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1、高二英语 第二册 Unit 16 The United States of America人教版【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容Unit 16 The United States of America一重点单词二重点短语三重点句型二、知识精讲一重点单词1. sacrifice n. 牺牲；献身；祭品 短语：sell sth. at a sacrifice亏本出售某物。1) sacrifice表示 “牺牲；牺牲的事物；祭品时为可数名词；His parents made great sacrifices to pay for his education.他的父母为供他上学做出了很大牺牲。The you
2、ng communist gave his life as a sacrifice for his country.那位年轻的共产主义者为国捐躯了。They killed a sheep as a sacrifice.他们杀了一只羊做祭品。2) 表示“放弃某事物时为不可数名词。Getting rich isnt worth the sacrifice of your principle.为致富而牺牲原那么是不值得的。3) He sold his car at a sacrifice to pay off his debt.为了归还债务，他贱卖了他的汽车。vt. 牺牲；献身；把作祭品1) He
3、sacrificed his life to save the drowning child.他为拯救落水儿童献出了自己的生命。2) My uncle was forced to sacrifice his house in order to go abroad.为了出国，我叔叔被迫廉价出售他的房子。3) They sacrificed a lamb to God.他们以羔羊为祭品献给上帝。4) She has sacrificed herself to/for her husbands interest.为了丈夫的利益，她牺牲了自己。Exercises: Its the companys p
4、olicy to _ short-term profits for the sake of long-term growth.A. grasp B. get C. sacrifice D. cost At the _of his own comfort, he allowed the guest to use his own bed.A. sacrifice B. cost C. benefit D. loss2.overcome (overcame; overcome) 战胜；克服1) The learner of a second language has many problems to
5、 overcome.第二外语的学习者需要克服很多困难。2) That child succeeded in overcoming his fetal weakness.那个孩子成功的克服了自己的致命弱点。短语：be overcome by/with“不堪忍受；极为1) Many people in the crowd were overcome by the heat.人群中许多人热得要死。2) The driver was overcome by his tiredness and fell asleep in the bus.那个司机困得要命，在公车上睡着了。区分：overcome; wi
6、n; defeat; conquerovercome指克服困难、或克服感情，尤指克服精神方面的东西。He overcame his fear of the dark and marched in the dark.他战胜了对黑暗的恐惧，在黑暗中前进。win“赢得,获胜指通过努力在较强的竞争中取得胜利，它常跟的宾语有game, war, prize, fame, battle等。Only the girl won the first prize in the English Speaking Contest.只有那个女生在英语演讲比赛中获得了一等奖。defeat指击败对方获得胜利，它的宾语必须是
7、人或一个集体，如a team, a class, a school, an army。defeat尤指在战场上打败敌人。 The woman has been defeated in the recent election.在最近的选举中那个女士落选了。conquer“克服,“征服指借助于体力、精神或道德力量以控制人、物或情感，常有控制或占有的含义。Nothing can completely conquer a nation.没有什么可以完全战胜一个民族。Exercises: At the news of her sons death, the woman was _ with grief.
8、A. won B. beaten C. defeated D. overcome Greatly _ by surprise, the old professor could not know what to say.A. overcoming B. overcome C. overcame D. being overcome 填空1) One person_可以被战胜，but never_(征服)。2) We try all the means to_(克服任何困难)。3) Class One _(赢得了篮球比赛)yesterday.4) Its even difficult to_(征服一
9、个弱小的民族)。5) Nearly everyone in the family is_(喜出望外)。答案： D B 1) may be defeated; be conquered 2) overcome any difficulties 3) won the basketball match 4) conquer a weak nation 5) overcome with joy3. resist vt. 抵抗；对抗 1) 后可接名词、代词、动名词，但不可接不定式1) The PLA men resisted the attack bravely and won a great vict
10、ory.解放军战士勇敢的抵抗进攻，取得了重大胜利。2) Usually children like him cannot resist the attraction.通常像他这样的孩子无法抗拒这样的诱惑。3) This newly developed material resists water.这种新开发的材料防水。4) She resisted being carried off by the policeman.她拒绝被警察带走。(2) 注意：cant resist doing sth. 相当于 cant help doing sth. 都表示“禁不住做某事They couldnt re
11、sist laughing at the joke.听了这个笑话，他们都禁不住笑了。(3) resistance n. 抵抗；对抗；抵抗力Exercises: The goods were at special prices, so I couldnt _ my curiosity and walked in the shop.A. defeated B. reduce C. prevent D. resist 完成句子1) A country like that is unable to_(抵御来自其他国家的入侵)。2) The thief_(经不起诱惑偷了一辆电动自行车)。3) I_(禁不
12、住买了)a lot of candies.4) There has been_(很大的阻力)to this new law.答案： D 1) resist the invasion from other countries. 2) couldnt resist the attraction to steal an electric bike. 3) couldnt resist buying 4) much resistance二重点短语1. in vain徒劳；白辛苦。vain前面没有冠词，相当于副词vainly1) The French girl tried in vain to memo
13、rize the three Chinese poems.那个法国小姑娘怎么都没有把那三首中文诗背下来。2) In the flood, he tried to save his son from drowning, but in vain.洪水中，他试图救他儿子免于溺死，但一切都是徒劳。vain adj. 徒劳的；无益的；空虚的；自负的；得意的1) We have to say that his efforts are vain.我们必须要说，他的努力是徒劳的。2) He made a lot of vain promises but never carried them out.他作出了很
14、多虚假的承诺，但从未兑现过。3) She was vain of/about her good looks.她对她的美貌很自负。2. He insists on us showing him respect.他坚决要求我们要尊重他。insist on坚持做；坚决要求 后可接名词，代词或动名词1) All the employees insisted on the boss apology.所有的员工坚持要求老板抱歉。2) China will insist on self-reliance in developing its science and technology.在开展科学技术方面，中
15、国坚持自力更生。3) They insist on the parents coming to school.他们坚持要求父母来。拓展：1) We all insist that we (should)not rest until we finish the work.我们都坚持完成工作后再休息。2) They insisted that the woman scientist (should)be invited.他们坚持邀请那位女科学家。3) The judge insisted that the young man was innocent.法官坚持说，那个年轻人是无罪的。4) That
16、 fellow insisted that he didnt steal the motorbike.那个家伙坚持说他没有偷摩托车。总结：insist 后接that从句，如果表示“坚持要做某事时，从句中的谓语形式用“should+动词原形虚拟语气的形式，should可省略。但如果insist表示“坚持说，坚持认为某一事实时，从句中的谓语用陈述语气。3. This in turn had an effect on the food supply for wolves.这又对狼群的食物供给产生了影响。1) in turn 转而；反过来；轮流；依次1) He often jokes about ot
17、hers, and in turn they also laugh at him.他常开别人的玩笑，反过来别人也拿他开玩笑。2) Human beings pollute the environment, and in turn the polluted environment affects us.人类污染了环境，反过来污染的环境也影响我们。3) The students are not asked to answer the question in turn.学生们没被要求依次答复下列问题。4) All the members take it in turn to be on duty.所
18、有的成员轮流着值班。拓展：turn in 上交；呈递；交回；向揭发；上床睡觉1) The postgraduate turns in two essays every week.那个研究生每周交两篇论文。2) Dont forget to turn in your key before you leave the hotel.你离开宾馆时，不要忘记把钥匙交回。3) Would he turn me in for my stealing the golden watch?他会揭发我偷金表的事吗？4) The campers turn in as soon as it got dark.野营者天一
19、黑就睡觉了。2) supply n. 供给量；供给品；生活用品表示“供给品；生活用品时，多用复数形式；指“供给量时用单数形式；指“供给时为不可数名词。短语：a supply of 的供给1) Helicopters dropped supplies for the flooded areas.直升机为水灾地区投放了生活物品。2) We have a large supply of food, so there is no reason for panic.我们有充足的食物供给，没有理由恐慌。3) Water is in short supply in many big cities.有些大城市
20、水短缺。supply vt. “供给；供给短语：supply sb. with sth.; supply sth. for/to sb. “为提供The government supplies primary and middle school students with free textbooks.They supply much help to the students admitted to university.他们为被大学录取的学生提供许多资助。课文中的其他短语：4. be proud of引以为豪5. burn down使烧成平地；烧毁6. the number of 的数量7.
21、 die out烧灭；灭绝8. drive sb. off驱逐某人9. take away ones political rights剥夺某人的政治权利10. move away from从搬走11. recover from the destruction从破坏中恢复过来12. a series of fierce fights/conflicts 一连串剧烈的冲突13. take a chance冒险，碰运气14. aim at旨在，目的是15. make agreements with sb. 与某人达成协议16. lead sb. to do sth. 促使某人做某事17. in hu
22、ge numbers大量的18. on sale出售；减价【典型例题】1. Unluckily, all their attempts to rescue the child from the burning building were_.A. in place B. in turn C. in vain D. in order2. Dr. Kings efforts were not _ vain，and the segregation eventually came to an end.A. in B. at C. for D. by3. Her parents insisted that
23、 she _ a clever student and _ a better education.A. was; receive B. should be; received C. be; should received D. is; should receive4. He helps his neighbours, and _he gets much help from people around.A. by turns B. in turn C. on one hand D. from one thing5. Its always a good habit to _ the things
24、that dont belong to you.A. turn up B. turn away C. turn in D. turn to6. Its your duty to _the markets with products of high quality.A. offer B. send C. supply D. buy7. _with enough food and medicine, the victims of the earthquake are greatly comfortedA. Supplied B. Supplying C. Offering D. Offered答案
25、: 1. C 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. A三重点句型1. There are signs that a new, different South is coming out of its dark past.种种迹象说明，一个崭新的，截然不同的南部正从过去的黑暗中走出来。名词+that引导的同位语从句同位语从句多用that引导，用来说明前面名词的具体内容。有时不是紧跟在名词后，而是被其它词隔开。常接同位语从句的名词有：answer, belief, condition, decision, doubt, fact, dream, feeling, hope, id
26、ea, information, message, news, order, possibility, problem, promise, question, suggestion, truth, warning等。典型例句：1) We are very excited at the news that our Chinese athletes won many gold medals.我们听到中国运发动赢得了许多金牌的消息非常冲动。2) The fact that the contract was signed was important.签订了合同这件事本身就很重要。3) I dont b
27、elieve the rumour that he killed his daughter.我不相信他杀死了女儿的谣传。4) Weve just heard a warning on the radio that a typhoon may be on its way.我们刚从播送里听到了一那么警报，说有台风即将到来。拓展：同位语从句还可由whether, when, which, who, how, what, why等引出1) The question came up at the meeting whether we had enough money for the research.会
28、上提出了我们的研究经费是否足够的问题。 2) The question who was to blame has never been settled.该由谁来负责这个问题根本没有解决。3) I have no idea when she will be back from abroad.我不知道她什么时候从国外回来。2. The city saw a series of fierce fights between blacks and whites in the 1960s and在20世纪60年代，这座城市目睹了黑人和白人之间一连串剧烈的冲突The city saw在某段时期或地点发生，经
29、历，经受，目睹这是一种拟人化的写作手法，赋予无生命的主语以人或团体特有的动作，以增强句子的表现力。The year 1959 saw the first appearance of a real flying ship in the world.1959年世界上出现了第一艘真正的飞船。The next few years saw a series of bad harvests.接下来的几年里，发生了连年的粮食歉收。The city saw many changes in the past ten years.这个城市在过去的十年里经历了屡次变革。The fifth century saw t
30、he end of Roman Empire in the west.5世纪见证了西方罗马帝国的灭亡。3. I want other people to leave me alone.我想让别人不要管我。leave/letalone不理会；不打搅；不干预1) He is having a rest; leave him alone.他正在休息，不要管他。2) The boy was left alone at home 这个男孩被单独留在了家里。3) What I want is to be left alone. 我只想一个人呆在这里。4)I have told you to leave m
31、y things alone.我已经告诉过你不要动我的东西。5) I have to leave it alone. 我只好随它去了。拓展：leave sth. / sb. +形容词/介词/副词/不定式，表示：“使/让处于状态1) He went abroad, leaving his wife and children behind.他抛弃了妻子和儿女们到国外去了。2) It was the door guard that left all the classroom door open.是警卫使所有教室的门开着的。3) After school we all went home, leav
32、ing the door unlocked.放学后我们都回家了，忘记给门上锁。4) Dont leave the water running like this, it is a great waste.不要让水一直流着，这样太浪费了。5) His mother died, leaving his father to look after the children.他妈妈去世了，留下他父亲一个人照顾几个孩子。总结：这一句型中，不定式表示当时那个动作还未发生；现在分词表示动作的延续；过去分词表示和前面的名词是被动关系或动作已完成。leave的其他短语：leavebehind留下，忘记携带; le
33、ave off停止，戒除; leave out省略，忽略，遗漏; leave over剩下食物1) No one knew who left his watch behind.没有人知道是谁把表留下来的。2) He was diagnosed with cancer and he has left off his work.他被诊断患了癌症，已经停止了工作。3) The most important point was left out in the agreement.协议中遗漏了最重要的一点。4) Nothing was left over from the party.宴会后没有剩下食物
34、。【典型例题】1. Information has been put forward _more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A. while B. that C. when D. as2. There is a popular belief among parents _schools dont pay any attention to handwriting.A. whose B. that C. which D. in which3. Some researchers believe that th
35、ere is no doubt _a cure for AIDS will be found.A. which B. that C. what D. whether4. A story goes _Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.A. when B. where C. what D. that5. The year 1949_the foundation of the Peoples Republic of Chin
36、a.A. saw B. watched C. observed D. noticed6. Words _me when I wanted to express my thanks to him for having saved my son.A. left B. discouraged C. failed D. disappointed7. Was the door of the dining room _last night?I dont know either.A. stayed open B. remained open C. left open D. kept open8. With
37、the windows left _, the house-wife was always feeling anxious.A. opening B. to open C. be open D. open答案: 1. B 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. D动词时态 预习导学观察下面句子中的黑体局部，指出其语法功能。1. As you can see, the number of cars on our roads keeps rising these days.2. When will you come to see me, dad?I will go to
38、see you when you finish the training course.3. Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18:20.4. What are you going to do this afternoon?Im going to the cinema with some friends. The film finishes quite early, so we are going to the bookstore after that.5. You are always forgetting
39、things.6. Im going to leave at the end of this month.I dont think you should do that until youve found another job.7. Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didnt want her parents to know what she was doing.8. John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000
40、 more than he had planed for the wedding.9. Now that he is out of job, Lucy has been considering going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.10. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt will have left for London to attend a meeting.【模拟试题】答题时间：40分钟一、完形填空 The survey about childhood in the Third World
41、shows that the struggle for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world, children can 1 from a different kind of poverty-of the spirit. 2 , one Western country alone now sees 14000 attempted suicides (自杀) every year by children under 15, and one child 3 five needs psychiatric (心理) advice.There
42、are many good things about 4 in the Third World. Take the close and constant relation between children and their parents, relatives and neighbours for example. In the West, the very nature of work puts distance between 5 and children. But in most Third World villages mother and father do not go mile
43、s away each day to work in offices. 6 , the child sees mother and father, relations and neighbours working 7 and often shares in that work.A child 8 in this way learns his or her role through joining in the communitys 9 : helping to dig or build, look after animals or babiesrather than 10 playing wi
44、th water and sand in kindergarten, keeping pets 11 playing with dolls.These children may grow up with a less oppressive sense of space and time than the 12 children. Their sense of days and time has a lot to do with the change of seasons and positions of the sun or the moon in the sky. Children in t
45、he rich world, 13 ,are provided with a watch as one of the 14 signs of growing up, so that they can 15 along with their parents about being late for school times, meal times, bed times, the times of TV shows.Third World children do not usually 16 to stay indoors, still less in high-rise apartments (
46、公寓). Instead of dangerous road, “keep off the grass signs and “dont speak to strangers, there is often a sense of 17 to study and play. Parents can see their children outside rather than observe them 18 from ten floors up. 19 , twelve million children under five still die every year through hunger and