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1、第07讲宾语从句【基础知识】宾语从句是在主从复合句中作主句的宾语的句子。如Rose said she would visit us sometime next week.露丝说她下星期某时会来看我们。-ii主句 从句（宾语从句）Could you tell me where he is from?你能告诉我他来自哪里吗？I I主句 从句（宾语从句）考点1：引导词的选用.陈述句的引导词用that,常可省略。I am going to meet my net friends in Guangzhou. He said.He said that he was going to meet his ne
2、t friends in Guangzhou.他说他将要在广州见他 的网友。（1） . 一般疑问句的引导词用if/whether（是否）。（后有or、ornot时只用whether）Would you like to play basketball with me? He asked me.f He asked me if/whether I liked to play basketball w汕 him.他问我是否会和他去打篮 球。Is it a fast train or a slowly one? I wanted to know.f I wanted to know whether i
3、t was a fast train or a slowly one.我想知道这是快车还是慢 车。（2） .特殊疑问句的引导词用特殊疑问词。How old are you? They want to know.f They want to know how old you are.他们想知道你多大年纪了。What are you going to do this afternoon? He asked me.一He asked me what I was going to do this afternoon.他问我今天下午要做什么。考点2：语序（宾语从句中从句要用陈述句语序，即从句中的第1动词
4、在主语之后）He asked Jane: Why dont you come?疑问语序（第1动词dont在主语you之前）He asked Jane why she didnt come last night.他问简恩为什么昨晚她不来。陈述语的第1动词didnt在主语you之后）Lucy wanted to know if I could make a cake for you.露丝想知道我是否会为你做个蛋糕。特殊：.What，s wrong with在宾语从句中不变语序。如：I want to know whafs wrong with you.我想知道你怎么啦。.引导词在从句中做主语时，语
5、序不变。如：Jack asked me who would give us the lecture this afternoon.杰克问我谁今天下午会 给我们做报告。（who是引导词，在宾语从句中作动词would give的主语，本身己是陈述语序，不需再 变。）考点3：时态（1） .主句是现在时（一般现在时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句该用什么时 态就用什么时态。“John speaks highly of you. Tom tells me.-Tom tells me that John speaks highly of me.汤姆告诉我约翰高度评价我。（主句用tells, 是
6、一般现在时，从句原时态是speaks,在这里还是用speaks）.主句是过去时（一般过去时，过去进行时），从句只用过去某种相应时态。【详解】句意：你能告诉我长江有多长吗？ 它长约6300公里。考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除A、C；根据“It，s about 6,300 kilometres long”可知上文询问长度，用how long引导宾语从句。应选D。14. D【解析】【详解】句意：打搅一下，你能告诉我怎么去瘦西湖吗？ 你可以在那里乘坐6路公交车。 大约15分钟的车程。考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除AC；根据“You can take No. 6 bus
7、there”可知上句询问应如何去某地，用how引导宾语从句。应选D。15. B【解析】【详解】句意： 你能告诉我人们在中国第一次见面时通常会做什么吗？ 他们通常握手。考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除AC；根据“They usually shake hands” 可知上文询问第一次见面做什么，用what引导宾语从句。应选B。16. B【解析】【详解】句意：你知道琳达的工作是什么吗？ 她是一名教师。考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除A/C选项，主句是一般现在时，从句时态 不受限制，结合回答可知，询问现在的情况，应用一般现在时，应选B。17. D【解析】【详解】句意： 你的邮票
8、太棒了。你能告诉我你在哪里买的吗？哦，我在银行旁边的邮局 买的。考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除A和B选项。根据答语“I bought them in the post office next to the bank”可知，询问在哪里买的，用where引导宾语从句，故 选D。18. C【解析】【详解】句意：我想知道六月是不是去甘肃旅游的好时机。考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除B/D选项；结合“I wonder”可知，从句应 该是问一个问题，而that是引导陈述句，排除A选项，应选C。19. C【解析】【详解】句意： Nancy,你知道话剧茶馆是什么时候写的吗？ 我认
9、为是在1957年。考查宾语从句。who wrote the play嶷谁写的话剧茶馆；what the play Teahouse is about话剧茶馆是关于什么的；when the play嶷was written话剧茶馆是什么 时候写的；why Lao She wrote the play Teahouse老舍为什么写话剧茶馆。根据答语“In 1957”可知,应用when引导宾语从句，应选C。20. D【解析】【详解】句意：你能告诉我怎么去最近的医院吗？ 你可以坐2路公共汽车。考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除选项A、B；根据“You can take No.2Bus.
10、”可知，此处询问交通方式，用how引导宾语从句。应选D。21. D【解析】【详解】句意：我想知道你昨天为什么上学迟到了。运气太差了！我起晚了，没赶上公共 汽车。考查宾语从句。宾语从句需用陈述语序，排除BC；根据“I got up late and missed the bus.可 知，此处解释迟到的原因，应选D。22. D【解析】【详解】句意： 你能告诉我怎么付水果的钱吗？ 你只需在手机上付款即可。考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除AB；根据“You can just pay on the phone”可知此处询问付款方式，用how引导宾语从句。应选D。23. B【解析】【详解】句
11、意： 你能告诉我演讲比赛将在哪里举行吗？ 是的，在语言中心。考查宾语从句。tell后缺少直接宾语，用宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序，排除AC；再由 “Yes, In the language center.”可知问地点，用where引导宾语从句，排除D。应选B。24. B【解析】【详解】句意： 我想知道未来的生活会有什么不同。也许随着太空技术的开展，我们将能 够生活在另一个星球上。考查宾语从句。when何时；how如何，怎样；what什么。根据I wonder.life will be different in the fixture.”可知,此处含宾语从句，从句为主系表结构,不缺主要成分,排除
12、 C；结合答句可知，询问生活会有怎样的不同，用how引导宾语从句。应选B。25. B【解析】【详解】句意： 打搅一下，你知道志愿者什么时候回来吗？ 知道。下星期五。考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除AC；根据答语“Next Friday?可知， 对时间提问，应选B。26. C【解析】【详解】句意：我还没有决定到哪里去度暑假。为什么不选择拉加山？考查宾语从句引导词。how怎样;when何时;where哪里。根据答语Why not choose Laga Mountain”可知，没有决定去哪里度假，所以对方建议去拉加山，应选C。27. D【解析】【详解】句意： 迈克，我想知道我们这个
13、周末去哪里。去博物馆。考查宾语从句的引导词。when什么时候;why为什么；how如何；where哪里。根据“To the museum.”可知，此处询问这个周末我们去哪里，用疑问词where,应选D。28. A【解析】【详解】句意：嗨，杰克。你知道是谁把我的钱包送回来的吗？我想亲自感谢他或她。不 知道，只是放在前台了。考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除B；根据“I want to thank him or her in person.”可 知，此处是问谁把我的钱包送回来的，用Who引导的宾语从句，应选A。29. B【解析】【详解】句意：打搅了，你知道我去哪里能买到药吗？我感冒了。考查宾语
14、从句。宾语从句首先根据句意，去哪里买药，所以特殊疑问词应该是where,宾 语从句要用陈述句语序，主谓语序，所以应该是where lean。应选B。30. A【解析】【详句意：我不知道视频会议什么时候结束。昨天下午3点。考查宾语从句。根据英语语法，宾语从句应用陈述句语序，B、D选项可排除。根据答句 “At 3: 00 p.m. yesterday”可知，此处是在对时间进行提问，故宾语从句应用when引导，故 选AoA【解析】【详解】句意：我想知道是否明天他有时间。如果他有空，我会邀请他在我们学校演讲。考查动词的时态。动词“wonder”后是“if ”引导宾语从句，表达“是否明天他有时间:根据
15、“tomorrow”可知从句是一般将来时，动词用“w川have”。后半句是“if引导的条件状语从 句，主句用一般将来时，从句是一般现在时表示将来，表达“如果他有空”，be动词用 “is。应选 A。31. D【解析】【详解】句意： 丹尼尔，关于中国还有什么你想知道的吗？ 是的，我还在想中国人怎么用 筷子。考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除A和C；根据“I am still wondering”可知,是提 出一个问题，B项在陈述事实，排除B。应选D。32. A【解析】【详解】句意：我们明天去野餐吧。酷！但是首先我们必须了解明天的天气情况。下雨的 时候我们不能玩。考查宾语从句。what the
16、weather will be like天气将会怎么样；where we will go我们要去哪 里；whether to go by car or by bike是开车去还是骑自行车去；who we will go with我们将和 谁一起去。根据But first we must find out.tomorrow. We cant have fun when it rains.可知， 要先了解天气情况，应选A。33. B【解析】【详解】句意：Frank可以向我们展示水是如何穿过树叶的。它是令人惊奇的。考查宾语从句。根据“Frank can show us.”可知，此句为宾语从句，宾语从
17、句使用陈述语 序，其语序为“引导词+主语+谓语”，选项A、C与D都是疑问语序。应选B。34. D【解析】【详解】句意： 你能告诉我为什么袁隆平被称为“杂交水稻之父”吗？ 因为他帮助许多国家 种植了更多的水稻。考查宾语从句。根据“ten me”可知，本句是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，可排除ABC选项。 应选DoC【解析】【详解】句意：我想知道我们应该做些什么来保护我们的环境。考查宾语从句。此题考查宾语从句，从句局部使用陈述语序；观察所给选项可知，选项A 和C是疑问语序；选项B的陈述语序应为：When the Silk Road startedo只有选项C符合要 求。应选C。35. A【解析】【详解】
18、句意：你知道中国共青团会议什么时候开始吗？ 2022年5月4日，只剩下21天 了。考查宾语从句。know后缺少宾语，所以空处应是宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除C、D 选项；根据“There are only 21days left.”可知，从句的时态应用一般将来时，排除B选项。应选AoB【解析】【详解】句意：Henry对你说了什么？ 他问我为什么这么喜欢北京烤鸭。考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除AC；主句是过去时，从句时态遵循 “主过从必过”，故从句用过去的某种时态，排除D。应选B。36. C【解析】【详解】句意： 很快就要轮到蒂娜在演出中表演了，但是我找不到她。你知道她去了哪里
19、吗？ 我刚才在洗手间遇见了她。考查宾语从句和现在完成时。此处为宾语从句，应用陈述句语序。这里强调影响，所以应 用现在完成时，应选C。37. A【解析】【详解】句意: 朱迪，你能告诉我你在哪里买的书包吗?哦,好的。我是在网上买的。考查宾语从句。根据“could you tell me”可知此题考查宾语从句，宾语从句应用陈述句语 序，C、D选项是疑问语序，应该排除；由答语“I bought it on the Internet”,可知句子时态为 一般过去时，并且针对地点提问，B选项是一般将来时，所以B选项错误。A项为where +陈述语序，时态是一般过去时。应选A。“When shall we h
20、ave the meeting?” The boy asked.f The boy asked when they should have the meeting.男孩问他们应该什么时候开会。(主句用asked,是一般过去时，从句用相应的某种过去时，这里shallf should)(3).从句表示客观真理或事实时，主句即使用过去时，从句仍然用一般现在时。“The earth goes around the sun. The teacher told the students.f The teacher told the students that the earth goes around t
21、he sun.老师告诉学生们地球绕 着太阳走。(主句用told,为一般过去时，但从句中the earth goes around the sun是客观事实，所以 时态还用一般现在时，不用变)Jim asked me whether the light travels faster than the sound.考点4.宾语从句的注意问题(1)宾语从句与简单句的转换：当宾语从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，从句可以简化为 “疑问词+不定式”结构。如：I dont know what I should do next. =1 dont know what to do next.我不知道接下来要做什 么
22、。(2)宾语从句的否认转移：如果主句谓语动词think, suppose, believe等后接宾语从句， 且主句的主语是第一人称，变否认句时应否认主句。如：I dont think you are right.我认为 你不对。【考点剖析】考点一：引导词的选用例 1. (2021 辽宁沈阳二模)一Can you tell me to deal with stress?一I think one way to cancel out stress is through positive thinking.A. whereB. whyC. howD. whenC【解析】句意： 你能告诉我如何应对压力吗
23、？ 我认为消除压力的一种方法是积极思考。考查宾语从句的连接词。where哪里；why为什么；how如何；when什么时候。根据“I think one way to cancel out stress is through positive thinking.”可知，此处指应对压力的方法， 使用how引导宾语从句。应选C。例 2. （2022广西南宁二模）一The manned spaceship Shenzhou-13 has already returned to the Earth. Do you know?一On April 16th.A. where it landedB. how
24、it landedC. when it landedC【解析】 句意：一一神舟13号载人航天飞船已经返回地球了。你知道它什么时候着陆吗？ 在4 月16日。考查宾语从句。根据答句“On April 16th”可知，问句在提问神舟13号返回地球的时间。故 选C。考点二：语序和时态例 3. （2020广西,南宁十四中三模）Could you please tell me?A. what did Peter sayB. what Peter saysC. what Peter saidD. what does Peter say1. C【解析】句意：你能告诉我彼得说了什么吗？考查宾语从句。分析句子结构
25、可知本句包含一个宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序，所以选 项A和D语序不对；结合语境和选项可知此题的宾语从句用一般过去时表示“彼得曾经说 过的话”。应选C。例4. （2022内蒙古呼伦贝尔市海拉尔区教育研修中心一模）The scientist found out that light much faster than sound.A. travelsB. travelingC. traveledD. to travelA【解析】句意：科学家发现光的传播速度比声音快。考查动词第三人称单数。travel“传播”，宾语从句中，主句是一般过去时，但从句是客观真 理时，仍用一般现在时，主语“ligh俨是第三
26、人称单数，空缺处用动词travel的第三人称单数 travels,应选 A。例5. （2022内蒙古呼伦贝尔市海拉尔区教育研修中心一模）David wants to know if a picnic tomorrow.Yes, but if it, well visit the museum instead.A. you have; will rainB. you will have; will rainC. will you; have rainsD. you will have; rains2. D【解析】句意：大卫想知道你明天是否要野餐。是的，但如果下雨，我们就去博物馆。考查动词时态。第
27、一个if引导的是宾语从句，主句为一般现在时，从句为任意时态，此处 从句有“tomorrow”，使用一般将来时，结构为will do,使用陈述句语序；第二个if引导的 是条件状语从句，根据“主将从现”原那么，从句使用一般现在时，主语为it,使用动词第三 人称单数。应选D。例 6. （2022北京顺义九年级期末）一Could you tell me the Space Museum?一Sure, next Monday.A. when we visitedB. when did we visitC. when we will visitD. when will we visit3. C【解析】句意
28、：你能告诉我我们什么时候去参观太空博物馆吗？ 好的，下周一。考查宾语从句。根据答语“next Monday”可知空缺局部是对时间提问，并且时态为一般将来 时；且宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，选项B和D都是疑问语序。应选C。考点三：疑问词+t。do作宾语彳列 7. When he first took part in the competition, he didnt know.A. how to expectB. what to expectC. when to expect itD. what to expect it4. B【解析】句意：当他首次参加这个竞赛时，他不知道能期待些什么。考查特殊
29、疑问词+不定式。expec俨期待”是及物动词，what to expect意为“期待什么，what 充当其宾语。应选B。考点四：宾从的否认前移彳列 8. I your father agreed to sell the house.Well, to my surprise, he agreed without hesitation,it was against his own wishes.A. think； becauseB. think； sinceC. dont think； thoughD. dont think； when5. C【解析】句意： 我认为你的父亲不同意卖房子。嗯，使我吃
30、惊的是，他毫不犹豫地同意 了，尽管那是违背他的意愿的。此题考查think的句式和连词的用法。第一空，根据to my surprise, he agreed without hesitation可知第一个句子的句意。否认前移,应填don*t think,故排除A和B；第二空, 从后面的it was against his own wishes可知前后意思表示转折。应填though,故排除D,应选Ao【真题演练】（2022江苏宿迁中考真题）一Jenny, do you know?一Er, next Tuesday.A. when the sports meeting will take place
31、B. when will the sports meeting take placeC. where the sports meeting will take placeD. where will the sports meeting take place6. （2022新疆中考真题）一I wonder.一Yes, it tastes really nice.A. who likes eating zongziB , where we can buy this kind of zongziC. how much we should pay for this kind of zongziD. i
32、f Jiaxing zongzi is delicious7. （2022湖北武汉中考真题）Can you tell me?一To get practical skills.A. what do you learn about safetyB. when do you have the art festivalC. how you balance your studies and hobbiesD. why you learn cooking at school8. （2022湖南岳阳中考真题）They wonder.A. if robots will think like a human i
33、n 25 to 50 yearsif will robots think like a human in 25 to 50 yearsB. when robots will think like a human in 25 to 50 years（2022天津中考真题）Could you tell me?Its about 6,300 kilometres long.A. how wide is the Changjiang RiverB. how wide the Changjiang River isC. how long is the Changjiang RiverD. how lon
34、g the Changjiang River is14. （2022江苏扬州中考真题）一Excuse me, could you tell me?You can take No. 6 bus there. Ifs about 15 minutes9 ride.A. how far is the Slender West LakeB. how far the Slender West Lake isC. how can I get to the Slender West LakeD. how T can get to the Slender West Lake15. （2022云南昆明中考真题）
35、一 Could you please tell me when they meet for thefirst time in China?一 They usually shake hands.A , what do people usually doB. what people usually doC. where do people usually goD. where people usually go16. （2022湖南怀化中考真题）Do you know?一She is a teacher.A. What is Lindas job B. What Lindas job is C.
36、What was Lindas job（2022云南中考真题）一 Your stamps are so fantastic. Could you please tell me?一 Oh, I bought them in the post office next to the bank.A. why did you buy themB. where did you buy themC. why you bought themD. where you bought them17. （2022甘肃武威中考真题）I wonder.A. that April is the hottest month
37、in Thailand B . do you know where I can buy some medicineC. whether June is a good time to visit Gansu D. how can I improve my pronunciation18. （2022浙江温州中考真题）一Nancy, do you know?In 1957,1 think.A. who wrote the play TeahouseB. what the play Teahouse is aboutC. when the play Teahouse was writtenD. wh
38、y Lao She wrote the play Teahouse19. （2022江苏连云港中考真题）Could you please tell me?一You can take No. 2 Bus.A. when was the nearest hospital builtB. how can I get to the nearest hospitalC. when the nearest hospital was builtD. how I can get to the nearest hospital20. （2022-四川达州中考真题）一 I wonder late for scho
39、ol yesterday.一 Bad luck! I got up late and missed the bus.A. how you were B. why were you C. how were you D. why you were（2022-四川泸州中考真题）一Could you tell me for the fruit?一You can just pay on the phone.A. how much will I payB. how will I pay C . how much I willpayD. how I will pay21. （2022重庆中考真题）Can y
40、ou tell me?一Yes, In the language center.A. where will the speech competition be held B. where the speech competition will be heldC. when will the speech competition be held D. when the speech competition will be held22. （2022四川成都中考真题）一I wonder life will be different in the future.Maybe we will be ab
41、le to live on another planet with the development of space technology.A. whenB. howC. what（2022重庆中考真题）一Excuse me, do you know?一Yes. Next Friday.A. when will the volunteers come backB when the volunteers will come backC. how will the volunteers come backD. how the volunteers will come back23. （2021 甘
42、肃甘南中考真题）一1 havent decided Ill go for my summer holidays.一Why not choose Laga Mountain?A. howB. whenC. where（2021 四川甘孜中考真题）一Mike, I wonder well go this weekend.一To the museum.A. whenB. whyC. howD. where（2022四川,乐山市教育科学研究所中考真题）一Hi, Jack. Do you know? I want to thank him or her in person.一No, it was jus
43、t left on the front desk.A. who sent my wallet backwhere did they find my walletB. how much money was in my wallet（2021 贵州黔西中考真题）Excuse me, do you know buy some medicine? Ivegot a cold.A. where can I B. where I can C. what can ID. what I can（2021 西藏中考真题）一I dont know.一 At 3: 00 p.m. yesterday.A. when
44、 the video meeting finishedB. when did the video meeting finishC. where the video meeting finishedD. where did the video meeting finish29. （2021 西藏中考真题）I wonder if he time tomorrow； if he free, Illinvite him to give a speech in our school.A. will have; is B. has; will be C. will; haveD. has; is【过关检测
45、】（2022江苏泰州二模）一Daniel, is there anything else you want to know about China?一Yes, I am still wondering.A. when was the Great Wall builtthat Chinese knots have rich meaningsB. why are people interested in Beijing operahow Chinese people use chopsticks33. （2022辽宁锦州三模）一Lefs go fbr a picnic tomorrow.Cool!
46、 But first we must find out tomorrow. We cant have fun when it rains.A. what the weather will be likeB. where we will goC. whether to go by car or by bikeD. who we will go with34. （2022吉林长春一模）Frank can show us.Its amazing.A. how does water travel through a leafhow water travels through a leafB. why
47、did water travel through a leafwhy will water travel through a leaf35. （2022内蒙古鄂伦春自治旗教育研修中心教育教学研究室一模）一Could you tell me the Father of Hybrid Rice”?一Because he helped many countries grow more rice.A. when was Yuan Longping calledB. why is Yuan Longping calledC. when was Yuan Longping calledD. why Yuan Longping is called36. （2022甘肃天水市麦积区教学研究室一模）【wondered.A. what are the differences between SARS and COVID-