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1、第05讲被动语态【基础知识】用法详解：1 .概念：英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者；被动 语态的主语是动作的承受者，理解为“被.结构：被动语态的结构是“be+过去分词”，be动词有时态、人称和数的变化。当不知道动作 的执行者或没必要指出动作的执行者，只强调突出动作的承受者时，用被动语态。被动语态结构：be + Ved时态被动语态结构例子一般现在时am/is/are + Vedam/is/are planted一般过去时was/were + Vedwas/were planted一般将来时will be + Ved 或 be going to be + Ved
2、will be planted, be going to be planted含情态动词can/ may/must/ should/could/ need be + Vedcan/may/must/should/could/need be planted【易错警示】难点(1):动词短语变成被动语态时，要保持完整，不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。如：The old are taken good care of in the old peoples home.老人们在敬老院被照顾得很好。难点(2)：省略to的动词不定式，在被动语态中要还原to。主动语态被动语态主动语态被动语态let sb. dobe l
3、et to domake sb. dobe made to dosee sb. dobe seen to dohear sb. dobe heard to dowatch sb. dobe watched to dolisten to sb. dobe listened to do例句：I noticed him get on the bus.They make me work all day.He was noticed to get on the bus.I am made to work all day.难点(3)：不用被动语态的词，常见的有：1.五感官三变化两发生：look, smel
4、l, taste, feel, sound, become, get, turn, happen, take placeo导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原那么，从句用一般现在时，因此是一般现在时的被动 语态。应选C。27. （ 2021四川师范大学附属中学二模）Were not sure if the environment in our city if more and more people public transportation.A. has been improved; have chosenB . was improved; chooseC. will be improved
5、; choose【答案】C【详解】句意：我们不确定如果越来越多的人选择公共交通，我们城市的环境是否会得到改善。考查时态。分析句子可知，第一个if后引导的是宾语从句，表示“是否“，主句是现在时， 从句遵循“主现从不限”，第二个if引导的条件状语从句，表示“如果”，遵循“主将从现”， 主句用一般将来时will do,从句用一般现在时。应选C。28. （2021 甘肃平凉市蛇恫区教育科学研究所一模）一Do you know 5-G mobile phone?一Yes, ifs said they at present.A. sell wellB. are sold well C. sell good
6、D. are sold good【答案】A【详解】句意：你知道5g手机吗？ 是的，据说它们现在很畅销。考查动词用法。sell well畅销,主动表被动;are sold well被卖的好；sell good错误表达; are sold good错误表达，根据回答可知,此处表达“畅销”,应该用主动表被动，sell well动 词短语。应选A。29. （2021 广西木卯州三模）My hair is too long. It needs.A. cutB. to cutC. cutting【答案】C【详解】句意：我的头发太长了。它需要修剪。考查被动语态。主语it和cut是被动关系，need doin
7、g sth= need to be done,主动形式表被 动。应选C。30. （2021 黑龙江模拟预测）Those kinds of books well. They are popular with teenagers.A. sellsB. was soldC. sell【答案】C【详解】句意：那种书很畅销。他们很受青少年的欢迎。考查动词时态。sell后接副词表示物品的销售情况或卖的状态，用主动形式表被动，句子 是一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形，应选C。31. （2021 山东模拟预测）Gullivers Travels so well that it out in allthe s
8、hops in my town.A. is sold; sell B. sells; sellsC. is sold; is sold D. sells; is sold【答案】D【详解】句意：格列佛游记卖得很好，在我们镇上所有的商店都卖光了。考查动词的时态和语态。根据现於Travels . so well”可知此处讲书卖得好，sell后面 加副词时,用主动形式表被动含义，第一空用sells；再由“itout in all the shops in my town”可知书被卖光，一般现在时的被动语态，第二空用is sold。应选D。32. （2021 新疆模拟预测）This pair of s
9、hoes Mom, and it very comfortable.A. was made with; is feltB. were made from; is feltC. were made by; feelsD. was made by; feels【答案】D【详解】句意：这双鞋是妈妈做的，穿起来很舒服。考查一般过去时的被动语态和动词的第三人称单数形式。be made with用制作的/ 和 一起制作的；be made from由 制成；be made by由某人制成的。this pair of shoes 表示这双鞋，作主语时谓语用单数，根据空后的Mom可知是由妈妈做的，故第一个空用
10、was made by；第二个空表示穿起来很舒服，feel系动词，用主动语态表达被动含义。应选Do33. （2020江苏扬州模拟预测）一How do you like the poem ?一Its a bit too long, butanyway, it well.A. readsB. is readC. is readingD. has read【答案】A【详解】句意：你认为这首诗怎么样？它有点太长了，但不管怎么说，它读起来很好。考查动词用法。当read, write, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词，且表示 主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示
11、被动意义。句中read作不及物动词，表示诗歌读 起来很顺，所以用主动形式；根据句意，可知此句陈述一件事实，用一般现在时，主语为 第三人称it,所以谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式reads。应选A。二、用所给单词的正确形式填空（2022江苏无锡二模）一I really find it difficult to choose one between the two types.Dont worry, madam. Both are made of silk and(wash) easily.【答案】wash【详解】句意： 我真的觉得在这两种类型里面选一种很难。女士，不要担忧。这两种都是 由丝绸制成，
12、也很容易洗涤。分析句子可知此处动词wash可用主动形式表示被动意义。结 合语境，句子应用一般现在时，主语Both为复数意义，因此此空填入wash的原形。故填 washo34. .(2022江苏一模)Its known that glass(feel) much colder than wood in winter. 【答案】feels【详解】句意：众所周知，玻璃在冬天比木头冷得多。根据“glass.much colder than wood in winter.” 可知，陈述的是一个事实真理，因此用一般现在时；feel为感官动词，主动形式表达被动 含义，后接形容词作表语；主语“glass”是第
13、三人称单数，动词用三单形式feelso故填 feel So35. (2022黑龙江,一模) Your mobile phone needs(turn) off while having a meeting.【答案】turning【详解】句意：当开会的时候你的手机需要关机。此处“need”对应的主语是物，应用被动形式， need doing sth表示“某物需要被故填turningo36. (2022内蒙古包头一模)Children should be(educate) in a correct way.【答案】educated【详解】句意：孩子们应该受到正确的教育。educate“教育”，动词
14、；主语“Children”与谓语“educate” 是被动关系，此处用被动语态，含情态动词should的被动语态结构为：should be done。故 填 educated o37. (2022江苏扬州市梅岭中学一模)Dont throw those plastic bottles! They can be. (recycle)【答案】recycled【详解】句意：不要扔那些塑料瓶！它们可以回收利用。主语“they”与动词recycle”是动宾关系，句 子是含情态动词的被动语态(情态动词+be+过去分词)。故填recycled。38. (2022重庆南开中学一模)What people wa
15、nt cannot always(express) in money. 【答案】be expressed【详解】句意：人们需要的东西并不总是用金钱来表达的。根据“What people want”和“express”可 知，是被动关系，用其结构：be+过去分词；再者根据cannot可知，情态动词后接动词原 形，因此be expressed符合句意，故填be expressed。39. （2022广西一模）The old people should be（take） good care of.【答案】taken【详解】句意：老人应该被好好照顾。take good care。仔好好照顾 分析句子可
16、知，主语和动词之 间是被动关系，根据“ should be”可知，此处是含情态动词的被动语态，be后使用动词过去 分词，故填taken。40. （2022,湖北黄冈模拟预测）the magazine（can take） out of the library? 【答案】 Can be taken【详解】句意：这本杂志可以带出图书馆吗？此题主语“the magazine”与谓语动词“take”之间是逻辑 上的动宾关系；根据can可知，是含有情态动词can的被动语态，疑问句结构是：情态动 词+主语+be+过去分词（+其他）？故填Can； be takeno41. （2022江苏无锡市蠡园中学二模）M
17、y boss wont allow me to have two days off unless my work（complete） tomorrow.【答案 1 is completed【详解】句意：我的老板不允许我休息两天，除非我明天完成工作。主语“my work”与动词之间是被 动关系，此处用被动语态，句子是unless引导的条件状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”的结 构，故从句用一般现在时的被动，主语是不可数名词，be动词用is,故填is completed。42. （2022山东临沂一模）It is that laughter can reduce the effects of pain
18、 on thebody, （say）【答案】said【详解】句意:据说笑可以减轻疼痛对身体的影响。此处是it is said that“据说”,固定句型,故填saido.（2022-江苏泰兴市济川初级中学二模）It is reported that some valuable jewellery （steal） the other day.【答案】was stolen【详解】句意：据报道前几天一些珍贵的珠宝被偷了。steal“偷，主语“some valuable jewellery”和谓 语“steal”之间是被动关系，且根据“the other day”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/
19、were done,主语是不可数名词，故be动词用was。故填was stolen。43. (2022江苏江苏二模)The 22nd FIFA World Cup(hold) in Qatar from November 21 to December 18, 2022.【答案】will be held【详解】句意：第22届国际足联世界杯将于2022年11月21日至12月18日在卡塔尔举行。根据 “The 22nd FIFA World Cup及from November 21 to December 18, 2022.”可知，止匕处是般将 来时的被动语态,其结构是will be done的形式
20、,hold“举行”,是动词,过去分词是held, 故填 will be heldo如:The flowers smell nice.花闻起来很香。（不能用 are smelt）Great changes took place in China.中国发生了 巨大变化。（不能用 were taken place）2 . come out, belong to, break out, spread, appear, disappear 也不用被动语态。如：The CD came out yesterday.这个 CD 昨天就发行了。（不能用 was come out）.某些可以和“well, eas
21、ily, smoothly,连用的不及物动词，且主语是物体，不用被动语 态。这类词有：read, write, draw, wash, clean, cook, sell, lock, open, cut。如：This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种笔写起来很流畅。（不能用 is written）This kind of shirt sells very well.这款裙子卖得很好。（不能用 is sold）难点（4）： 一些易混淆的被动语态用法1 .have sth. done=have sb. do sth.请别人做某事如：I have my TV
22、repaired.=1 have someone repair my TV.我请人修 电视。1.1 t is said that. / It is believed that. /It is reported that.据说 / 据认为 / 据报道如：Its said that the library has a long history.据说这个图书馆有悠久的历史。3.grow表示种植时，有被动语态；grow表示成长，生长时，没有被动语态。如：Rice is grown in the south of China.水稻种植在中国南方。Rice grows well this year.水稻今
23、年长得很好。（不能用is grown）4.sth. need / require doing=sth. need / require to be done 需要 / 要求做某事如：The flowers need watering.=The flowers need to be watered. 花需要浇水。难点（5）：带双宾语的动词变被动语态：主动语态被动语态相同结构的动词give sb. sth.give sth. to sb.sb. be given sth.sth. be given to sb.send, pass, show, lend, write, bring, take, t
24、each 等buy sb. sth.buy sth. for sb.sb. be bought sth.sth. be bought for sb.make, sing, cook, mend, get, choose, provide 等例句：1）（主动）He gave me the pen. /He gave the pen to me.（被动）I was given the pen. /The pen was given to me.2）（主动）We bought her the bike. /We bought the bike for her.（被动）She was bought t
25、he bike. /The bike was bought for her.【考点剖析】 考点一：三个时态的被动语态例 1. （2021 陕西西安八年级期末）The park by some terrible behavior of poor visitors last year.A. is damaged B. damagedC. was damaged D. will be damaged【答案】C【详解】句意：去年，一些不文明游客的糟糕行为破坏了公园。考查被动语态。分析句子可知，主语“The park”和谓语“damage”是被动关系，用被动语态， 且根据“last year”可知句子使
26、用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。应选Co例 2. （2021辽宁沈阳八年级期末）一China is getting stronger and stronger.一Yes. So Chinese by more and more foreigners.A. learnsB. learnedC. is learnedD. was learned【答案】C【详解】句意:中国变得越来越强大。是的。所以越来越多的外国人学习汉语。考查时态和语态。根据China is getting stronger and stronger.”可知此处用一般现在时，再由 “by more and mor
27、e foreigners”表示使为者，可推出用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为 am/is/are done。应选 Co例 3. （2021 上海浦东新八年级期末）The mountains with trees in a few years.A. are covered B. are covering C. will coverD. will be covered【答案】D【详解】句意：几年后这些山将被树木覆盖。考查时态和语态。根据时间状语“in a few years”可知I,句子时态是一般将来时，排除选项A 和B；主语“The mountains”与谓语动词“cover”构成被动关系，因此
28、用一般将来时的被动语 态：主语+will be doneo应选Do考点二：带有情态动词的被动语态例4. （2021 甘肃玉门市教育局教育研究室八年级期末）The window must because it is windy.A. closeB. is closedC. be closedD. closed【答案】C【详解】句意：风很大，窗户必须关起来。考查被动语态和情态动词用法。根据“the window”和“close”可知，两者是被动关系；再者根据“must”可知，情态动词后接动词原形，应选C。例5. （2021河北临漳县教育体育局教研室八年级期末）There is something
29、wrong with my radio, can it?A. be mended B. is mendedC. was mended D. mend【答案】A【详解】句意：我的收音机坏了，它能被修好吗？考查含有情态动词的被动语态。此题指代my radio,主语“it”与动词“mend”之间存在被 动关系；又根据“can”可知，这是含有情态动词can的被动语态，结构为：can be+动词的过 去分词，mend的过去分词为mendedo应选A。考点三：被动语态重难点例6. （2021 .黑龙江青冈县教师进修校八年级期末）一What do you think of the movie The Cli
30、mbers?Very wonderful. It is well worth.A. seeingB. being seenC. to see【答案】A【详解】句意： 你觉得电影攀登者怎么样？ 非常精彩。它非常值得一看。考查非谓语动词。see看；be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”，主动形式表示被动意义。应选Ao例 7. （2021 江苏南京八年级期末）一How beautiful this kind of computer is! Where did you buy it?一It in that shop. It well.A. sells; is sold B. sells;
31、 sellsC. is sold; sells D. is sold; is sold【答案】C【详解】句意：这种电脑多漂亮啊！你在哪里买的？ 它在那家商店出售。它很畅销。考查动词的时态和语态。再由It.in that shop.”可知，电脑在商店里被卖，用一般现在时的 被动语态，第一空用is sold；根据“Itwell.可知，此处讲电脑卖得好，sell后面加副词 时，用主动形式表被动含义，主语I俨是第三人称单数，所以第二空用sells。应选C。例 8. （2019广东华南师大附中八年级期末）There is something wrong with my video camera. It
32、needs.A. repairingB. to repairC. repairedD. being repaired【答案】A【详解】句意：我的摄像机出毛病了。它需要修理。考查非谓语。need doing sth =need to be done某事需要被做，主语与动词之间是被动关 系；need to do sth.“需要去做某事”。题中it指的是“摄像机”,和修理”之间是被动关系，故 用 need doingo 应选 Ao例9. （2019广东深圳外国语学校八年级期末）一Peter got seriously in the car accident last week.Yes, he did
33、. And he is in the hospital now.A. was hurt; taken good careB. was hurt; taken good care ofC. hurt; being taken good care ofD. hurt; taken good care【答案】C【详解】句意： 彼得上周在车祸中受了重伤。是的，他是。他现在正在医院接受治疗。考查固定短语和动词时态。get hurt“受伤”,固定短语,排除A、B；根据“ And he is . in the hospital now.可是，他是被照顾的对象，是动作的承受者，应用被动语态，由now可 知，用
34、现在进行时的被动语态,结构为“be being done”，应选C。例10. （2021 黑龙江青冈县教师进修校八年级期末）We are made more confidentby our teacher.A. to beB. beingC. be【答案】A【详解】句意：老师使我们变得更加自信。考查使役动词的被动语态。使役动词make的被动形式是be made to do/be,应选Ao【真题演练】（2022重庆中考真题）His guitar as a gift for him last week.A. buysB. is boughtC. boughtD. was bought【答案】D【详
35、解】句意：他的吉他是上周买给他的礼物。考查时态和语态。主语His guitar”与动词buy之间是动宾关系，结合“last week”可知用一般 过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/weredone。应选D。11. （2022四川成都中考真题）Some groups prizes on April 15, 2022 by the CentralCommittee of the CYLC （共青团中央）.A. were givenB. were givingC. will be given【答案】A【详解】句意：2022年4月15日，局部团体被共青团中央颁奖。考查被动语态。分析句子可知，主语“So
36、me groups”和谓语“give给”之间是被动关系，根据 “on April 15, 2022”可知用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。应选A。12. . （2022四川遂宁中考真题）一More and more high-technology products in China.Yes. Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.A. is makingB. are making C. is madeD. are made【答案】D【详解】句意： 越来越多的高科技产品是中国制造的。是的。我们的国家越来越强大。考查一般现在时被
37、动语态。主语products与动词make之间是被动关系，故此处应用被动语 态，主语是复数形式，助动词用are,应选D。13. （2021 贵州黔西中考真题）一More trees need to be planted in the northwest of ChinaYes. With enough trees, sandstorms （沙尘暴）could.A. protectB. be protected C. stopD. be stopped【答案】D【详解】句意：中国西北部需要种植更多的树木。是的。有了足够的树木，沙尘暴就可以 被阻止。考查情态动词的被动语态以及动词辨析。protec
38、t保护；stop停止。根据“W汕enough trees, sandstorms （沙尘暴）could可知，有了足够的树，沙尘暴才可以被阻止，主语 “sandstorms”与谓语动词“stop”是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此使用被动语态；又因题空前 “could”可知，这里是情态动词的被动语态，结构是“情态动词+be done”。应选D。14. （2021 江苏徐州中考真题）The 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou in September2022.1 cant wait!A. were heldB. will be held C. have heldD. are held【
39、答案】B【详解】句意：第十九届亚运会将于2022年9月在杭州举行，我等不及了。考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据题干，可知主语“The 19th Asian Games（第十九届亚运 会）和其谓语“hold”（举行）之间是被动关系，且题干时间状语“in September 2022”表示的语境是将来时态，因此设空处应用一般将来时态的被动语态，即will be held符合语境，故 选B。15. （2021 内蒙古呼和浩特中考真题）一In China, driving after drinking.一You are right. Thats the law.A. is not allowed; ag
40、ainstB. was not allowed; withC. are not allowed; forD. were not allowed; along【答案】A【详解】句意：在中国，酒后驾车是不允许的。你是对的。那是违法的。考查一般现在时的被动语态和介词辨析。第一处陈述客观事实，酒后驾驶是不被允许的， 所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语driving after drinking是一件事，谓语动词用单数is。against 违反，with 和；for 为了; along 沿着。against the law“违反法律”。应选 A。16. （2021 江苏镇江中考真题）More dinosa
41、ur fossils（化石），including footprints, bones or eggs, could in the future.A. discoverB. be discovered C. have discovered D. be discovering【答案】B【详解】句意：未来可能会发现更多的恐龙化石，包括脚印、骨头或蛋。考查含有情态动词的被动语态。主语More dinosaur fossils是动作discover的承受者，用含 有情态动词could的被动语态表示。应选B。17. （2021 辽宁朝阳中考真题）一 you to Jims birthday party l
42、ast night?一Yes, I was. But I was too busy to be there.A. Did; invited B. Were; invite C. Was; invited D. Were; invited【答案】D【详解】句意：昨晚你被邀请参加吉姆的生日聚会了吗？ 是的，我被邀请了。但我太忙 了，没去。考查一般过去时的被动语态和一般疑问句。根据回答“Yes, I was.”可知，问句应是be动词 开头的一般疑问句，主语是you, be动词那么用were,故排除A、C；主语you和invite之间 是被动关系，表示被邀请，所以用被动语态，第二空应填动词的过去分词。
43、应选D。18. （2021 辽宁盘锦中考真题）If the science fiction into English, it will be populararound the world.A. translatesB. is translated C. translatedD. was translated【答案】B【详解】句意：如果这部科幻小说被翻译成英文，它将会在全世界受到欢迎。考查一般现在时被动语态。if引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现。从句用一般现在时。 主语“the science fiction”与动词“translate”之间是被动关系，故此处应填一般现在时被动语态 is/am
44、/are done 的结构，应选 B。【过关检测】（2021 ,广西平乐县教育局教研室一模）More and more old people good care of atOld Peoples Home now.A. are takenB. takesC. took【答案】A【详解】句意：现在越来越多的老人在老人院得到了很好的照顾。考查被动语态。根据old people”和“take”可知，两者是被动关系，结合“now”，是一般现在 时的被动语态，应选A。19. （2021 黑龙江齐齐哈尔二模）The environment in my hometown is changing becaus
45、e many trees here every year.A. plantedB. are plantedC. were planted【答案】B【详解】句意：我家乡的环境正在改变，因为每年这里都种了很多树。考查一般现在时的被动语态。此题从句的主语“many trees”和谓语动词“plant”之间是被动关 系，又根据every year.”可知，从句是一般现在时，因此这里是一般现在时的被动语态，结 构是“be done”，又因主语是复数，因此be动词是are, plant过去分词是planted。应选B。20. （2021 山东青岛一模）Tea in many different areas
46、 in China.A. is plantingB. are grownC. is produced D. are picking【答案】C【详解】句意：中国的许多不同地区都生产茶。考查被动语态和主谓一致。句子主语是不可数名词“tea”，故be动词用is,排除BD；且主 语“tea”和动词“plant”或“produce”都是被动关系，用被动语态be done。应选Co（2021 贵州毕节二模）一Whos that boy in a black mask in the photo, John?Its my brother. This photo in February when he was
47、a volunteer.A. might takeB. can tookC. is takenC. is takenD. might be taken【答案】D【详解】句意:照片中那个戴着黑面具的男孩是谁，约翰？ 是我的兄弟。这张照片可能是 他在2月当志愿者时拍摄的。考查情态动词的被动语态。此处主语“This photo”和“take （拍照）”之间是被动关系，又根 据“in February when he was a volunteer.”可知，这张照片是过去拍的，且此题含有情态动 词，因此这里是含有情态动词的被动语态，其结构是“情态动词+be+过去分词: 应选D。21. （2021 湖北武汉一模）一 Students a few why and how questions in Ms. Cherfsclass, did you notice that?Yes, I think she wanted to train their abilities o