.reactto对作出反映，threat威胁;D.reply to对作 出回复，superiority优越，优势。根据while可知，前后两句表示转折关系。所以，the cold wind of 和第二句话中的give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise”正好相反。和 praise 相反的是“批评（criticism）”。 所以应该选Bo app
3、ly sth. to sb,意为将应用到,将施加到。该处指apply the cold wind of criticism to others（将批评的冷风施加到别人身上，即：批评别人）。应选B。2、 The official is preparing documents for a four-nation regional meeting on elephant.A. constitutionB. affectionC. conservationD. production答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位官员正在为一个关于大象保护的四国区域会议准备文件。A. constitution
4、构成, 组成；B. affection喜爱；C.conservation保护；D. production生产。这里指关于大象保护的文件。应选C。3、 The murder is still under.A. attempt, investigatingB. attempted, investigatingC. attempted, investigationD. attempting, investigation保存，保持；C.assumption假定;D parison比拟。根据selfless和to duty可知，此处是指对职责的无私奉 献。应选A。29 The university wi
5、ll reach its of 5,000 students next September.A. accountB. benefitC. targetD. process答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这所大学明年9月将到达招收5000名学生的目标。A. account账户；B.benefit利 益；C. target目标；D.process过程。由reach”和5,000 students next September”可知，句子表示这所大学明 年9月将到达招收5000名学生的目标，因此空格处是目标，是target,应选C。30、Some experts claim that the
6、of students should cover more aspects, such as activity involvement andteamwork contributions.A. admissionB. assessmentC. awarenessD. ambition答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些专家称学生评估应该包含更多方面，例如参与活动和团队贡献。A. admission 成认；B. assessment 评估；C. awareness 意识；D. ambition 抱负。zzsuch as activity involvement and teamwork c
7、ontributions.可知，此处是指对学生的评估。应选B。31、There are people in the cinema.A. two hundredB. two hundredsC. two hundred of答案：A解析：考查数词。句意：电影院里有两百个人。用hundred （百）表确切数字修饰名词时，hundred不可变为复数形 式，且不需介词就可直接修饰名词。应选A。32、The government has taken some to solve the problem.10A. measuresB. atomsC. novelsD. peppers答案：A解析：考查名词词
8、义辨析。句意:政府已经采取了一些措施来解决这个问题。A. measures措施；B.atoms原子；C. novels小说；D. peppers甜椒。由to solve the problem”可知,此处指采取措施解决问题。应选A项。33、The beauty of the scenery of West Lake is beyond.A. collectionB. selectionC. descriptionD. tradition答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:西湖风景之美是无法形容的。A.collection收集；B. selection选择；C. description 描述；
9、D. tradition传统。根据the scenery of West Lake”可知，此处表示西湖的美景无法形容,beyond description为固定短语,意为“难以形容。应选C。34、The police offered a $200 for any information leading to the arrest of the murderer.A. awardB. priceC. rewardD. prize答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:警方悬赏200美元悬赏，以获取可以抓捕凶手的任何信息。A. award奖品、授予;price价格；C.reward悬赏金、报酬；D.
10、prize奖品、重要人物。分析语境可知，空格处用reward表示悬赏 金、报酬符合语境。应选C项。35、 As can be seen, in the fierce competition, honesty is a vital of her success.A. evidenceB. criterionC. conceptD. element答案：D解析：11 考查名词词义辨析。句意:正如我们所看到的，在激烈的竞争中，老实是她成功的关键因素。A. evidence证 据；B. criterion标准；C.concept概念；D.element元素。由句意可知，此处说的是她成功的关键要素是诚
11、实。应选D项。36、 Procrastination can often pose to peoples ability their goals successfully, which is evident, forexample, in the fact that it is associated with receiving worse grades at school.A. a question . of pursuingB. an obstacle . to pursueC. a dilemma . to pursueD. a hindrance . to pursuing答案：B解析
12、：考查名词和非谓语。句意：拖延症往往会给人们成功追求目标的能力带来阻碍，这一点很明显，例如，拖延 症与学校成绩较差有关。A.a question . of pursuing问题;追求B.an obstacle . to pursue阻碍；追求C.a dilemma . to pursue困境;追求D.a hindrance . to pursuing”阻碍;追求。固定搭配 ones ability to do sth某 人的做某事的能力，故排除选项A和D。在根据句意，拖延症是会阻碍成功的。应选B。37 Although three teams adopted different to the
13、problem, they all succeeded.A. methodsB. waysC. approachesD. means答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然三个小组对这个问题采取了不同的方法，但他们都成功了。A. methods方法; B ways方式,方法；C.approaches方法；D.means方法。浏览选项可知,四个选项都有方法的意思，但根 据句中“to the problem可知，句中涉及固定短语an approach to sth及 意为“的方法，此时to为介词，而 “method 和“means 不和介词“to 连用，a way to do sth.意为做某事
14、的方法，但这个短语中“to 为不定式符 号，不是介词。应选C项。38 Your suggestions are far from worthless and they make a good deal of to me.A. differenceB. senseC. influenceD. meaning12答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的建议绝非毫无价值，对我来说很有意义。A. difference差异；B.sense意义； 理解力;C.influence影响；D.meaning意思。短语make a good deal of sense to sb表示“对某人很有意义”。故 选
15、Bo39、一 I have a sore throat today!-You/d better take advantage of the tea break to go to.A. chemistsB. the chemistC. the chemistsD. the chemists答案：C解析：考查所有格的省略及固定用法。句意：一一今天我喉咙好痛。一一你最好利用茶歇时间去一下药店。chemist 为药剂师，药师，在英语中，人们惯常用goto the chemis匕这一用法来表达去药店，这其实是一个省略 结构，完整的结构是go to the chemists shop （去药师的店铺），省
16、略时注意仅去掉shop,保存定冠词the且 chemist用单数（固定用法），综上此题选C。40All the indicate that he has been deeply involved in the crime.A. evidenceB. factC. factorD. cause答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有的证据都说明他和这起犯罪事件有很大的关系。A. evidence证据；B.fact事 实；C. factor 因素；D. cause 原因。由下文“indicate that he has been deeply involved in the crime.可知，证
17、据表 明他和这起犯罪事件有很大的关系，所以此处表示证据，应用evidence,应选A。41 More recently, the internationalization of financial markets, the spread of information by electronic media and other aspects of globalization have intensified the to zzsmall, languages.A. threatB. siteC. rangeD. extinction13答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近，金融市场的国
18、际化、电子媒体的信息传播以及全球化的其他方面都加剧了 对小语言的威胁。A.threat威胁;B.site地点；遗址；C.range范围；D.extinction灭绝。根据句意可知,金 融市场的国际化、电子媒体的信息传播以及全球化会促进语言的统一，因此会威胁到小语言，导致其消失。应选AoWorking on this paper is my first step towards becoming a journalist, so this has been for me.A. a successB. succeedC. successD. is successful答案：A解析：考查名词。句意：
19、写这篇论文是我成为记者的第一步，所以这对我来说是成功的。A:a success一件成功的事;B:succeed 成功;C:success 成功;D:is successful 是成功的;结合句意,this 指代上句Working on this paper is my first step towards becoming a journalist,（写这篇论文是我成为记者的第一步）是指的具体一件成功的事，为 抽象名词具体化。应选A。43、Many teenagers want to be like Zhong Nanshan when they grow up.A. writersB. en
20、gineersC. doctorsD. cleaners答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多青少年长大后想成为钟南山那样的医生。A. writers作家；B.engineers工程师; C doctors医生;D. cleaners清洁工。根据like Zhong Nanshan”可知，此处表示想成为医生。应选C。44、The boy gives the policeman a of what happened in the accident.A. descriptionB. describee. descriptiveD. descriptively答案：A 解析:14 考查词义辨析。
21、句意：那个男孩向警察描述了事故发生的经过。A.description描述，词性为名词；B.describe 描述，词性为动词；C.descriptive描写的；表达的；为形容词；D.descriptively表达地，为副词。结合题干设 空前的冠词，所以此处要用名词。应选A。45We are very to meet you here again.A. pleasantB. pleasedC. pleasingD. pleasure答案：B解析：考查名词/形容词词义辨析。句意：我们很高兴在这里再次见到你。A. pleasant （物）令人愉快的、（人）友 好的；B. pleased （人）感到高
22、兴或满意；C. pleasing （物）令人愉悦的;D.pleasure快乐。此处说明主语We 的状态，用修饰形容人的pleased符合句意。应选B项。46、 Thanks to the of the experienced worker, we completed the difficult task on time.A. potentials. bonusC. bugD. guidance答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在经验丰富的工人的指导下，我们按时完成了艰巨的任务。A.potential潜力； B.bonus奖金；C.bug故障;D.guidance指导。结合句意中，经验丰富的
23、工人,可知guidance指导，符合句意, 应选择D项。47、We have all come into the world with a/an in life and we can all contribute to making the world abetter place.A. missionB. substanceC. authorityD. collision答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都带着人生的使命来到这个世界，我们都可以为让世界变得更美好做出贡献。A. mission使命;B.substance物质；A authority权力;D. collision碰撞。根据
24、句意可知，“为让世界变得更美15好而做出贡献应该是我们每个人的使命，mission意为”吏命，名词词性，符合句意。应选A项。48、Is money theof a happy life?A. basisesB. basicC. basisD. based答案：C解析：考查名词。句意:金钱是幸福生活的基础吗？ A. basises名词，basis的复数形式,意为基础;B.basic形容词, 意为基本的；基础的；C.basis名词，意为基础；D. based形容词，意为在居住（或工作）；基地（或 总部）在；为基础的。the basis of的基础，用名词的单数形式。应选C。49、According
25、 to the picture, you can go there.A. when you want to have a restB. when you want to buy somethingwhen you want something to drink答案：A 解析: 考查名词。句意：根据图片，你可以去那里。图片中文字意思：厕所、休息室。A.当你想休息时；B.当你想买东西时；C.当你想喝点东西时。可知当你想休息时，你可以去那里。应选A。50、 Friends can be divided into many. Some are say-hello friends who I call
26、acquaintances. Some are profit-related friends; some are true friends.A. portionsB. qualitiesC. varietiesD. ranges16答案：c 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：朋友可以分为很多种类。有些是打招呼的朋友，我称之为熟人。有些是与利益有 关的朋友；有些是真正的朋友。A. portions局部；B.qualities质量；C.varieties种类；D. ranges范围。根据 “Some are say-hello friends who I call acquaintances. Som
27、e are profit-related friends; some are true friends.”可矢口， 朋友会被分成很多种类。应选C。51、 It was discovered that children dislike watching their siblings fight. In fact, they respond to by supportingone sibling and pushing the other.A. commentsB. reflectionsC. argumentsD. occasions答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们发现孩子们不喜欢看兄
28、弟姐妹打架。事实上，他们对争吵的反响是支持兄弟 姐妹中的一个，并且排挤另一个。A. comments评论；B.reflections反思，反射；C.arguments争吵；D.occasions场合，机会。根据前文“fight”和句意可知，此处指对争吵的反响。应选C项。52、 According to the regulations, you can only borrow a of ten books from the library.A. minimumB. majorityC. messD. maximum答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据规定，你最多只能从图书馆借十本书。A.
29、minimum最小值；B.majority大多 数；C. mess混乱；D. maximum最大值。根据后文of ten books from the library指最多只能从图书馆借十本书, 应用a maximum of最多。应选D。53、 The of penicillin is very helpful in fighting against bacteria.A. generations. statisticC. nutritionD. discovery答案：D17解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意:青霉素的发现对对抗细菌很有帮助。A. generation一代；B.statistic
30、统计;C.nutrition 营养；D. discovery 发现。根据后文“of penicillin is very helpful in fighting against bacteria”指青霉素的发 现，应用discovery,应选Do54、The boss has in solving such a problem.A. many experiencesB. many experiencedC. much experiencedD. much experience答案：D解析：考查名词。句意：老板在解决这样的问题上有丰富的经验。空处为宾语，应用名词，名词experience意为经
31、验时是不可数名词，意为经历时是可数名词，根据句意可知，此处表示有很多经验，不可数名词用much 修饰，应选Do55、As senior three students, we had better follow the as much as possible from our teachers and parents;although they are a bit nagging （唠叨）,indeed we are expected to make in all aspects.A. advice; progressB. advices; progressC. advices; progres
32、sesD. advice; progresses答案：A解析：考查名词。句意：作为高三的学生，我们尽可能多地听取老师和家长的建议；虽然他们有点唠叨，但我们确 实有望在各方面取得进步。advice （建议）和progress （进步）都是不可数名词，应选A。18答案：c解析：考查形容词和名词。句意：这起谋杀未遂事件仍在调查中。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词murder, attempt的形容词是attempted,意为未遂的，under后跟名词作宾语，investigate的名词是investigation, under investigation 意为“在调查中,因此第一空是 attempte
33、d,第二空是 investigation,应选 C。4、The Chinese volleyball team won the World Cup victory, which was beyond our wildest.A. inspirations. expectationsC. invitationsD. cooperation答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国排球队赢得了世界杯的胜利，这大大超出我们的预料。A. inspiration灵感；B. expectations期望；预料；C.invitations邀请；D.cooperation合作。根据句意可知，中国排球队赢得世界
34、杯的 胜利，所以这出乎我们的意料，beyond ones expectation表示超出某人的预料，应选B。5、Since you have no child after ten years marriage, youd better a child from local government forA. adapt; companyB. adapt; friendC. adopt; friendD. adopt; company答案：D解析：考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意：既然你婚后十年没有孩子，你最好从当地政府收养一个孩子做伴。adaptv.适应；adopt V.收养；company n.陪
35、伴；friend n.朋友。根据you have no child after ten years，marriage”可矢口，第 一空是建议收养(adopt)一个孩子，第二空表示收养孩子的目的，for company为固定搭配，表示做伴。应选 D项。6、 In a small wooded valley two towns, both set in beautiful.A. lies; surroundingB. lie; surroundingsC. lay; surroundingD. did lie; surroundings答案：B 解析: 考查倒装句，时态和名词。句意：在一个树木繁茂
36、的小山谷里有两个城镇，都坐落在美丽的环境中。分析句 子可知，表示方位的介副词短语置于句首，句子使用全部倒装，根据句意用一般现在时，lie位于，lay是lie 的过去式，故排除C、D项，主语是two towns,是复数，故谓语动词用复数，surrounding周围的，是形容 词，surroundings环境是名词，形容词beautiful修饰名词surroundings作介词宾语，应选B。7、Yuan Longping devoted his life to the research and development of high-yielding rice, making outstandin
37、g contributions to Chinas food.A. lackB. cuisineC. securityD. purchase答案：C 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：袁隆平一生致力于高产水稻的研究和开发，为中国的粮食平安做出了杰出的贡献。A. lack缺乏；B.cuisine风味；A security平安;D.purchase采购。由语意可知,袁隆平一生致力于研究高产、平安的水稻。应选C项。8、People in this country who have no job can get money from, but it isnt much to live on.A. wel
38、fareB. priceC. prizeD. salary答案：A 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个国家里，失业者可以从社会福利中得到钱，但靠这点钱生活并不算多。A.welfare （政府给予的）福利；B.price价格；C.prize奖赏；D.salary工资。根据前文.who have no job”可知, 因为是没有工作的人，由此可知，此处需用名词welfare,表示从社会福利中得到钱。应选A。9、We have a lot of for the single mother, for she had to bring up the children on her own.A. co
39、nfidences. ambitionC. courageD. sympathy答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们很同情这个单亲妈妈，因为她必须单独抚养孩子。A. confidence信心；B.ambition 抱负；C. courage 勇气；D.sympathy 同情。 根据后文for she had to bring up the children on her own（因为她必须单独抚养孩子）可知，此处表示我们同情她。应选D。10、Nowadays, food safety has become the of the government as well as the soci
40、ety.A. advantages. focusC. companyD. anger答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，食品平安以及成为政府和社会关注的焦点。A. advantage优点；B.focus焦 点；C. company公司，陪伴；D.anger愤怒。根据句意，政府和社会关注食品平安，应选B项。11 My brother is a policeman划线成分是A.主语B.谓语C.宾语D.表语答案：D解析：考查句子成分。句意：我的哥哥是一名警察。句子中，my brother为主语,is为系动词，a policeman”在系 动词后作表语。应选D。12、 The police o
41、rdered him not to leave the city without.A. atmosphereB. baconC. curiosityD. permission答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：警察命令他未经允许不得离开这座城市。A. atmosphere气氛；B.bacon熏肉；C.curiosity好奇心；D. permission许可。由The police ordered him可知，此处应该是“未经允许不得离开这座城 市”,permission符合句意。应选D项。13、Though David received the from the school basketb
42、all team, he didn/t give up his dream andcontinued practicing hard.A. interactionB. companionshipC. cooperationD. rejection答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然大卫遭到了学校篮球队的拒绝，但他并没有放弃自己的梦想，并继续努力练 习。A. interaction 互动；B. companionship 友谊；C. cooperation 合作；D. rejection 拒绝。根据上下文的转折 关系，可知大卫遭到了学校篮球队的拒绝，拒绝（rejection）符合语境和句意
43、，应选D。14、 The only thing he listened to while up was Jazz music, for which he showed a particular.A. grew; preferences, was growing; interestC. grown; interestD. growing; preference答案：D解析：考查省略和名词词义辨析。句意：在他成长的过程中，他听的唯一的音乐就是爵士乐，因此他对爵士乐有特 殊的偏爱。while引导时间状语从句时，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同，那么从句的主语和be动词都可 以省略,所以 while （
44、he was） growing。preference （爱好，偏爱的事物）；interest （兴趣）。show a preference 现出偏爱）。根据The only thing he listened to while up was Jazz music可知，他对爵士乐有特殊的偏爱。应选D。15 As you know, the of any species is largely influenced by its connections with other species.A. evolutionB. conclusionC. appreciationD. association答
45、案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如你所知，任何物种的进化在很大程度上都受其与其他物种的联系的影响。A.evolution 进化；B. conclusion 结论；C. appreciation 欣赏；D. association 联盟。根据句中的“species（物种）”可知, 5“evolution进化符合句意。应选A。16、 It took all day to transport the furniture to the new.A. debateB. survivalC. civilizationD. apartment答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：把家具运到新公寓花了一整
46、天的时间。A. debate辩论；B.survival生存；C.civilization文明；D. apartment公寓。根据空前the furniture 可知,空处需用名词apartment,表示把家具搬 到公寓去。应选D。17、The athletes are anxiously waiting for the final of the game, because it is essential for them to go intothe next round.A. outcomeB. outlineC. comebackD. cooperation答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句
47、意：运发动们正在焦急地等待着比赛的最终结果，因为这是进入下一轮所必需的。 A.outcome结果；B. outline概述；C eback重返；D.cooperation合作。根据句意本句指比赛结果。应选A。18 Toms parents behavior, as well as their words a key effect on him during the past twenty years.A. haveB. have hadC. has hadD. has答案：C解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的20年里，汤姆父母的行为和话语都对他有关键的影响。根据时间 状语during the past twenty years”可知，句子谓语用现在完成时。当as well as”并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就 远原那么，即和behavior保持一致，所以要用第三人称单数形式。应选C。19、 Weve had a few, but were still good friends.A. disagreeB. disagreesC. disagreementD. disagreements6答案：D 解析：考查名词。句意：我们有过一些分歧，但我们仍然是好朋友。分析句子可知，设空处单词在句中作宾语，应 用名词，disagree意为不同意,动词词性，故A和B排除，disagre