《第第03讲动词不定式-（解析版）【暑假自学课】2022年新九年级英语暑假精品课（人教版）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《第第03讲动词不定式-（解析版）【暑假自学课】2022年新九年级英语暑假精品课（人教版）.docx（10页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、第03讲动词不定式小【学习目标】掌握动词不定式的基本形式是一。+动词原形“，有时可以不带。.动词不定式没有人称和 数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状 语。【基础知识】i.动词不定式作宾语。1)、在动词 want,hope,would like,decide,wish,choose,try ,need 等后常用动词不定式作宾语。I hope(hear)from you soon .2)、think/find /feel /make it + adj + to do sthHe found it difficult(get) to sleep.3)、s
2、top to do sth / stop doing sthstop to do sth停下来去做某事stop doing sth停止正在做的事。After working for a long time , He has to stop(have ) a rest.He was very tired , so he had to stop(work).2、动词不定式作宾语补。1)、带 to 的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask / like /would like /teach /tell /want /help +sb +to do sth Please ask him(come) quickl
3、y.2)、省掉 to 的不定式作宾补的动词有：let /make / hear /see /notice /have/watch+sb +do sth注：省掉t。的不定式的句子变被动语态时，需要还原to.He made the baby(stop) crying .The baby was made crying.3、动词不定式作主语1)、动词不定式常可用作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。2)、常用it作形式主语，而将不定式放在句子后面。To do sth + 谓语动词+adj /n = It + 谓语动词+adj / n + to do sthTo get an injection is
4、a little painful.a little painful an injection4、动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语放在被修饰词之后名词或代词+to do（介词）【详解】比照中英文可知，此空缺少“为了”的翻译。结合所给的空格数量，应用in order to表示“为了”, 位于句首的单词首字母要大写，故填In； order； too19 .他想提醒我明天是她的奶奶的生日。She wanted that tomorrow is her grandmothers birthday.【答案】to remind me【详解】固定短语want t。do sth想要做某事；remind“提醒”,
5、是动词；me“我二 代词宾格,作动词 的宾语，故填to； remind； me。20 .周老师告诉他上学不要再迟到。Miss Zhou told himfor schoolagain. 【答案】not to be late【详解】迟到be late for；”告诉某人不要做某事tell sb. not to do sth.。故填 not； to； be； late。注：假设构成的不定式的动词为不及物动词时，其后加上相应的介词。I want a pen to write.I want a piece of paper to write.5、动词不定式与疑问词连用疑问词+ to do sth注：在
6、宾语从句中，假设主从句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+to do sth”.Can you tell me how I can get to the hospital ?Can you tell me the hospital.6、动词不定式可作状语1)、动词不定式可作目的状语，在come / go / leave后面接动词不定式作目的状语。He came here(get)his book.2)、动词不定式可作原因状语，表语形容词(sorry/sad/happy/glad/afraid/pleased)后与动词 不定式连用作原因状语。He was glad(see) his wife
7、.3)、动词不定式可作结果状语，在tooto , not -enough to句型中的动词不定式作结 果状语。He was too tired(walk) on .7、动词不定式作表语be + to do sth注：动词不定式作表语可以和主语的位置互换，且常表将来。Her wish is(become) a doctor .=is her wish .8、动词不定式的否认形式在动词不定式的前面加not.He told me(not stay) here .9、动词不定式符号的省略和保存情况。1)、动词不定式符号的省略情况假设两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个不定式符号不能省略，其余的省掉to
8、.但两者 有比照关系时，to都不能省略。Edison s mother taught him to write and read .I haven t decided to go home or to go to the cinema.2)、省掉不定式而保存动词不定式符号to的情况。Will you take a walk with me ? Im glad to .Would you like to join my birthday party ? I would love to .【考点剖析】考点1、动词不定式作宾语Our teacher promises a class meeting
9、this week.A. to haveB. haveC. hasD. having【答案】A【详解】句意：我们老师容许这星期开班会。考查非谓语动词，to have动词不定式;have动词原形;has动词三单;having现在分词。promise to do sth.“承诺去做某事，应选A。考点2、动词不定式作宾语补足语Our teacher asked us questions in groups when we were in primary school.A. discussB. to discussC. discussingD. discussed【答案】B【详解】句意：当我们上小学的
10、时候，我们的老师让我们分组讨论问题。考查非谓语动词。ask sb. to do sth.“让某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾补，应选B。考点3、动词不定式作主语Its necessary for you the classroom clean, class.A. keepB. keepingC. to keepD. kept【答案】C【详解】句意：同学们，保持教室清洁是必要的。考查非谓语动词。ke叩保持，原形；keeping保持，动名词/现在分词；to keep不定式；kept 过去式。本句是“1六+2句.+能N6+8(10 5出”句式，意为“做某事对某人来说是.”，可知填 不定式作主语。应选C。
11、考点4、动词不定式作目的状语Gu Ailing tries to do everything she can the gold medal for China.A. winningB. to winC. winD. won【答案】B【详解】句意：谷爱凌尽她所能为中国赢得金牌。考点5、“疑问词+动词不定式”结构5. My mother always teaches me how water in my daily life. That really helps medevelop a good habit of using water.A. to saveB. savingC. saved【答案
12、】A【详解】句意：我妈妈总是教我如何在日常生活中节约用水。这真的帮助我养成了用水的好习惯。 考查非谓语动词。save“节约”，根据空前的“teaches”可知，应该用“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾 语，应选A。【真题演练】Have you finished your book report yet?一No, I havent. I plan it this weekend.D. to writeA. writeB. wroteC. writing【答案】D【详解】句意: 你写完读书报告了吗？ 没有。我计划这个周末写。考查动词不定式作宾语。plan to do sth.计划做某事，固定搭配。应选D。
13、1. Students should have outdoor activities every day their eyesight.A. improveB. to improveC. checkD. to check【答案】B【详解】句意：学生们应该每天进行户外活动来提高视力。考查动词不定式和单词辨析。improve提高；check检查。根据“Students should have outdoor activities every day”可知，学生们每天进行户外活动的目的是提高视力，因此需要一个动词 不定式表示目的，结合选项，to improve符合句意。应选B。2. Because
14、of COVID-19, the government advised us to the public places less.A. goingB. to goC. not to goD. go【答案】B【详解】句意：由于C0VID-19疫情，政府建议我们少去公共场所。考查动词不定式。根据句意及less可知，这里考查advise sb to do sth.固定搭配，表示“建议 某人做某事、应选B。3. Its very kind you others when theyre in need.A. for; to help B. of; to helpC. for; helping D. of
15、; helping【答案】B【详解】句意：你真是太好了，在别人需要的时候帮助了他们。考查固定句型。分析句子结构，本句是固定句型“Itis+形容词+of/forsb.+不定式+其他”结 构，it是形式主语，后面的不定式是真正主语，可据此排除后两项；形容人的特征时用介词 of,而for用于指出描述对象。本句kind表示“善良的”,是“you”的特点,应选B。4. His cousin is a humorous man. He makes us all the time.A. laughsB. laughingC. to laughD. laugh【答案】D【详解】句意：他的表兄是个幽默的人。他总
16、是使我们开怀大笑。考查非谓语动词。“make sb. do sth.”意为“使某人做某事”，结合此句型可知，“使某人大笑” 为make sb. laugh”,应选 D。5. The community worker is patient enough to the old how to use Health Code（码）.A. explainB. explainsC. to explainD. explaining【答案】C【详解】句意：社区工作人员有足够的耐心向老人讲解健康码的使用方法。考查非谓语动词。固定搭配：be+形容词+enoughtodosth足够.做某事”，动词不定式作 结果状语
17、，应选C。6. 一What did the teacher say just now?He told us in the river.A. swimB. swimmingC. not to swim D. not swim【答案】c【详解】句意： 老师刚才说了什么？ 他告诉我们不要在河里游泳。考查非谓语动词。固定搭配：tell sb （not） to do sth告诉某人（不）要做某事”,应选C。7. 一My family will go on a trip to Beijing this summer, but we havent decided.一Why not take the high
18、-speed railway?A. when to leave B. how to get there C. which hotel to choose D. how long to stay there【答案】B【详解】句意:今年夏天我们全家要去北京旅游，但是我们还没有决定怎么去。为什么不坐 高铁呢？考查疑问词+动词不定式。decide后接宾语，结合“Why not take the high-speed railway?”可知 没有决定如何去，用“疑问词+动词不定式”结构“how to get there”表示“如何到那里”，在句中 充当宾语。应选B。8. In the past the
19、poor didnt have warm houses .A. to live in itB. to live inC. living inD. to live in them【答案】B【详解】句意：在过去，穷人没有温暖的房子可供居住。考查动词不定式to do作后置定语。根据In the past the poor didnt have warm houses.可知， 此题考查动词不定式to do作后置定语的用法。to live”作后置定语修饰“houses，与houses 构成动宾关系，不及物动词live后须加介词in。应选B。9. The Chinese people are excite
20、d each other that Chinas Shenzhou XIII came back tothe earth safely.A. tellB. tellingC. to tell【答案】C【详解】句意：中国人民激动地彼此相告，中国的神舟十三号平安返回地球。考查非谓语动词。此处填不定式作原因状语，be excited to do sth做某事很激动: 应选C。a【过关检测】选择There is nothing for you.A. worry about B. to worryC. to worry about D. worry with【答案】C【详解】句意：你没什么可担忧的。考查
21、非谓语动词。“Theres nothing for sb to do sth”是固定句型，意为“某人没有什么事要做”, 其中to do为后置定语，修饰nothing；担忧”用worry about来表示。应选C。1. It is better to ask someone for advice than something.A. risk doingB. risk to doC. to risk doing D. to risk to do【答案】C【详解】句意：向人征求建议比冒险去做一些事更好。考查It固定句型和非谓语。“冒险做某事”用“risk doing sth”来表示，动名词作宾语，排
22、除B 和D； “做某事比做某事更好”用1六better to do sth than to do sth”句型来表示，其中动词不定 式作同类比拟。应选C。2. I found interesting the animals.A. that; to feed B. it; to feedC. this; feedD. it; feed【答案】B【详解】句意：我发现喂动物很有趣。考查固定句型。“发现做某事很有趣”用find it interesting to do sth来表示，其中it为形式宾语, to do sth为真正的宾语。应选B。3. When he first took part in
23、 the competition, he didnt know.A. how to expectB. what to expectC. when to expect itD. what to expect it【答案】B【详解】句意：当他首次参加这个竞赛时，他不知道能期待些什么。考查特殊疑问词+不定式。expect“期待”是及物动词，what to expect意为“期待什么，what 充当其宾语。应选B。4. The passengers（乘客彳门的）families were to keep calm as soon as they heard the badnews.A. too sad
24、B. sad enough C. enough sad D. so sad【答案】A【详解】句意：乘客的家人一听到这个坏消息就非常难过，无法保持冷静。考查非谓语动词。so + adj ./adv. + that从句”如此以致于；adj./adv.+enough to do“足够做某事；t。to.“太不能；enough修饰形容词/副词要后置，排除B；根 据“as soon as they heard the bad news”可知此处指“一听到这个坏消息就非常难过，无法保持 冷静”含有否认意义，用too.to.句式。应选A。5. In the past the poor didnt have w
25、arm houses.A. to live in itB. to live inC. living inD. to live in them【答案】B【详解】句意：在过去，穷人没有温暖的房子可供居住。考查动词不定式to do作后置定语。根据In the past the poor didnt have warm houses.可知， 此题考查动词不定式to do作后置定语的用法。to live”作后置定语修饰“houses，与houses 构成动宾关系，不及物动词live后须加介词in。应选B。6. The teacher did all that he could his students
26、with their English.A. helpB. helpedC. helpingD. to help【答案】D【详解】句意：老师竭尽所能来帮助学生学习英语。考查非谓语动词。根据“The teacher did all that he could”可判断，“老师竭尽所能”与“帮助学 生”存在目的关系，介词“to”表示目的，后面用动词原形，这里不定式作目的状语。应选D。7. She doesnt know her feelings.A. to how express B. how express to C. to express how D. how to express【答案】D【详解
27、】句意：她不知道如何表达她的感情。考查“疑问词+动词不定式”结构。结合成分分析和选项可知，此处应用“疑问词+动词不定式” 的结构作宾语，表达“不知道如何表达感胃，的意思。应选D。二、用所给单词的正确形式填空All the passengers took turns(get) on the coach.【答案】to get【详解】句意：所有乘客轮流上车。谓语动词took turns表示“轮流、依次”，在此指排队，动词短语 get on the coach“上大巴车”是排队的目的，应用动词不定式来表示。故填to get。8. The child is old enough(dress) himse
28、lf without his mothers help.【答案】to dress【详解】句意：孩子长大了，可以不用妈妈帮助穿衣服了。dress“穿衣”，此处是结构“盟/.+enough to do sth.、意为“足够.做某事”。故填to dress。9. My father often tells me(not drop) rubbish carelessly.【答案】not to drop【详解】句意：我的爸爸经常告诉我不要随便乱扔垃圾。tell sb.not to do sth,表示“告诉某人不要做某 事”，因此空格处应填入not to drop。故填not to drop。10. It
29、 is impossible for her(finish) reading the book within an hour.【答案】to finish【详解】句意：让她在一小时内读完这本书是不可能的。本句是It is+形容词+for sb to do sth句型， 表示“对某人来说做某事是怎样的“，动词不定式作真正的主语。故填to finish。11. I think this is the very work that we must finish(help) her.【答案】to help【详解】句意：我认为这正是我们必须完成的工作来帮助她。help“帮助”，分析句子可知，“that w
30、e must finish”是定语从句，修饰名词“work”，此处表示“为了帮助她。作目的状语用动词不定式。故填 to helpoMandeep has made up her mind(attend) the course after work.【答案】to attend【详解】句意:曼蒂普已下定决心下班后去上课。make up ones mind to do sth.”下定决心做某事”，空 处用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to attend。12. Mr. Wu has recommended so many interesting books to me, but I havent de
31、cided which (read) first.【答案】to read【详解】句意：吴先生向我推荐了那么多有趣的书，但我还没有决定先读哪一本。此处用“疑问词+ 不定式”结构，在动词后作宾语，故填to read。三、完成句子要想更多地了解世界，我们有必要学好英语。It is to know more about the world.【答案】necessary for us to learn English well【详解】根据中英文提示可知，对某人来说做某事是有必要的：It is necessary for sb. to do sth.,固定 句式； 好好学习英语:learn English
32、welL 故填 necessary for us to learn English wello13. 等下一辆公交车要花很长时间。It took a long time the next bus.【答案】to wait for【详解】It takes/took sb+时间+to do sth”花费某人时间做某事，wait for等待，故填 to wait for。14. 为了筹集足够的钱给那些无家可归者，少年们工作了一整天。collect enough money for the homeless, the teenagers haveworked all day.【答案】Inorder to