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1、第10讲定语从句【基础知识】定语从句L概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,连 接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词(也叫关系词)。定语从句的构成:先行词+关系词+定语从句如:I know the girl who is sitting under the Wee.先行词引导词从句(定语从句)2.关系词的选用:关系代词指代在定从中所作 成分例句which物主语宾语Lucy likes music which is gentle.露西喜欢 柔和的音乐。that人、物主语宾语Lucy likes music that is gentle.露西喜欢柔 和的音乐。Th
2、e girl that has long hair is his sister.留长 发的女孩子是他姐姐。who人主语宾语The girl who has long hair is his sister.留 长发的女孩子是他姐姐。whom人宾语He is the student that/who/whom I likebest.他是我最喜欢的学生whose人的,物的定语I like those books whose topics are about history.我喜欢那些话题是历史的书3、关系词的省略:关系代词that/who/which/whom在定从中作宾适时可省略,作主语时不能省略
3、 如:The cartoons (that/which)I like have lots of jokes.我喜欢的卡通有很多笑话。The film (that/which) we saw last night is interesting.我们昨天看的电影非常有趣。从句,应选A。19. C【解析】【详解】句意:我仍然记得我奶奶告诉我的所有故事。童年的记忆总是难以忘记。考查定语从句。此处是定语从句,先行词是all the stories,指物,引导词在从句中作宾 语,应选C。20. B【解析】【详句意:这是你去年参观的博物馆吗?考查定语从句。此句是定语从句,先行词the museum是指物,在
4、从句中作宾语,用关系词 that,应选 B。21. B【解析】【详解】句意:我永远不会忘记那些在我困难时期帮助过我的人。考查定语从句。which关系代词,指物,在从句中作主语或宾语;who关系代词,指人, 在从句中作主语;whose关系代词,指人或物,在从句中作定语;whom关系代词,指人, 在从句中作宾语;句子先行词是people,指人,在从句中作主语,应用who引导,应选Bo22. A【解析】【详解】句意:这里发生了巨大的变化。我所看到的一切对我来说都是如此的新鲜。考查定语从句。此处是定语从句,先行词是不定代词Everything,关系代词在定语从句中 作主语,只能用that。应选A。23
5、. D【解析】【分析】【详解】句意:袁隆平是以开展杂交水稻而闻名的英雄。是的。他是个伟人。考查定语从句的引导词。which关系代词,引导定语从句,先行词为物;whom关系代词, 引导定语从句,先行词为人,在从句中作宾语;what不能引导定语从句;that关系代词, 引导定语从句,先行词为物或人,在从句中作主语或宾语。根据句子结构可知,空处的词 是引导定语从句,先行词为人,且引导词在从句中作主语,应用that。应选D。24. D【解析】【详解】句意:你听说过木兰的故事吗? 当然。木兰是一个勇敢的女孩,她代替父亲参 军。考查定语从句和主谓一致。whom关系代词,指人,在从句中作宾语;that关系代
6、词,指人 或物,在从句中作主语或宾语;which关系代词,指物,在从句中作主语或宾语;who关 系代词,指人,在从句中作主语;句子是定语从句,先行词是girl,指人,在从句中作主 语,应用who/that引导定语从句,先行词是单数名词,从句谓语动词应用三单形式,应选 DoA【解析】【分析】【详解】句意:我永远不会忘记我们去年一起去过的那个地方。考查定语从句。which明E一个;what什么;who谁;whom谁,who的宾语。该句为定语从 句,且从句中缺宾语,先行词place指物,故应用关系代词which,应选A。25. B【解析】【详解】句意:我想对每一个为社区服务的人表示感谢。考查定语从句
7、。此句是定语从句,everyone是指人,在从句中作主语,用关系词who引导 定语从句,应选B。26. B【解析】 【详解】句意:在我看来,在所有的书中,这是唯一值得一读的。考查定语从句关系词。根据“of all the books, this is the only one”可知先行词the only one指 物,先行词用the only修饰时,只能用that引导限制性定语从句。应选B。27. D【解析】【详解】句意: 我们能为那些需要帮助的农村留守儿童做些什么呢? 我们可以在周末帮助 他们在线学习。考查定语从句。which先行词指物;whom先行词指人,在从句中作宾语;whose先行词指
8、 人或物,在从句中作定语;who先行词指人,在从句中作主语。本句先行词是the leftchildren, 指人,且空格处在从句中作主语,故用who引导定语从句。应选D。28. C【解析】【详解】句意:2020年12月31日,习近平主席的新年讲话鼓舞了中国人民更加努力地为祖国奋 斗。考查定语从句。Who关系代词,指人,作主语;whose关系代词,指人或物,作定语; which关系代词,指物,作主语或宾语;what不能引导定语从句;句子先行词是speech, 指物,在从句中作宾语,应用which引导,应选C。29. B【解析】【详解】句意: 你认识那个在书法比赛中得了第一名的男孩吗? 嗯,他是王
9、伟,我们的班 长。考查定语从句。Who关系代词,指人,作主语;whose关系代词,指人或物,作定语; whom关系代词,指人,作宾语;which关系代词,指物,作主语或宾语;句子先行词是 boy,根据handwriting won the first in the competition”可知,此处指的是“男孩的书法“,应 用whose作定语,应选Bothat/which are popular with【解析】【详解】受欢迎:be popular with;分析句子可知,句子是定语从句,先行词是“the cities,引导词在从句中作主语,用that/which引导定语从句,且从句的谓语动词
10、和先行词保持一 致, 故 be 动词用 are。故填 that/which; are; popular; withoWho/that are late for【解析】【详解】此处可用定语从句修饰the students,指人,引导词在从句中作主语,用who/that引导;be late for“迟到”,时态是一般现在时,主语是复数,be动词用are。故填who/that; are; late; foro30. that#which received from【解析】【详解】名词“letter”后是定语从句。表达“收至用短语receive from sb”。根据“昨天“可知是一般过 去时,谓语动
11、词用过去式“received”。先行词“letter”指的是物,定语从句缺动词“received”的 宾语,用关系代词that”或“which”引导从句。故填that/which; received; fromo31. those dreams【解析】【详解】根据句子结构,定语从句缺少先行词,且根据句意可知应填意为“那些人”的代词thoseo根 据中英文比照可知,第二空应填意为“梦想”的名词dream,空格前为形容词性物主代词 their,故dream应用复数形式。故填those; dreamso32. .that/which led【解析】【详解】由汉语和所给的英语翻译可知,lead to意
12、为“造成、导致分析语境可知,此处应该是由 that或which引导的定语从句;主句是一般过去时,从句也应该用一般过去时。led是lead 的过去式。故填that/which; led。4 .关系代词只能用that的情况领先行词同时指人和物时,关系代词只能用that如:My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things that they couldnt remember.(2)领先行词是 all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, n
13、one 等不定 代词时,关系代词只能用that.如:Say all that you know/ Is there anything that I can do for you?(3)领先行词有the one, the very, the only, the same等修饰词时,关系代词只能用that, 不能用which(指人时可以用who).如:Thats the only thing that I can do now. /These are the very(adj.恰好的)words that he used.(4)领先行词被序数词、最高级等词修饰时,关系代词只能用that.如:Thi
14、s is the first play that I have seen since I came here. This is the best novel that I have read.当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句时,而中心词指人或物时,关系代词只 能用that.如: Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?5 .关系代词只能用which的情况(1)先行词有指示代词(that/this/these/those)修饰如:I am reading that book which you read yesterday.我在看你昨
15、天看的那本书引导词前有介词如:The school campus in which we study every day is beautiful.我们学习的校园很漂 亮。6 .定语从句中的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与先行 词保持一致。其中,“one。计复数名词”作先行词时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:He is the man who / that lives next door.他就是住在隔壁的那个男人He is one of the students in his class who have been to Germany.他是班上去过德国
16、的学生 之一【考点剖析】考点一:关系词的选用例 1. (2022山东临沂九年级期末)一Do you know the girl is singing in the classroom?一Yes. She is Julia, my best friend.A. whoseB. whichC. thatC【解析】句意:你认识正在教室里唱歌的那个女孩吗? 是的。她是茱莉亚,我最好的朋 友。考查定语从句。the girl是名词,作为先行词,后接定语从句。从句中缺主语,应用who或 that来指代。结合选项,that可指代人,引导定语从句。应选C。例 2. (2022江苏宿迁九年级期末)The vict
17、im wanted to report the crime his bosshad committed to the police.A. whichB. whomC. whoD. whatA【解析】句意:受害者想向警方报告他老板犯下的罪行。考查定语从句关系词。根据“the crime . his boss had committed”可知此处用定语从句,先行 词“the crime”指物,且在从句中作宾语,用which引导定语从句。应选A。例3. (2021湖北潜江市教学研究室九年级期末)一Do you know the girl is playing thepiano over there?
18、一Of course. She is my best friend, Linda.A. whichB. whoC. whomD. whatB【解析】句意: 你认识那边弹钢琴的那个女孩吗? 当然。她是我最好的朋友,琳达。考查定语从句连接词。Which先行词为物,在从句中作主语或宾语;who先行词为人,在 从句中作主语或宾语; Whom先行词为人,在从句中作宾语;what不用于定语从句中。分 析句子可知先行词为girl,是人,其次在从句中作主语,所以只有who符合,应选B。考点二:只能用that的情况例4. (2022河北青县教育局教研室九年级期末)The first thing you shou
19、ld do is toquit smoking.A. whichB. whomC. whatD. thatD【解析】句意:你应该做的第一件事就是戒烟。考查定语从句。which关系代词,指物;whom关系代词,作宾语;what不引导宾语从句; that关系代词,指人或物。先行词The first thing指物,且有first修饰时,关系代词用 thato 应选 Do例 5. (2022江苏扬州九年级期末)一How do you like the book Little Women!一Wonderful. I think it is the best one tells us the impor
20、tance of family.A. /B. whatC. whichD. thatD【解析】句意:你觉得小妇人这本书怎么样? 很好。我认为这是告诉我们家庭的重要 性最好的一本书。考查定语从句。此处含定语从句,先行词指书,引导词在从句中作主语,且先行词前有最 高级the best修饰,只能用thato应选D。例6.(2022.内蒙古呼伦贝尔市海拉尔区教育研修中心一模)一Who do you think is the girl did the best in the 2021 Beijing Winter Olympics.Of course, Gu Ailing.A. whoB. whoseC
21、. whomD. thatD【解析】句意:你认为2021北京冬奥会上表现最好的女孩是谁。当然是谷爱凌了。考查定语从句。who谁;whose谁的;whom谁,who的宾格;that用于某些动词、形容词 和名词后,引出从句。根据Who do you think is the girl .did the best in the 2021 Beijing Winter Olympics.”可知,此处为定语从句,先行词为the girl,指人,使用that或者who引 导,当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时,引导词只能用that。应选D。例 7. (2022辽宁营口二模)一 What are you d
22、oing?一 We are talking about the people and things we saw last week.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. whoA【解析】句意: 你在干什么? 我们正在谈论上周看到的人和事。考查定语从句。that用于某些动词、形容词和名词后,引出从句;what什么;which的 那个;who谁。根据“the people and things”可知,此处定语从句的先行词为人和物,使用 that引导,不能用which。应选A。考点三:定语从句的主谓一致例 8. (2016四川绵阳中考真题)I prefer movies me some
23、thing to think about.A. which gives B. that givesC. that giveD. who giveC【解析】句意:我更喜欢能让我思考的电影。考查定语从句。Which代指表“物”的先行词在从句中当主语或宾语;that代指表“物”或人 的先行词在从句中当主语或宾语;who代指表“人”的先行词在从句中当主语;从句陈述客 观的事实是一般现在时;句中关系代词指代先行词在句中当主语,movies是复数名词,谓 语动词用原形;应选C。例 9. (2020黑龙江哈尔滨二模)一Frank, look! Who are the children under the t
24、ree waiting in a line?一They are the students from No.l Middle School.A. that areB. which isC. who isA【解析】句意:弗兰克,你看!那些在树下排队的孩子是谁? 他们是来自第一中学的学 生。考查定语从句关系词和主谓一致。句子先行词是“children”指人,在从句中作主语,所以关 系代词用who/that;而先行词是复数名词,所以从句中的系词用are,应选A。【真题演练】(2022四川乐山市教育科学研究所中考真题)一What kind of books do you like best?一 I li
25、ke books are about science and technology.A. whoB. whomC. which(2022-四川达州中考真题)Do you like the movie is called The Battle at LakeChangjin?Sure. I think no movie is than it.A. that; more touching B. what; less touching C. that; more touched D. which; less touched(2022四川成者B中考真题)Rome is an ancient city
26、is full of places of interest.A. whereB. whichC. who(2022四川自贡中考真题)一What do you think of the Monkey King?I think hes a hero keeps fighting to help the weak people.A. whoB. whereC. whose(2021 四川甘孜中考真题)一Do you know the girl is standing over there?Yes. She is my sister.A. whenB. whereC. whoD. which(2021
27、西藏中考真题)WeUl never forget the heroes bring people hope in difficult times.A. whichB. whomC. whoseD. who(2021 江苏徐州中考真题)Agatha Christie was a female writer is consideredthe queen of crime novels.A. whatB. whoseC. whoD. which( 2021青海西宁中考真题)一I have read books were written by Charles Dickens.So do I. Davi
28、d Copperfield is my favorite.A. howB. whoC. whatD. that(2021 湖南株洲中考真题)The active ladies like music they can dance to.A. thatB. whereC. who(2021 黑龙江哈尔滨中考真题)一I still remember all the stories my grandmatold me.一The memories of our childhood are always hard to forget.A. whatB. whoC. that(2021 黑龙江牡丹江中考真题
29、)Is this the museum you visited last year?A. whereB. thatC. in which(2021 吉林长春中考真题)I will never forget the people helped me a lot during my hard time.A. whichB. whoC. whoseD. whom(2021 贵州毕节中考真题)Great changes have taken place here. Everything comes into my eyes is so new to me.A. thatB. whichC. whoD.
30、 whom(2021 湖北鄂州中考真题)一Yuan Longping is a hero is known for developinghybrid rice (杂交水稻).一Yes. He is a great man.A. whichB. whomC. whatD. that(2021 辽宁朝阳中考真题)一Have you heard of the story of Mulan?Of course. Mulan is a brave girl her fathers place to fight in the army.A. whom take B. that takeC. which t
31、akes D. who takes(2021 辽宁营口中考真题)ril never forget the place we visited together lastyear.A. whichB. whatC. whoD. whom(2021 黑龙江大庆中考真题)rd like to express my thanks to everyone servedthe community.A. whichB. whoC. whereD. when(2021 山东滨州中考真题)In my opinion, of all the books, this is the only one iswell wo
32、rth reading.A. whoB. thatC. whomD. what(2021 湖北黄冈中考真题)一 What can we do for the left-home children in the village need help?We could help them with their study online on weekends.A. whichB. whomC. whoseD. who(2021 ,贵州黔东南中考真题)On December 31, 2020, the New Year speech President Xi Jinping made encourag
33、ed us Chinese to work harder for our motherland.A. whoB. whoseC. whichD. what(2021 贵州铜仁中考真题)一Do you know the boy hand writing won the firstin the competition?Oh, he is Wang Wei, our monitor.A. whoB. whoseC. whomD. which【过关检测】二、完成句子1. (2021 .广东.广州市荔湾区西关外国语实验学校一模)广州是一个受全世界游客欢迎的 城市之一。Guangzhou is one o
34、f the citiesthe tourists from all overthe world.2. (2021 .广东.广州市第一中学二模)我是那些上课不迟到的学生之一。I am one of the students never school.3. (2021 广东广州市协和中学二模)昨天我收到他的那封信很重要。The letter I him yesterday is very important.4. (2021 .甘肃平凉.一模)成功属于那些坚持梦想的人。Success belongs to who stick to their.5. (2021 .湖北随州.一模)我还了解了一些创造
35、,它们成就了彩色电影I learned about the inventions to color movies, too.参考答案:10. C【解析】句意:你最喜欢什么类型的书?我喜欢关于科学和技术的书。考查定语从句。此处是定语从句,先行词books是指物,在从句中作主语,应用关系词 which引导定语从句,应选CoA【解析】【详解】句意: 你喜欢长津湖这部电影吗? 当然。我认为没有哪部电影比它更感人 了。考查定语从句和形容词辨析。第一处是定语从句,先行词是物,引导词在从句中作主语, 排除Bo touching感人的;touched感动的。此处修饰电影,用ing结尾的形容词,排除 CDo应选
36、A。11. B【解析】【详解】句意:罗马是一座充满名胜古迹的古城。考查定语从句。句子是定语从句,先行词是物an ancient city”,关系词在从句中作主语, 用which引导定语从句。应选B。12. A【解析】【详解】句意:你觉得孙悟空怎么样?我认为他是一个为帮助弱者而不断战斗的英雄。考查定语从句。who谁;where哪里;whose谁的。句子是定语从句,先行词是人hero,关 系词在从句中作主语,用who引导定语从句。应选A。13. C【解析】【详解】句意: 你认识站在那边的那个女孩吗? 是的。她是我的妹妹。考查定语从句,when关系副词,在句子中作时间状语;where关系副词,在句子
37、中作地点 状语;who关系代词,在从句中作主语或宾语;which关系代词,在从句中作主语或宾 语。分析句子结构,可知是定语从句,从句缺少主语,先行词是girl,指人,那么此处应用 关系代词who,在从句中作主语。应选C。14. D【解析】【详解】句意:我们永远不会忘记在困难时期为人民带来希望的英雄们。考查定语从句。本句含定语从句,先行词是“the heroes”,指人,引导词在从句中作主语, 应选DoC【解析】【详解】句意:阿加莎克里斯蒂是一位被誉为犯罪小说女王的女作家。考查关系代词。what不能引导定语从句;whose是关系代词,指代人或物,在定语从句中 作定语;who是关系代词,指代人,在
38、定语从句中作主语或宾语;which关系代词,指代 物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。根据题干可知,本句是一个定语从句,先行词writer指 人,引导词在从句中作主语,因此用关系代词who引导,应选C。15. D【解析】【分析】【详解】句意: 我读过查尔斯狄更斯写的书。我也是。大卫科波菲尔是我的最爱。考查定语从句的引导词。how关系副词,引导定语从句,在从句中作状语;who关系代 词,引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,先行词为人;What不能引导定语从句;that关系代 词,引导定语从句,在从句中作主语或宾语,先行词为人或物。本句中先行词为物,且引 导词在从句中作主语,应用that引导定语从句。应选D。16. A【解析】【详解】句意:活跃的女士们喜欢可以随着音乐跳舞的音乐。考查定语从句。此句是定语从句,先行词music指物,在从句中作宾语,用that引导定语