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1、第08讲被动语态酸【学习目标】Ifp1、要求学生掌握各种时态的被动语态。2、掌握一些词主动表被动。3、掌握主动语态变被动语态的方法。一.被动语态的时态：1 .一般现在时的被动语态：am /is/ are +动词的过去分词People grow rice in the south of the country.Rice is grown in the south of the country.2 .一般近去时的被动语态：was /were +动词的过去分词The students didnt forget his lessons easily.His lessons were not easil
2、y forgotten.一般将来时的被动语态：will be +动词的过去分词They will send cars abroad by sea.Cars will be sent abroad by sea.3 现在进行时的被动语态：am /is /are +being +动词的过去分词We are painting the rooms.The rooms are being painted.5 .现在完成时的被场语态：have /has +been +动词的过去分词He has brought his book here.His book has been brought here.6 .
3、情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+ be +动词的过去分词You must hand in your compositions after class.Your compositions must be handed in after class.二 .主动语态变被动语态的变法：口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done,时不变，数格必须随被变。注：1,主动、被动的时态要一致。2 .主动、被动的句式要一致。3 .变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。My aunt invited me to her dinner party.主语谓语宾语f Iwas invited （by my aunt）
4、 to her dinner party.主语谓语宾语.特殊情况的被动语态：1、带双宾语的被动语态：动词+ sb（间宾）+sth值宾） 故从句用一般现在时的被动，主语是不可数名词，be动词用is,故填is completed。15. 一When the car（buy）?In 2016.【答案】 was bought【详解】句意：这辆车是什么时候买的？ 2016年。根据“In 2016”可知，本句为一般过去时, 主语和动词之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，结构为was done。故填 was； boughto三、句型转换Someone saw them swim in that
5、 lake yesterday.（改为同 义句）Theyin that lake yesterday.【答案】 were seen to swim【详解】句意：昨天有人看到他们在那个湖里游泳。句子可改为“他们被看到在湖里游泳“，应用一般 过去时的被动语态was/were done,主语是They, be动词用were, see的过去分词是seen, 变被动语态时，省略的动词不定式符号to应还原，be seen to do sth.“被看到做某事”。故填 were； seen； to； swim。16. She will take good care of the children.（改为同义句
6、）The children willher.【答案】be taken good care of by【详解】句意：她会好好照顾孩子们。同义句可表达为“孩子们会由她好好照顾，主语“The children” 是将被照顾的，用一般将来时的被动语态will be done, take变为过去分词taken, her”前用 byo 故填 be； taken； good； care； of； byo17. We will sell all these used books.（改为被动语态）All these used books by us.【答案】 will be sold【详解】句意：我们将卖掉所有
7、这些旧书。根据“will”可知，改为被动语态后，是一般将来时的被动 语态，结构是“will be done”, sell的过去分词是sold。故填will； be； soldo18. We should teach our students some necessary living skills,（改为被动语态）Our students should some necessary living skills.【答案】be taught【详解】句意：我们应该教学生一些必要的生活技能。根据题干要求，将原句改成被动句，此处为含 情态动词should的被动语态，其结构是should be+done；
8、 teach“教”，是动词，其过去分词是 taughto 故填 be； taughto19. Nobody can answer the question.（改为被动语态）The question answered by anybody.【答案】cant be【详解】句意：没有人能回答这个问题。含情态动词can的被动语态构成：主语+can+be+动词过去分 词，由“anybody”可知，句子应是否认句，情态动词用cant故填can、； be。口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，假设把直宾变，to/for间宾连。1）、give/pass /show 与介词 to 搭配。give sb sthsb +b
9、e given sth 或 sth +be given +to sb .He gave me a bookI was given a book by him.A book was given to me by him .2）、buy/make/cook 与介词 for 搭配。buy sb sthsb +be bought + sth 或 sth +be bought +for sbMy mother made me a cake .I was made a cake by my motherA cake was made for me by my mother .2、带省to的不定式作宾补的被
10、动语态：动词+ sb + do sth.口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去，被动语态to回来。动词： make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watchmake sb do sth sb + be +made +to do sthThe boss made the workers work all dayThe workers were made to work all day by the boss.3、在 see /hear /notice /keep +sb +doing sth 句型中变被动语态时，doing 不变。I heard
11、Tom singing just nowTom was heard singing by me just now .4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。We should take care of the old .The old should be taken care of .5、当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否认意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为 anybody,作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否认的被动语态。如：Nobody can answer this question.The question can not be answer
12、ed by anybody.6、以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用by whom放在句首：Who wrote the story?By whom was the story written?四.考前须知：1、有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态：last ,have ,ownbelong to ,suit.fine ,2、不及物动词是没有被动语态：happen ,take place ,appear , hold （容纳）3、系动词是没有被动语态：Look, feel,sound ,smell,taste .The dish tastes good .4、有些词组没有被动语态：sell
13、 well, write well ,ride well,drive wellThis kind of skirt sells well.5、need表示需要时，后面常接doing形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done .All the computers need repairing .=All the computers need to repaired .6、在tooto及enough to结构中有时表示被动意义。The problem is too difficult to solve.届【考点剖析】考点1、一般现在时的被动语态Many accidents by careless
14、 drivers every year.A. were caused B. are causedC. have caused D. caused【答案】B【详解】句意：每年都有许多事故是由粗心的司机造成的。考查时态和语态。根据by careless drivers”可知，主语“accidents”与cause”造成是被动关系, 结合“every year”可知，用一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are+done,主语是复数，be动词用are。 应选B考点2、一般过去时的被动语态A new factory to deal with water pollution last month.A. bu
15、iltB. buildsC. was builtD. is built【答案】C【详解】句意：上个月建成了一个新工厂来处理水污染。考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语Anew factory”是动作build的承受者，结合时间状语“last month”可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态，应选C。考点3、一般将来时的被动语态Many more libraries in our city in the next five years.A. builtB. are builtC. were builtD. will be built【答案】D【详解】句意：在未来五年内，我们城市将建更多的图书馆。考查一般将
16、来时的被动语态。根据in the next five yea田可知，此题是一般将来时；主语“Many more libraries”和谓语“build”之间是被动关系，因此此题用一般将来时的被动语态，结构是 “will be done”。应选 Do考点4、情态动词的被动语态I think students should to do homework with others help.A. allowedB. be allowed C. allowD. be allowing【答案】B【详解】句意：我认为学生们应当被允许在他人的帮助下做家庭作业。考查被动语态。根据I think students
17、 should.to do homework with others9 help.可知，学生们 应当被允许在他人的帮助下做家庭作业，因此用be allowed to do sth.,意为“被允许做某事、 是allow sb to do sth.的被动形式。应选B。【真题演练】Some new airports in the west of our country. It will save our time to go there.A. buildB. will buildC. will be built【答案】C【详解】句意：我国西部将修建一些新机场。去那里会节省我们的时间。考查一般将来时的
18、被动语态。根据It will save”可知此处讲述的是将来的动作，主语airports 与动词build之间是被动关系，表示“将被建”用will be builto应选Co一What a beautiful dress! Perfect for you!一Thank you. It by my mother last month.A. is madeB. was madeC. made【答案】B【详解】句意： 多漂亮的裙子啊！适合你！ 谢谢你。这是我妈妈上个月做的。考查时态和语态辨析。主语“It”指代上文提到的裙子，与动词make之间是动宾关系，此处 用被动语态；再由last month”可
19、知用一般过去时。一般过去时的被动语态结构为was/were doneo 应选 B。1. Mom, I feel a little bit hungry now.These cakes with chocolate. Have some, please.A. are filledB. filledC. fillD. are filling【答案】A【详解】句意：妈妈，我现在觉得有点饿了。这些蛋糕满满的巧克力。请吃一些。考查动词短语。are filled一般现在时的被动结构；行Bed过去式；fill动词原形；are filling J51 在进行时结构；句子主语与动词之间是被动关系，此处应用被动结
20、构，构成短语be filled with“装满”,应选A。2. The play Teahouse by the famous Chinese writer Lao She.A. wroteB. was writingC. was written【答案】C【详句意：著名的中国作家老舍写了话剧茶馆。考查动词的时态和语态。根据主语“The play Teahouse及by the famous Chinese writer Lao She”可知表达被动含义，用一般过去时的被动形式“was written”。应选C。3. Today, many winter Olympic sports even
21、by children.A. enjoyedB. enjoyC. were enjoyed D. are enjoyed【答案】D【详解】句意：今天，许多冬季奥运会工程甚至受到孩子们的喜爱。考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据Today”可知，是一般现在时，根据“by children”可知，表 被动，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。应选D。4. Our sports meeting until the end of July.A. puts offB. will put offC. will be put off【答案】c【详解】句意：我们的运动会将推迟到七月底。考查被动语态。句子主语sports m
22、eeting与动词put off之间是被动关系，应用被动结构，结 合选项可知，C选项是一般将来时的被动，应选C。5. In the big earthquake of Gansu, people to the safe places by the army.A. takeB. tookC. were taken【答案】C【详解】句意：在甘肃大地震中，人们被军队带到了平安的地方。考查被动语态。结合语境可知，句子主语people与动词take之间是被动关系，应用被动语 态，描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时的被动，应选C。6. Im still working because Im still c
23、apable and hope to guide more young people/9 said Wu Mengchao when he.A. is interviewed B. is interviewing C. was interviewed D. was interviewing 【答案】c【详解】句意：吴孟超在接受采访时说：“我还在工作，因为我还有能力，希望能引导更多的年轻人。” 考查一般过去时的被动语态。分析“when he”并结合选项可知，该句为被动语态，根据“said” 可知，该句为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语结构是：was/were+动词的过去分词，“interview” 的
24、过去分词是“interviewed”。应选C。7. The telephone in 1876.A. inventsB. inventedC. is inventedD. was invented【答案】D【详解】句意: 是在1876年被创造的。考查一般过去时的被动语态。句子主语是“ ”， 是被创造的，所以应该用被动语态。 1876年被创造，应该用一般过去时的被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were+ doneo 应选 Do一How long may I your magazine?一For one week. But it mustnt to others.A. borrow
25、; lend B. keep; be lent C. lend; be borrowed D. have; lend【答案】B【详句意：我能借你的字典多长时间？ 一周。但是你不能把它借给其他人。考查动词辨析。borrow借，是瞬间性动词，不能和一段时间搭配使用；keep保存，保持， 是延续性动词；lend借给，瞬间性动词；have拥有。根据第一句话中How long可知，表示 一段时间，要与延续性动词一起连用，排除AC。主语it是动作lend的承受者，用被动语态, 应选Boa【过关检测】选择1. Chinese in schools across the world now.D. was ta
26、ughtA. teachesB. is taughtC. taught【答案】B【详解】句意：现在全世界都在教汉语。考查动词的语态。根据主语“Chinese”与谓语动词之间的关系可知，此处应用被动语态：be+ 过去分词。再根据“now”可知，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。应选B。2. I will go to the party if I.A. will inviteB. was invited C. am invitedD. will be invited【答案】c【详解】句意：如果我受到邀请，我将去参加晚会。考查一般现在时的被动语态。if引导的条件状语从句，主句用的是将来时，从句用一般现在
27、 时；主语力”与动词“invite”之间是被动关系，故此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。应选C。3. Mobile cabin hospital in Pinggu last month.A. builtB. was builtC. will be built D. is building【答案】B【详解】句意：平谷移动客舱医院于上月建成。考查时态和语态。主语Mobile cabin hospital”与动词build之间是动宾关系，结合“last month” 可知用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done。应选B。4. 一Can you tell me whom the pla
28、y in the 1990s?一Sorry, I dont know.A. was written by B. was written C. is writtenD. is written by【答案】A【详解】句意： 你能告诉我这部戏剧是谁在20世纪90年代写的吗？ 对不起，我不知道。考查被动语态。主语the play与动词write是被动关系，根据“in the 1990s”可知应用一般过去 时的被动语态was/were done,排除CD； whom在此被动语态中是动作的执行者，作介词by 的宾语。应选A。5. The 2022 Asian Games in Hangzhou from
29、October 9 to October 15.A. will holdB. was heldC. will be held【答案】C【详解】句意:2022年亚运会将于10月9日至10月15日在杭州举行。考查动词的时态和语态。主语“The 2022 Asian Games”与谓语动词“hold”之间是被动关系，且 2022年10月是将来的时间，因此用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。应选C。6. A new park here next year. Then people nearby can come for a walk.A. will buildB. will be buil
30、t C. has builtD. was built【答案】B【详解】句意：明年这儿会建一个新公园。这样附近的人就可以来散步了。考查被动语态。a new park和build构成被动关系，所以此处应用被动语态。结合next year” 可知，用一般将来时的被动语态(will be done)。应选B。7. How many Chinese astronauts into space since 2003?A. were sentB. sentC. have been sent D. have sent【答案】C【详解】句意：自从2003年以来有多少中国宇航员被送往太空了？考查时态和语态。根据s
31、ince 2003”可知，时态用现在完成时，主语“Chinese astronauts”与谓 语动词“send”之间是被动关系，用现在完成时态的被动语态have/has been done。应选C。8. Lily, will you go to Jennys birthday party this Saturday?一Im not sure. Because I so far.A. havent invited B. wasnt invited C. havent been invitedD. will be invited【答案】C【详解】句意:莉莉，这周六你去参加珍妮的生日派对吗？ 我不确
32、定。因为到目前为止我还 没被邀请。考查动词的时态和语态。haven* invited现在完成时；wasn9t invited 一般过去时的被动语态; havent been invited现在完成时的被动语态；will be invited 一般将来时的被动语态。根据时 间状语“so fab可判断，此处应用现在完成时。“我”是被邀请去参加生日派对，因此应用被动 语态。应选C。9. Our temperature should before entering the public places.A. takeB. be takenC. be taking【答案】B【详解】句意：在进入公共场所之前
33、，我们应该测量体温。考查含情态动词的被动语态。主语Our temperature”与动词take之间是动宾关系，此处是含 情态动词的被动语态should be done。应选B。10. These old people good care of.A. must takeB. must be took C. must be taken D. must be looked【答案】c【详解】句意：这些老人必须得到很好的照顾。考查动词短语和含情态动词的被动语态。take care oMook after“照顾”，主语“These old people”是动作的承受者，此处用“must be done”
34、结构表被动，take的过去分词是taken。应选 Co二、用所给单词的正确形式填空11. Something must(do) to improve their lives.【答案】be done【详句意：必须采取措施来改善他们的生活。分析句意可知，主语和动词之间是被动关系，故应 用被动语态，根据空前must可知，应用含情态动词的被动语态，构成形式为：must be done； do“做”,其过去分词是doneo故填be done。12. The photos can(see) on the Internet by lots of people.【答案】be seen【详解】句意：这些照片可以
35、在网上被很多人看到。主语“The photos”是动作“see”的承受者，用含有 情态动词can的被动语态表示，故填be seen。13. . 一 these trees(cut) down this weekend?一Yes, they are.答案】Are going to be cut【详解】句意： 这些树这个周末要被砍伐吗？ 是的。cut down“砍倒”，动词短语；分析句子 结构可知，“these trees和cut down”之间是被动关系,结合“this weekend”可知，句中时态为 一般将来时，所以此处使用一般将来时的被动语态，根据答句“Yes, they are.”可知，
36、此处使 用be going to be done结构，主语“these trees”是复数，所以be动词使用are,该句为一般疑 问句，所以将are置于句首，首字母大写，动词cut的过去分词为cut,所以第二空使用going to be cuto 故填 Are； going to be cut。14. My boss wont allow me to have two days off unless my work(complete) tomorrow.【答案】is completed【详解】句意：我的老板不允许我休息两天，除非我明天完成工作。主语“mywork”与动词之间是被 动关系，此处用被动语态，句子是unless引导的条件状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”的结构,