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1、单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,初中英语三大从句,一、宾语从句,1.宾语：,1）I like,English.,2）She enjoys,watching TV.,宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。,宾语由,名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,。,2.宾语从句：,1）We know the man.,2）We know that he is a good man.,充当宾语成分的句子叫做宾语从句,。,3.宾从的判断：,动词,介词 宾语从句,形容词,4.引导词：,1）that：,that 在从句中无实际含义，不充当成分，在口语
2、中往往省略。,e.g.I believe that you are the best.,2）whether/if:,e.g.I asked whether he wanted to go shopping with me.,if/whether 引导的宾语从句，表示“是否.”,不能省略，在大部分情况下二者可以互换，但在以下情况中,只能用whether，而不能用if。,后面有or not,；,在介词的后面,；,e.g:I am interested in whether he will come tomorrow.,在不定式 to do 前,e.g:I dont know whether to
3、do it.,在谓语动词discuss的后面,3,）,特殊疑问词,疑问副词,含义,例句,充当成分,how,如何,He asked how he could finish the task.,方式状语,where,哪里,He asked where I lived.,地点状语,when,什么时候,He asked when I would leave for Beijing.,时间状语,why,为什么,He asked why I was worried.,原因状语,分两类：疑问副词和疑问代词。,疑问副词只能做,状语,疑问代词,可做主语、宾语、表语等成分。,疑问副词,含义,例句,充当成分,who
4、,谁,I dont know who cleaned the window.,主语、宾语和表语,whom,谁（作宾语）,He asked whom I would meet.,宾语,what,什么,He asked what I liked.,主语、宾语,whose,谁的,He asked whose book this was.,定语、表语,which,哪一个,He asked which book I liked.,定语,5.宾从的语序：,1）区分陈述语序&疑问语序,陈述语序：主语+谓语+其他,疑问语序：谓语提到主语前（有情提情、有be提be、无情无be请求助）,2）宾从的语序：陈述语序,
5、3）引导词在从句中作主语，从句语序与疑问句相同：,What,s the matter?,Would you tell me wha,s the matter?,What,s wrong with you?,She didn,t tell me what was wrong with you.,6.宾从的时态：,主句为一般现在时，从句可以用语境所需要的任何时态.,主句为一般过去时，从句用相应的过去的时态。,从句内容为客观真理，从句仍然用一般现在时。,口诀：,主现从随意，主过从过，真理永一现。,【课堂练习】,1,We dont know,_,but it tells us the importan
6、ce of friendship.,Awhat the story is about,Bwhether the story is true,Cwhen did the story take place,2,Could you tell me _?,Throwing off poverty（脱贫）.,Awho people often talk about this year,Bwhat people often talk about this year,Cwhich do people often talk about this year,3,-Hi,Alice.I wonder _.,-I
7、often go swimming in the sports center.,Awhere you skate Bwhat you do on the weekend,Cwhen you exerciseDwhether you enjoy your weekend,4,My cousin will drive me to school today,but I dont know _.,Awhat hell doBwhere hell go,Cwhen well leaveDwhy well go there,B,B,B,C,二、定语从句,1、,理解“定语”：定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或
8、代词的品质与特征的。,分析以下例句的句子成分：,1）The handsome boy is her friend.,请翻译此句：,这个帅气的男孩是她的朋友,。,The handsome boy是：,主语,。,is是：,谓语,。,her friend是：,表语,。,handsome是：,定语,作用是 修饰后面的名词boy,。,her是：,定语,作用是,修饰后面的名词friend,。,2）The handsome boy,who is singing,is her friend.,请翻译此句：这个正在唱歌的帅气男孩是她的朋友,。,此句中，,who is singing作为 定语 成分，作用是 修饰
9、前面的名词boy 。,2、,定语从句的定义：在复合句中作定语的句子叫做定语从句，定语从句的作用是修饰前面的先行词或主句中的其他成分。,I have a sister.She is a student.,请把这两个简单句改成包含定语从句的复合句。,I have a sister who is a student.,定语从句的关系词分类：,关系词,被修饰的先行词,关系词在定从中的作用,关系代词,that,人/物,主语、宾语、表语,which,物,主语、宾语,who,人,主语、宾语,whom,人,宾语,whose,人/物,定语,关系副词,when,时间,时间状语,where,地点,地点状语,why,
10、原因,原因状语,注意:1）,定语从句关系词不能为what。,2）关系代词that，which，who，whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略，但“介词+关系代词”的结构中，关系代词不可省略。,3)介词+which:先行词是物，介词+whom：先行词是人,关系代词,1）that：that可代替which，who，whom，做从句的宾语时可以省略，作主语不可省。,This is the bottle(that)I like best.,I have a dress that is beautiful.,只能用that的情况,：,先行词含有no,few,some,any,all,something等
11、不定代词,All that we have to do is to finish the task.,先行词被序数词修饰时,The first lesson that I learnt will never be forgotten.,先行词被最高级修饰时,This is the most beautiful park that I have ever been to.,先行词含有the only,the very,the same,the last表示特指的词时,He is the last person that I want to be with.,先行词中既有人又有物时,They ta
12、lked about the things and people that they liked best.,不用that的情况,前有介词,：This is the house in which I live.,【课堂练习】,1.One day Mike went with his father to see,his grandparents,_,live in a small town.,A.which B.where C.when D.who,2.,The bicycle,_,he wanted was at least$90.,A.who B.whichC.whatD.how,3,.,T
13、he girl,_,is singing in the stage is my neighbor.,A.she B.whichC.whomD.who,1.This is,the worst novel,_,I have ever read.,Awhich B.where C.that D.what,4,.He said,nothing,_,made me angry.,A.that B.which C.as D.it,D,B,D,C,A,三、让步状语从句,1.定义：让步状语从句是状语从句的一种，一般翻译为,“,无论 ”，“即使，“无论”，“尽管,”,。,2.引导状语从句的连词主要有 altho
14、ugh，though，even if，,9,even though，no mater+疑问词，whether.or。,翻译：尽管他没有说什么，我明白他的意思。,(,)John said he wasnt frightened,_,I can feel his heart quickly.,A.Although;but B.Although;/C.But;/D.Though;but,总结：,though和although不能与 but 连用，可以和 still ，yet 连用强调对比,。,易混词：though conj.尽管 thought n.思想 through prep.通过,B,Alth
15、ough he said nothing,I understand his meaning.,2）,even if 和even though表示“即使”，“纵使”。,这两个复合连词的意思基本相同，常互换使用，也可和although/though互换使用，,但even if/though语气更强烈。,Exercises,完成句子尽管他学习很努力，他最后还是失败了。,Even if he studied hard，he failed at last.,3）,whetheror“不管是还是”。,由此复合连词引导的让步状语从句，旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响,主句的意向或结果，所以它的语气是比
16、较强烈的，也更加坚定了主句的内容。,Exercises,翻译：不管你想不想去，你都要去。,Whether you want to go or not,you have to go.,4）,“no matter疑问词”，或“疑问词ever”，表示“无论”,Exercises,翻译：,1.无论你去哪里，无论你做什么，我都会在这里等你。,Wherever you go,whatever you do,I will be right here waiting for you.（摘自歌曲Right Here Waiting）,（转为同义句）,No matter where you go,no matte
17、r what you do,I will be right here waiting for you.,四、原因状语从句,引导词,用法【语气强烈程度becausesinceas】,because,意为“因为”，表因果的语气最强。可以回答以why引导的特殊疑问句，强调因果关系。,Im leaving because,Im fed up with him.,注意：,判断正误。,Because it was raining,we stayed at home.（,T,）,It was raining,so we stayed at home.（,T,）,Because,it was raining,
18、so we stayed at home.（,F,）,总结：,because和so不能连用,用because或because of填空。He didnt get the job,because,he is too old.He didnt get the job,because of,his age.,总结：,because后面加句子，because of后面加短语。,since,意为“既然，由于”，引导众所周知的原因，通常位于句首。,Since,Monday is his birthday,lets give him a party.,as,意为“由于”，引导很明显的原因，与since用法大
19、致相同。位于句首或句中。,She didnt hear us come in,as,she was asleep.,1.I taught them to sing,_,music can bring them joy and peace.,A.so B.although C.because D.and,2,.The meeting was put off,_,the heavy rain.,A.as B.since C.because D.because of,3,.,_,I stayed up late last night,_,I was tired this morning.,A.Bec
20、ause;but B./；so C.Because;so D.Because of;so,C,D,B,五、地点状语从句,引导词,用法,where,意为“在的地方”。位于句首或句中。where+陈述句语序。,He lives,where,the climate is cool.,wherever,意为“在任何的地方”。位于句首或句中。wherever+陈述句语序。,You can sit,wherever,you like.,六、结果状语从句,1、定义：结果状语从句一般用来补充说明主句中的动作或状态所产生的结果，,通常位于主句之后。,2、引导词：,1)sothat,句型1：,so+adj./ad
21、v.+that,。,e.g.It was so dark that I couldnt see anything.,句型2：,so+adj.+a/an+单数可数名词+that,。,She is so nice a person that everyone likes her.,句型3:so many/few+可数名词复数+that。,We have so many books that we cant finish reading them in this week.,We have so few books that we cant give them to other students.,
22、句型4：so much/little+不可数名词+that。,He has so much homework to do that he cant go out with us.,He has so little money that he cant afford any food.,2)suchthat,句型1：,such a/an(adj.)+可数名词单数+that。,He is such a clever boy that I like him very much.,请用,“so+adj.+a/an+单数可数名词+that”的句型写出同义句,。,He is so clever a boy
23、 that I like him very much.,句型2：,such+adj+不可数名词/可数名词复数+that,。,It is such fine weather that I want to go out.,【课堂练习】,1.The children have,_,homework,_,they cant go to sleep on time.,A.so many;that,B.such many;that,C.so much;that,D.such much;that,2.When I was young,I was,_,nervous that I couldnt talk t
24、o anyone.,A.tooB.toC.such,D.so,3.The camera is,_,expensive,_,I cant afford it.,A.very,soB.too,to C.so,that,D.enough,that,4.I was _ excited _I could not fall asleep.,A.as;asB.so;asC.too;to D.so;that,5,.English is,_,a useful language,_,it is spoken in many Countries of the world.,A.sothatB.suchthat,C.
25、sobecause,D.suchbecause,CDCDB,七、时间状语从句,1,.“,当,时,”,引导词,用法,when,1)意为,“当.时候”.,，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。,2）观察例句：He was doing homework,when,his mother came back.I met my best friend,when,I was talking.,when引导的时间状语从句可接,A B,（A.延续性动词 B.短暂性动词）,3）When后不限动词时态，但是表过去时，用,一般过去时,，表将来时，用,一般现在时,。,e.g.When I dived,I saw
26、the amazing undersea world.When I get there next time,I will dive again.,while,意为,“当.时候”,，引导的从句常用,延续性,动,词或表示,状态,的动词。,e.g.While I,am doing,my homework,my mother,is cooking,.While I,am doing,my homework,the TV,is on,.,【区分】,While也可以作并列连词，表示两者之间的对比关系，意为,然而,。,e.g.I like watching TV,while my brother likes
27、 listening to music.,as,意为,随着,。,e.g.We get wiser as we grow older.,口诀when后,长短,while后,长,；两长,while,，两短,when,，一边一边用,as,。,Exercises：,1.I am very excited,_,I hear that there is going to be a football match on TV,next Saturday night.,A.when B.so C.until D.before,2.I,_,the football match when you suddenly,
28、_,me.,A.watched;called,B.watched;was calling,C.was watching;called D.was watching;was calling,3.The little boy fell asleep,_,his mother was singing him a nice song.,A.while B.after C.before D.so,4.-,_,years go by,China is getting richer and stronger.,-We hope our country will be better and better.,A
29、.As B.When C.While D.Since,A,C,A,A,2.“,直到,”,引导词,用法,until/till,until意为,直到,。,e.g.You may stay here until/till the rain stops.,2.notuntil 意为,直到.才,。也可以将not换为,never,等表示否定的词。,e.g.He did not go to bed until he had finished his work.,注意：主句用,A.延续性动词,时，使用until/till引导从句。主句用,B.短暂性动词,时，使用notuntil引导从句。,【A.延续性动词 B
30、.短暂性动词】,e.g.We mustnt get out of the bus until it stops.You may stay here until/till the rain stops.,Exercises:,1.I wont believe that the five-year-old boy could read magazines,I tested,him myself.,A.if B.when C.after,D.until,2.Dont hurry.The bus wont start,everybody gets on.,A.since B.as,C.until,D.
31、when,1.“,一,就,”,引导词,用法,as soon as,意为,一就,。表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生。通常遵循主将从现原则。,e.g.As soon as he arrives,I will call you.I will play with you as soon as I finish my homework.,Exercises,：,1.He,you as soon as he,home.,A.calls;arrives B.will call;will arrive,C.will call;arrive,D.will call;arrives,2.I helped
32、my mum with housework yesterday,I got home.,A.as soon as,B.before C.until D.while,1.“,在,前,/,后,”,引导词,用法,before,意为,在.之前,。表示主句的动作发生在从句,之前,。,e.g.She will call me before she leaves.,after,意为,在.之后,。表示主句的动作发生在从句,之后,。,e.g.She will call me after she leaves.,Exercises,：,1.The boy ran away _ I could say a word
33、.,A.before,B.whenC.untilD.after,八、条件状语从句,1.“,如果,”,引导词,用法,If,意为,如果,，引导条件状语从句。,e.g.If it snows tomorrow,we will build a snowman.,【区分】意为,是否,，引导宾语从句。,e.g.He asked me if I could help him.,Exercises,：,1.,we dont save water,we will have no water to drink one day.,A.Where B.When C.Although,D.If,2.What,they
34、do if they,the bus?,A.do;will miss B.will;misses,C.will;miss,D.will;will miss,2.“,除非,”,引导词,用法,unless,意为,除非,，=,if not,.,e.g.You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.=You will fail to arrive there in time if you dont start earlier.,Exercises:,1.,he is under 16,he will be allowed
35、to drink alcohol.,A.Since B.Because C.If,D.Unless,2.-Mom,can t watch TV now?,-No.You,watch TV,you have finished your homework.,A.cant;if,B.mustnt;unless,C.may;unless D.should;if,1.“,只要,”,引导词,用法,so/as long as,意为,只要,。,e.g.As long as you are here,I will be fine.,e.g.My ruler is as long as yours.,【区分】意为
36、,和.一样长,。,Exercises:,1.A mothers love will stay with a child,he needs it.,A.as long as,B.as much as C.as many as D.as far as,2.-I think using computer screens are bad for our eyes.,-But they will be helpful for us,we put them into good use.,A.as soon,B.as long as,C.until D.so that,4.,时态口诀：,主将从现,，,主情从
37、现,，,主祈从现,，,真理永一现,。,e.g.Panda will sit in the tree if he feels happy.,Sit in the tree if you feel happy.,You can sit in the tree if you feel happy.,If temperature is below 0,，,water turns into ice.,在主将从现的结构中，一般将来时只能用,will,，不能用,be going to,。,九、目的状语从句,引导词,用法,so that,意为,为了，以便于,。,e.g.We are climbing high
38、er so that we can get a better view.,in order that,意为,为了，以便于,。,e.g.I am going to take driving lessons in order that I can drive.,【课堂练习】,1.The boy saved every coin,he could buy his mother a present.,A.in order toB.because,C.so that,D.however,2.Nowadays,laptop is becoming smaller and smaller,it can be
39、 carried around,.,A.so that;easy B.in order to;easily C.so;easy,D.so that;easily,3.Please open the window _ we can breathe fresh air.,A.if,B.so that,C.such thatD.even if,综合练习,1.,-What did your teacher say to you?,-She asked me,_,.,A.that do I fail the test B.that I fail the test,C.why I failed the t
40、estD.why did I fail the test,2,.I had been looking for the book for two days,_,I found it at last.,A.until B.when C.while D.after,3,.,_,he is over 65,hes very fit and still enjoys,working.,A.If B.WhenC.Because D.Although,4,.-Will you please show me _WeChat to talk to others?,-Sure,its quite easy.,A.
41、how can I use B.what can I use C.what to use D.how to use,5,.He always tried to help people,_,were in trouble.,A.whichB.whoC.whyD.when,C,A,D,D,B,6,._you return the books to the library on time,you won,t be able to borrow,more books.,A.Unless,B.WhenC.SinceD.If,7,.-What do you think of Li Lin?,-Oh,she
42、 always works,_,hard,_,she pays little attention to her family.,A.too,to,B.very,that,C.so,thatD.such,that,8,.You wont find paper cutting difficult,_,you keep practice it.,A.even though B.so long as C.as if D.unless,9,.I made,_,terrible mistake that everybody was surprised.,A.so a B.such a C,so the D.such the,A,C,D,B,