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1、第二册Unit 11 Scientific achievementsI单元知识点全览 工欲善其事 必先利其器高考须掌握的词汇:1achievement 2perfectly 3arrangement 4fail 5announcement 6Evolve高考须掌握的短语:1set 2on 3on/upon 4forward 5at 6Likely考点过关 过关斩将 一马平川考点详解 精剖细解 入巿三分一、重点词汇1rely vi依赖;依靠;信赖(同depend) eg:You may rely on the weather report你可以相信天气预报。 You may rely on it
2、 that he will come to meet you你放心好了,他会来接你的。相关链接:同义词depend vi依赖,相信用法拓展:rely on/upon sb/sth相信;信赖 rely on/upon sbto do sth相信某人会做某事 rely on it that指望特别提醒:rely为不及物动词,后须接介词on或upon后接宾语;rely的用法与 depend相同。案例剖析 旁征博引 举一反三考题1( 典型例题 分 ) Whether the clothes will be ready the day after tomorrow tailors.A. will dec
3、ide- B. will rely on C. will hear D. will see考题1点拨:答案为B。此题考查rely on sth/sb句意为:“后天是否会做好这件衣服取决于裁缝。2achieve vt到达;得到;实现;完成eg: By hard working we can achieve anything只要我们努力任何事情都会成功。相关链接:achievable adj能完成的,能到达的 achieyement n成就,成功C用法拓展:achieve success获得成功 achieve victory取得胜利 achieve ones goal实现某人的目标achieve
4、 ones purpose到达目的 achieve a good resuIt得到好的结果特别提醒:achievement作具体的一件成就、伟绩讲时,为可数名词。考题2 ( 典型例题 分 ) Their play great success and brought in.a large profit to the theatre. A. appreciated B. achieved C. expected D. seized考题2点拨:答案为B。此题考查动宾搭配,achieve great success“取得很大成功。句惠为:“他们的话剧取得巨大的成功,并且为剧院带来很大利润。3arran
5、ge vt整理,安排,布置eg: Everything has been arranged一切都准备好了。 相关键接f arrangement巩整理,安排(常用复数)用法拓展:arrange sthfor为做准备 arrange for sbto do安排某人干某事 arrange with sbfor sth与某人商定某事特别提醒:arrange当“安排商量讲时常用作不及物动词。考题3 (典型例题) I hear that you will be on travel again. -Yeah. My boss for me to discuss busi-ness details with
6、someone from another country. A. asked B. arranged C. sent D. called考题3点拨:答案为B。此题考查arrange for sbto do sth“给某人布置做某事/安排某人干某事,而其他三项均为及物动词。句意为:“我听说你又要出差了。是,老板安排我去同来自他国的人讨论生意细节。二、重点短语4set foot in(on)踏上,进入eg: He said he would never set fOOt in that house again他说他永远不再踏进那座房子了。 They were filled with joy whe
7、n they set fOOt on Chinese soil in Iate July 当七月底踏上中国土地时,他们兴奋不已。用法拓展:set foot in(on)踏上,进入 stand on ones own feet独立自主,自主 rise to ones feet站起来 jump to ones feet跳着走 on foot步行 struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来at the fOOt of在底部,末端 特别提醒:set foot当“踏上讲时用介词on,当“进入时,用介词in。考题4 (典型例题 分) When the overseas _ the soil
8、of their own country, they couldnt help crying hugging with each other. A. set foot in B. set foot on C. set down in D. set down on考题4点拨;答案为B。考查set foot on“踏上,set foot in“进入。句意为:“当海外游子踏上他们祖国的土地时,他们禁不住拥抱住对方哭了。5put forward提出主意,方案等;向前拨eg: Tom put forward severaIinteresting plans汤姆提出了几项令人感兴趣的方案。 May I p
9、ut the cIock forward?我可以将钟拨快些吗? Lets put you forward as chairman of the committee 让我们推举你为委员会主席吧。用法拓展;put away把放好,收起来put aside积攒,留出put off推迟,延期put OUt扑灭熄灭put down放下,镇压 put up张贴;为提供膳食put up with容忍,忍受特别提醒;put forward sbas推举某人当考题5( 典型例题 分 )-Do you know our headmaster accepted the sug-gestion by our Stud
10、ents Union? -Really? Thats great. A. putting forward B. putting up C. put forward D. put up考题5点拨,答案为c。put forward“提出。句意为:“你知道校长已接受我们学生会提出的建议吗?“真的。那太好了。三、重点交际用语6I want/wish/hope/intend/plan toeg I intend to do the job immediately我打算立即就做这项工作。 I plan to meet him at the airport我打算去机场接他。特别提醒:I want/Wish/
11、hope/intend/plan to do这些表示“希望,打算的动词的过去时或过去完成时态表示“原打算或原希望做而没有做的事情。 eg:Did you attend Marys party yesterday? 昨天你参加玛丽的聚会了吗? 一Nobut I planned to(had planned to)没有,但我原打算去的。 考题6-1 (典型例题1 分 )-.Is John going away? -I think so. He _ for a better job, but he didnt get it. A. had hoped B. was hoped C. hoping D
12、. had hoping考题6-2 (典型例题,l 分)-.Why didnt you tell me what had happened to you? - but I was afraid that you would worry. A. I hoped so B. I would C. ld like to D. ld like to have考题6-1点拨:答案为A。had hoped to表示“原打算做而没有实现的愿望。句意为:“约翰走了吗?我认为是的,他原打算找一份更好的工作但没有找到。考题62点拨:答案为D。would liketo have done表示“我本打算做某事。句意为
13、:。你为什么不告诉我你所发生的事情?“我本来打算告诉你,但我怕你担忧。 四、重点句型 7make+it+adj十从句/不定式/动名词的固定句式eg: The man made it clear that he WOUldnt take the task这个人说得很清楚,他不想接这项任务。 We make it possibIe that well finish the work by four oclock this afternoon 今天下午4点以前我们能够完成工作。特别提醒:(1)make it+adj(宾补)这一句型中it为形式宾语。真正的宾语为后面的不定式,动名词或从句。 eg: s
14、he made it impossible to ask him to help us她认为叫他来帮助我们是不可能的。 (2)除了make可用it作形式宾语外。另外feelconsider,think,find等词后面也常接it作形式宾语。 eg: We feel it our duty to help others我们认为帮助别人是我们义不容辞的责任。考题7 (典型例题) Zhongguancun in China made possible for a gifted man to make his dream come true. A. that B. one C. this D. it考
15、题7点拨:答案为D。考查make it possible for sbto do sth。使某人可能干。句意为:“中国的中关村能使有才能的人在此实现他的梦想。五、词语辨析8I ikely,possible, probable (1)这三个词都表示可能性,程度稍有区别probable程度最强可译为“十有八九;其次是possible,然后是likely。 (2)possible,probable常用句型是: It is possible/probable to do/that不可以说sbis possible/probabIe to do/that (3)Iikely用法很灵活,可以说:sbis
16、likely to do,也可以说It is likely for sbTo do/that这事很有可能发生。 eg: 这事有可能发生。 正It is possible that it will happen 误The thing is possibIe to happen Its quite“kely that a decision will be made before the end of the year 很有可能在年末以前作出决定。 He is likely to have known about it他有可能已经知道了这件事。特别提醒:likely为形容词,可以用人来作主语,构成s
17、bis likely to do句型。考题8-1 (典型例题量检测题, 1分) you think he will suetS? Well, hes helped by so many classmates, whats more, he works extremely hard. so, he is to succeed. A proBAbly B likely C. possibly D. perhaps考题8-2 (典型例题 )Rainis in all parts of the country today, weather reports said. A. alike B. likel
18、y C. probable D. possible考题8一1点拨:答案为B。likely必须用be likely to do sth句意为:“他有那么多同学帮他,而且他学习特别卖力因此他很可能会成功。 考题82点拨:答案为B。sb/sthis likely to do“某人/某物有可能而possible,probable不能用人或物作主语。句意为; “天气预报说今天全国都有可能下雨。 语法归纳 精通规那么 游刃有余构词法(一) 本单元的语法重点是构词法。语言最根本的要素之一是词汇,在日常生活中人们使用的是少量而又简单的词汇,这些词表示简单的事物和概念。这些词是语言中最根本的词在语言上称为原生词
19、(primitives)也叫根本词或根词,随着语言的开展,原有的词已不够用,人们便按照一定的规律创造新词,称之为构词法(word forrfiation)。英语中的构词法有以下几种:1转化法:把一个单词由一种词类转化成另一种词类的方法。book(书)to book(订购) 名词动词 correct(正确的)to correct(改正) 形容词一动词 native(本地的)native(本地人) 形容词一名词2合成法:把两个或两个以上的词组成一个新词叫合成法。Broadband=broad+band(宽带) mankind=man+kind(人类)3缩略法:把一个词缩短,不增减意义也不改变意义。
20、 hiteeh=high+technology(高科技)e-school=electronic school网上 IT=Information technology信息技术CSA=Chinese Space Agency中国太空机构4缀合法:由词根加前缀、后缀构成新词的方法。 dis-honestdishonest不老实的extremelyextremely特别地 un=endlyunfriendlv不友好的特别提醒:一些常见的前缀 (1)co-一together/with共同一起coworker合作者cooperate共同合作 (2)supermore than usual超过superma
21、rket超市supernature超自然superheat过热 (3)trans across移上转上,在那一边translate翻译,转写transformer转变器,使变化的人(物) (4)tele:far远的telegraph电报telescope望远镜 (5)sub=under在下的subway地铁 (6)bio=life有生命的brography传记 (7)否认前缀: dis=agree同意disagree不同意appear出现disappear消失 cover覆盖discover发现 Un=able能够 unable不能 fair公平的 unfair不公平的limited有限的 u
22、n=limited无限的tie系上 untie解开 in=complete完全的 incomplete不完全的 correct正确的 incorrect不正确的 im=possible可能的 impossible不可能的patient耐心的 impatient不耐烦的 non=stop停止non-stop不停的 smoker吸烟者 non=smoker不吸烟者 mis= understand理解 misunderstand误解考题 根据构词法,猜想以下画线词的含义(1) My cousin has an excellent voice. Her dream is to be-come a su
23、perstar.A超人 B大人物 C超级明星 D球星(2) Its important to learn how to cooperate with others.A操作 B动手术 C控制 D共同合作考题点拨:答案为(1)c super表示。超级,超,star表示“明星。故superstar表示“超级明星。(2)D “co表示。together,with,operate表示“操作,cooperate表示“共同操作,共同合作。IV专题探究 由点及面 由表及里专题探究:专题详解:主要考查的知识点:时间、目的、条件、原因、地点和让步状语从句。重点复习:时间状语从句,尤其是as,since,while
24、,when, before。until等连接词。when,where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别、让步状语从句的倒装与非谓语动词作状语的区别和转化。考题 (典型例题)After the war, a new school building was set up there had once been a theatre. A. that B. where C. what D. who考题点拨:答案为B。这是where引导的状语从句,不能将其视为定语从句,因为没有先行词,故答案为B。V考题类型一网打尽 蓦然回首 灯火阑珊回忆1 测试考点 7 (典型例题分) The chairman thoug
25、ht necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. A. that B. it C. this D. him1B点拨: it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting。回忆2 测试专题探究 ( 典型例题 分 ) Dont leave the sharp knife our little Sane can get it. A. in which B. to which C. that D. where2D点拨:这是where引导的状语从句,不
26、能将其视为定语从句,因为没有先行词。 回忆3 测试专题探究 (典型例题)We were swim-ming in the lake suddenly the storm started. A. when B. while C. until D. before3A点拨:when引导的状语从句,表示“就在这时或那时。VI高考题预测 高瞻远瞩 占尽先机一、考情预测 年考情预测预测1:动词achieve的用法 预测根据:动词achieve可表示“(通过努力、技巧、勇气等)获得或到达预测2:动词词组put forward 预测根据:put forward可表示“提出主意、方案等;(把时钟)向前拨,是人教
27、版教材中新出现的一个动词词组,也是高考大纲中要求考生掌握的一个重点词组。 预测3:句型make it clear that 预测根据:句型make it clear that表示“把说明白/讲清楚,其中it是形式宾语,that是真正的宾语从句,clear是形容词作宾语补足语。这是一个常考句型,应引起考生的足够重视。 预测4:辨析:likely,probable,possible 预测根据:likely,probable,possible三个词的词性均为形容词,皆可用来表示“可能的,但使用的句式或语境有很大不同。likely的使用很灵活,可以出现在句型It is likely to do sth
28、或sbis likely to do sth中,而probable和possible不可由sb作 主语。另外,probable比possible的可能性要大。预测5:话题预测 本单元的中心话题是“科学成就,具体内容涉及科学家、科学假说、科学理论、科学发现、科学探索等。语言技能和语言知识都是依据“科学成就这一中心话题设计的。高考与之相关的题目会在阅读理解局部出现,涉及科学假说、科学探索等话题的可能性大,如克隆、外星人、不明飞行物、载人宇宙飞船等都是可能涉及的话题,考生备考时可了解有关的资料,有助于理解文章所要表达的内容。二、考题预测备考1测试考点1 Only by science and tec
29、hnology can we make our country stronger. A. rely on B. relying on C. depend on D. depending1B 点拨:by是介词,后接名词或动名词,可排除A、C项,D项搭配不对。备考2测试考点 2 If you keep on, you will your goal in the end. A. make B. get C. achieve D. expect2c 点拨:achieve ones goal“到达目标、实现目标为固定搭配。 备考3测试考点 3 We all our business affairs be
30、fore going on holiday. A. arranged B. took C. brought D. got3A点拨:arrange表示“安排。句意为:“在度假之前,我们把所有的商务方面的事情都安排好了。备考4测试考点 4 Since Yang Liwei space, China has succeeded in manned space flight. A. set foot B. set foot in C. set feet D. set down in4B点拨:set foot in表示“进入、踏入,in是介词,后接宾语space。备考5测试考点 6 -Have you
31、finished your task? -No, I to, but I had an unexpected visitor. A. planned B. plan C. has planned D. plans5C点拨:had planned to表示“本来方案,与事实相反。to后用省略句式。备考6测试考点8 Mary is to arrive in New York at 4:30 tomorrow morning. A. possible B. probable C. likely D. perhaps6c 点拨:主语是Mary,不能用possible,probable,perhaps作
32、表语。句型sbis likely to do sth表示“某人可能干某事。备考7测试考点7 Youll find it easy along with him. A. getting B. get C. to get D. gets7c 点拨:it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是to get along with him,easy是形容词作宾补。备考8测试考点 5 One left-winger has been for the Labour Partys National Executive. A. put up B. put off C. put forward D. put on8c点拨:此题考查与put有关的动词词组搭配,put forward表示“推举。句意为:“一名左翼成员被提名为工党全国执行委员会委员。