(整理版高中英语)第二册Unit16TheUnitedStatesofArlrlerica.doc

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1、第二册Unit 16 The United States of ArlrlericaI单元知识点全览 工欲善其事 必先利其器高考须掌握的词汇:1enter 2suffer 3greed 4unemploy 5reconstruct 6eventual 7resistance 8chiefly9rotten 10Will高考须掌握的短语:1in 2take 3alone 4on/upon 5as 6out 7on 8in考点过关 过关斩将 一马平川考点详解 精剖细解 入巿三分一、重点词汇1insist vi坚持;坚决要求eg: He inststed that the work(should)b

2、e finished bv the end of this month 他要求这个月底完成工作。 He insisted on writing her a letter at once 他坚持要马上给她写一封信。He insists that the answer is right他坚持认为答案是正确的。用法拓展:insist onupon doing sth坚持做某事 insist that(should)do坚决要求做特别提醒:(1)insist 后接宾语从句,表示“坚决要求做某事时,从句谓语 动词用should+动词原形来表示,should可省略。 (2)如果当“坚持认为讲时,一般指坚持

3、自己的观点、态度或事实,从句用正常形式,如上面第三个例句。案例剖析 旁征博引 举一反三考题1 (典型例题He kept insisting that he innocent and ftee at once Abe;be set Bwas;be set Cshould be:was set Dwas:was set 考题1点拨:答案为Binsist后接从句,表示“坚持说、坚决认为时用陈述形式;表示“坚决要求干某_事时,用should+动词原形形式,should可省略。句意为:“他不断地坚持说他是清白的并坚决要求马上被释放=。2supply vt供给;供给n供给;供给品(复)eg: The sc

4、hool supplies books to the stUdents=The school supplies the students with books为学生提供书籍。 Bring a large supply 0f food with youpIease 请你带上大量的食物。用法拓展:supply sthtofor sb=supply s1)with sth给某人提供某物a supply of=supplies of大量的特别提醒:supply作名词用当“供给品,生活用品讲时常用复数形式。考题2-1 (典型例题, i 分 ) England is rathershort of arab

5、le land, so it is absolutely dependent upon other countries for her food A. offers B. stores C. sales D. supplies 考题2-2 The shop was able to supply us A. with that we wanted B. to that we wanted C. with what we wanted D. to what we wanted考题2-1点拨,答案为D。此题考查名词词又辨析。题意“英国缺乏可耕种的土地所以她完全依靠别的国家为其供给食物。offer 表

6、示“提供,store表示“贮存。sale表示?销售,supply表示。供给,故D符合题意。 考题2-2点拨:答案为c。此题考查Supply sbwith sth表示用供给某人;what引导一宾语从句句意为:“这个商店能够供给我们想要的东西。 3vain adj徒劳的;徒然的,自负的eg: He tried to save his son from drowningbut in vain 他试图救他儿子免于溺死,但是徒然。 She made a vain attempt to stop him她试图阻止他但是徒然。 He is always vain of his appearance他对自己的

7、容貌总是很自负。相关链接:vanity虚荣心,自负自大用法拓展:be vain of为感到骄傲/自负 in vain(作状语)白白地;白费力气 (作表语)无用白费没有结果考题1 (典型例题 分)All their at-tempts to rescue the child from the burning building were He died soon afterwards. A. in place B. in return C. in vain D. in order考题3点拨:答案为c。此题考查介词短语的意叉辨析。in place“在适当的位置适当的;in return作为的回报ti

8、n order“有 秩序;in vain。徒劳的白费的。 二、重点短语4as a result结果 eg:She had some bad rish .As a result ,she didnt feel well this morning她吃了些坏鱼结果今天早上觉得不舒服。 She didnt work hardAs a resultshe failed thc exam 她没有用功学习结果考试不及格。用法拓展:as a resuIt of由于的原因 result from因引起 resuIt in导致;致使withOUt resuIt毫无结果;徒劳特别提醒:as a result后接结果

9、as a result of后接原因。考题4 (典型例题)tte hasnt worked hard enough. he didnt pass the exam. A. However B. So D. A.s a resuh D,. Because that考题4点拨:答案为C。题意为:“他没有努力学习,结果他没有通过考试。however表示“然而与题恚不符,而so后接从句,中间不用逗号隔开,because that属于连词重复,应选c。as a result表示“结果。50n sale出售;减价eg: In summerthere are many watermelons on sale

10、 in the market 夏天市场上有很多西瓜在出售。 Summer wear is on sale夏季衣服已在出售。相关链接:sell vt销售,卖 saesman/salesgirl n售货员用法拓展:for sale待售,出售的 a house for sale房屋待售 not for sale不出售的;非卖品 特别提醒:0n sale表示“正在出售,而for sale表示“将要出售。考题5 (典型例题分)-I hear some winter clothes are -Why not go and buy one? A. on sale B. for sale C. sale D.

11、 insale 专题5点拨:答案为A根据Why not g0 and buy one得知“衣服正在出售(或打折出售)。应选A。句意为:“我听说冬季服装正在销售。为何不去买一件呢? 6put out扑灭,熄灭,生产发行eg: The first postage stamp was put out in 1840第一张邮票是1840年发行的。 They trled to put out t11e fiire他们试图把火扑灭。用法拓展:put away放好把收起来put down写下,记下 put off推迟,拖延put on穿上上演put on weight增重,发胖 put forward提出向

12、前拨put up张贴举起。挂起,住宿 put up with忍耐容忍特别提醒:put out为及物动词短语当代词作宾语时放在put OUt之间表示“人为地把火熄灭;go OUt为不及物动词短语后面不能接宾语指“自行熄灭。考题6 ( 典型例题 分 ) It was dark, so we decided to for the night at a farmhouse. A. put away B. put down C. put up D. put out考题6点拨:答案为c;put up在此表示。(在某处)获得食宿安排;暂住。put away表示。放好;把收起来;put down表示“写下,记

13、下;put out表示“扑灭,熄灭;生产;发行。 三、重点交际用语7How long/wide/high/tall is?有多长宽/高? Itsmetre(s)/feet long/wide/high/tall米/英尺长/宽/高。 这是表示长、宽、高的常用句型后一句也可以用: Itsmetre(s)in Iength/widtll/height eg: How Iong is thc w11alc?这条鲸鱼多长? lts 18 moi res long有18米长。 How wide is that river?那条河多宽? Its about 3u metres wi&、in width它大约

14、有30米宽。特别提醒:ltsmetre(s)long widc中is也可以用measures表示。考题7 (典型例题.1 分) -Do you know how the building is?Yes. its about 110 metres height A. tall; by B, high; in C. high; by D. height; in考题7点拨;答案为B。此题考查“How tall/highis?ItSmetre(s)high/抽height?这一句型。应选B。by height表示“按高度,句意为:“你知道这楼房有多高吗?知道大约ll0米高。 8What doeshmk

15、 like?看起来像什么? 用于询问某人(某物)外表看起来怎么样、 eg: What does the building look like?这栋大楼看起来像什幺? It looks like a school看起来像。 what does the nlan lot)k likc?这个人看起来像干什么的? He looks like a pOlICenlan他看起来像警察用法拓展:what is sb sth1ike?用于询问某人(物)的内在品质、个性特点以硬用来询问天气的. What docs/do sblike? 用来询问某人喜欢什么。特别提醒:what doeslook like?侧重某

16、人(某物)的外表;而what is sb/sth1ike?侧重某人(某物)的内在品质、个性特点。考题8 ( 典型例题 分 ) ? He is tall and strong. A. What do you think of your. monitor? B How about your monitor. C. What is your monitor like? D. How do you find your mouitor?考题8点拨:答案为c。从He is tall and strong判断,此题考查询问某人的个性特点。应选c。而A、D两项用来询问对别人的看法,不符合题意。句意为:“他长得

17、怎么样?又高又强壮。 四、重点句型9Ever sinee the CiVil War。the South has strulggled to find ways to deal with its troubled past自内战以来、美国南部就一直在设法处理过去遗漏下来的麻烦事。 ever sinee自从eg: We have been friends ever since we met at school 自从我们在校认识以来一直是朋友。 He went to Beijing in 1 956 and has lived there ever since. 1956年他去了并且自那以后他一直

18、住在那儿。用法拓展:(1)since用作介词表示“从以来,以后,后接名词,动名词,介词短语或then(when)eg: Since when have you been living in the country 自从什么时候你一直住在农村? I harent seen her since last week自从上周以来我没见过她。 (2)since用作连词表示“自从以来;既然;因为eg: He has been living here since he came here 自从他来到这里,他就一直住在这儿。 It is(has been)three years since I last sa

19、w BilI 自从上次见到比尔以来有三年了。 Since you cant answer the questinn,wed better ask someone else 既然你不能答复这个问题,我们最好去问别天。 (3)since用作副词,表示“此后,从那以来eg:I saw him on Wednes day,but we havent met since我周三见过他,但此后我们再也没碰过面。特别提醒:(1)ever since表示“从那时起一直到现在,此后一直。既可以单独使用,也可以跟句子或名词(这由since的词性及用法决定)。 (2)since当“自从讲时,since从句常用一般过去

20、时态,而主句用完成时态;但主句表示“已经有多长时间也用一般现在时态。构成句型:Itis+段时间+since“自以来多长时间。 (3)since后接时间时,必须是点时间,不能接段时间。考题9-1 You have .got used to the life here have you been living here? A. Since then B. Since when C. Ever since D. Since考题9-2 (典型例题 分) Do you smoke? Its two years since 1 smoked. A. No. I dont B. Yes. I do C. N

21、ot too much D. Oh, yes, but I.wish I didnt考题91点拨:答案为B。根据have you been living here?这个句子结构为疑问句,应选B,since when表示“从什么时候以来。句意为:“你已经适应了这里的生活,你从什么时候起就住在这儿?考题92点拨:答案为A。解此题关键要正确理解“Its two years since I smoked,此句意为:我不吸烟有两年了,而不是“我吸烟有两年了。since后面需接点时间,假设接表示延续性的动词时,翻译时应从该动词动作结束时算起。应选A。句意为;“你吸烟吗?不吸了,我不吸烟有两年了。五、词语辨

22、析 lOmajor,main,chief (1)chief侧重指“职位、职称、级别或等级最高的。 eg: a chief editor/priest/engineer主编/主任牧师/总工程师 (2)main侧重修饰物,一般不修饰人。 eg: a main road/street/pipe/course主要公路/主街道/总管道/主菜(课程) (3)major修饰人和物皆可,修饰人时,尤指年高权重的人。 eg: maior(v/)in“主修,专攻考题10 ( 典型例题 分 ) The young man speaking to the teacher of English in physics i

23、n the university. A. studied B. researched C. learnt D. majored语法归纳 精通规那么 游刃有余本单元的语法是复习非谓语动词,主要复习动词不定式和动名词的被动语态。(一)动词不定式的被动语态1当不定式所表示的动作与其逻辑上的主语(句子中的某一名词或代词)有动宾关系时,用被动式。 eg: It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here (“我是“被邀请的)承蒙邀请到此讲话,深感荣幸。 The date is expected to be announced soon (“日期“被宣布)预

24、计日期会很快被宣布。 但有时,不定式的逻辑主语在句子中不出现,只要在意义上是被动的,就用被动式。 eg: To。be attacked by the enemy is a good thing,not a bad thing受到敌人的攻击是件好事而不是坏事。2在有些情况下不定式的被动意义用主动形式表示。 (1)当不定式与其逻辑上的主语有动宾关系,而同时与另一名词(代词)又有逻辑上的主谓关系时。 eg: Give him some books to tead给他些书读。 (“read与“books为动宾关系,而与“him为主谓关系) Ill show you right path to take

25、(“take与“path为动宾关系,而与“you为主谓关系) (2)但如果只存在动宾关系,而与其他名词(代词)无逻辑上的主谓关系时,就仍用被动式。 eg: All the people in the city were noW talking about the wonderful cloth which the Emperor had ordered to be woven for so much money对于国王定制的漂亮衣服花了这么多钱,城市里的所有人正在议论纷纷。 “weave与“which即“cloth为动宾关系,与句子中其他名(代)词不存在任何关系。(3)在there be句型中

26、,不定式可用主动式,也可用被动式。 eg: There is no time to Iose(一to be lOSt)没有时间了。 There are still many things to deal with(一to be dealt with)仍有许多事需要处理。 但有时候两种形式表达的意义有差异。 eg: There is nothing to do now(一We have nothing to do now)现在没事干。 There is nothing to be done noW(一We can do nothing now)现在没法干。(4)当句子中出现以下形容词:light

27、,heavy,hard,difficult,easy,good,nice,bad,expensive,cheap,comfortable,fit,interesting,pleasant,bitter,dangerous,impor tant等时,其后的不定式用主动形式。 eg: This sentence is not easy to understand这句子不容易理解。 The street is difficult to find on the map在地图上很难找到这条街道。二)动名词的被动语态当动名词表示的动作与其逻辑上的主语有动宾关系时,用被动语态。 eg: He came to

28、 the party without being invited他不请自来地参加这个晚会。 He didnt mind being left alone at home他不介意被单独留在家里。2在有些情况下,动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。(1)在动词want,need, require等后。如果是不及物动词,应用必要的介词。 eg: The young trees want/need/require watering这些树木需要浇水。 His leg needs operating on他的腿需要动手术。 ,(2)在be worth doing句型中。如果用不及物动词,应有必要的介词。 eg:

29、 This book is well worth reading这本书很值得一看。 The picture is not worth looking at这张画不值得看。动名词完成式的被动结构。 eg When we heard the news of American women volleyball team having been defeated by the Chinese team,we all jumped with joy当听到美国女排被中国女排打败时,我们快乐地跳了起来。考题1( 典型例题 分 ) More than one hundred people were repor

30、ted in the coal mine accident. A. to have been killed B. having been killed C. having killed D. to be killed考题2(典型例题 分)-Do you remember to Mr. Green during your last visit.? -Certainly I do. A. to be introduced B. having introduced C. being introduced D. to have introduced考题1点拨:答案为A。sb/sthis reporte

31、d后接不定式来完成,在此题中,不定式的逻辑主语是more than one hundred people,与kill构成动宾关系,且先于谓语动词were reported发生,因此要用不定式完成时的被动式。考题2点拨:答案为c。remember doing表示“记得做过某事,introduce与其逻辑主语you之间是被动关系,所以用remember being introduced。remember to do表示“记得去干某事,与时间状语during your last visit矛盾。IV专题探究 由点及面 由表及里 break,carry,come,get,give,go,look,pi

32、ck,send,set,take,turn。英语词组的深层含义挖掘、多种含义拓宽也是当今考题的一个热点。每年的高考英语科考试大纲中虽列出了单词和词组,但并未注明其具体的含go out,便可挖掘出以下含义:出去;出国;发出去;贴出去;出去参加社交活动;离家出去工作;压塌;(火)熄灭;过时;死去;消失;辞职;下台;结束;罢工等。考题1 (典型例题) Theyre _ us $ 3000 for the car. Shall we take it? A. provided B. supplied C. shown D. offered考题2 ( 典型例题 分 ) To our surprise, t

33、he fashionable young lady _ to be a thief. A. found out B. proved out C. put out D. turned out考题1点拨:答案为D。解答此题时不能只依据外表意思来选择。provide表示。提供之意,但常构成provide sbwith sth(提供某人某物)或provide sthfor sb(提供某物给某人);supply也表示“提供之意,但常构成:supply sbwith sth或supply sthto sb;show意为“带路,给某人看,不合句意;offer常用为:offer sbsth(提供某物给某人)。

34、 考题2点拨:答案为D。find out表示“打听,查明prove out搭配错误;put out表示“扑灭,熄灭,turn out表示“证明是,结果是。 句意为:“使我们吃惊的是:那个衣着时尚的年轻女士证明是个小偷。V考题类型一网打尽 蓦然回首,灯火阑珊回忆1 测试考点 9 (典型例题It is almost five years we saw each other last time. A. before B. since C. after D. when1B 点拨since作连词意为“自从以来。句意为:自从我们最后一次见面以来已经将近五年了。回忆2 测试考点 1 (典型例题he man

35、insisted a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. A. find B. to find C. on finding D. to finding2C点拨:insist on为固定词组搭配,后接名词或动名词形式表示“坚持某事/坚持做某事。回忆3 测试专题探究, (典型例题)Before building a house, you will have to _ the governments permission. A. get from B. follow C. receive D. ask for3D点拨ask for请求

36、。必须请求政府同意。follow遵循:re ceive收到。 回忆4 测试专题探究 (典型例题)Its the present Situation in poor areas that much higher spending on ed-ucation and training. A. answers for B. provides for C. calls for D. plans for 4c点拨call for要求,要求在教育和训练方面花费更多的资金。answer for负责,保证;provide for供养,规定; plan for为作方案,打算。 回忆5 测试专题探究 (典型例题

37、Julin said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it? Oh, really! I havent my mailbox yet. A. examined B. reviewed C. tested ,D. checked5D点拨:check检查;test测试examine体检;review复习,回忆。根据宾语mailbox可知答案为D。VI高考题预测 高瞻远瞩 占尽先虮一、考情预测 年考情预测预测1:wantneed,require后接非谓语动词 预测根据:wantneedrequire后接doing是主动形式表被

38、动含义,相当于后接to be done。这是高考考纲要求掌握的内容,也是考生容易出错的地方应在备考复习时引起重视。 be done这一句型在设考的单项选择或完形填空局部设题的可能性大。考生尤其应注意后加-ing形式的情况在这一点上最容易出错。预测2:辨析:stateconditionsituation 预测根据:stateconditionsituation是三个近义词也是考生易发生混淆酌三个名词。state表“状况状态时强调人或物在某种特定时期内具有的特征或所处的环境如normal state(平常状态)the mental state(精神状态)。conditions含义与stale 根本

39、相同可指“形势、事态、状态等如the1iving conditions(生活状态)。situation意为“形势情况、局面强调各种情况之间重要的相互关系以及该情况与有关人之间的关系 eg:the situation of war between the two countries(两个国家间的战争形势) 预测根据:besides作介词时与介词except所表示的含义不同。这是高考考查的一个重点。 besides的意思是。除之外还有该介词后面所表示的人或物等也包括在总数内 eg:Ten of us passed besides Tom(一Tom passed too)(我们中的十个人包括汤姆都通

40、过了。) except的意思是“不包括在内除去该介词后面所表示的人或物等不包括在总数内 eg:All of us passed except Tom(一Tom did not pass)。(我们所有人都通过了,只有汤姆没有。)它的后面除接名词和代词外还可以接介词、副词或以thatwhen引导的从句。 eg:He has always been in good health except in the past few daysquite recentlythat he had a slight headache in the past few dayswhen he had a headach

41、e(他一直很健康除了过去几天最近在过去几天里有轻微头疼当他头疼时。)预测4:辨析:likely,probablepossible 预测根据:likelyprobable,possible是三个易混的形容词又是高考对形容词进行考查的重点内容之一。 likely;possible;probable意思都含“可能的。likely系常用词。指“从外表迹象来看很有可能,possible指“由于有适当的 条件和方法,某事可能发生或做到强调“客观上有可能,但常含有“实际希望很小的意思, eg:lt is possible to go to the moon now(现在有可能登上月球。)probable语气

42、比possible强,指“有根据、合情理、值得相信的事物带有。大慨、“很可能的意思。eg:I dont think the story is probable(我觉得那故事不大可能。) (1)当主语是sb时只能用likely,不能用probable或possible; (2)从可能性大小来看probable的可能性最大1ikely次之possible最小。预测5:话题预测 本单元的中心话题是“美国课文围绕“美国南部及“美洲平原上的野牛展开,让人感受美国的变迁过程。高考与之有关的话题会在阅读理解局部出现考查学生跨文化进行交际的意识及能力。 二、考题预测备考1测试专题探究 Having decid

43、ed to rent a flat. We contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city. A. set about B. set down C. set out D. set up1A 点拨set about doing sth开始/着手干某事;set down停下来。让下车,记下来;set out to do sth开始干某事;set up搭起,搭建。备考2测试专题探究 Good Heavens! How could you stand by and such a thing to happen! A. promise B. permit C. allow D. let2c点拨promise许诺;有的希望/可能;permit准许;allow允许;let让,使。备考3测试专题探究 May I have a talk with one of your sports reporters? Sorry. but all of them are out to the main events of the day. A. get B. find C. cover D. search 3c 点拨cbver the events对事件进行采访、报道。 备考4测试考点 5 I bougbt this dress

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