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1、状语从句状语从句 状语从句按其意义和作用可分为状语从句按其意义和作用可分为:1.时间状语从句时间状语从句 2.地点状语从句地点状语从句 3.原因状语从句原因状语从句 4.目的状语从句目的状语从句 5.结果状语从句结果状语从句 6.条件状语从句条件状语从句 7.方式状语从句方式状语从句 8.比较状语从句比较状语从句 9.让步状语从句让步状语从句1、时间状语从句、时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的从属连词引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：有：when,while,as,whenever,before,after,since,till,until,as soon as,once,hardlywhen,no
2、 soonerthan等引导。如：等引导。如：When he was still a young man,he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.It has been 15 years since he left.Ill tell him the news as soon as I see him.Once you have got used to it,you will like it.I waited till he had finished his work.注意：注意：（1）when,as,while whe
3、n即可引导持续性动作，又可即可引导持续性动作，又可引导短暂性动作。它可以表示主句的引导短暂性动作。它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。如：的动作发生在主句动作之前。如：When I was a boy,I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.（同时）（同时）When the lesson was over,we began our writing.（从句动作在前）（从句动作在前）as引导持续性动作，侧重主句和从引导持续性动作，侧重主句和从句的动作同时发生。句的动作同时发生。He hur
4、ried home,looking behind as he went.I saw your sister as she was getting on the bus yesterday.He sang as he walked.as也可表示也可表示“随着随着”，但要注意与，但要注意与with的区别：的区别：As the day went on,the weather got even cold.(从句，从句，故用谓语动词）故用谓语动词）With the day going on,the weather got even cold.(介词，介词，故用非谓语）故用非谓语）While：指的是指的是
5、“在某一时间在某一时间里里”，“在在期间期间”，从句里的动作必须是持续性从句里的动作必须是持续性的，它也强调主句和从句动的，它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重主作的同时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比。句和从句动作的对比。如：如：While he was in London,he studied music.While we were watching TV,he was writing a composition.while也可做并列连词，表示对照的也可做并列连词，表示对照的含义，意思为含义，意思为“然而然而”。如：。如：He is tall while his brother i
6、s short.当当when,as,while表示表示“在在一段一段时间里时间里”，主从句的动作同时发生时，主从句的动作同时发生时，可以换用。如：可以换用。如：While(When或或As)we were discussing,Mr.Smith came in.（2）如果）如果when和和before引导的从引导的从句位于主句之后，有时不能译成句位于主句之后，有时不能译成“当当时候时候”和和“在在之前之前”，而要译，而要译成成“就就”、“才才”、“这时这时”等。如：等。如：The struggle lasted four years before the North won in the en
7、d.He almost knocked me down before he saw me.She had not been married many weeks when the man saw her and was struck by her beauty.I was walking in the street when I saw him.before 的句型：的句型：It wont be long before sb.does sth.不用多久不用多久某人就会某人就会It will be long before sb.does 要过很久某人才要过很久某人才会会It was long b
8、efore sb.did sth.过很久某人才做过很久某人才做It will be+一段时间一段时间+before sb.does 某人要过某人要过多长时间才做多长时间才做It was+一段时间一段时间+before sb.did sth.某人过了某人过了多长时间才做多长时间才做 (3)by the time,each time,every time,immediately,the moment,the instant,the minute,soon after,shortly after都可以作为连词，引导都可以作为连词，引导时间状语。如：时间状语。如：By the time he was
9、fourteen,he had taught himself advanced mathematics.注意注意by the time 的用法的用法by the time+现在时，主句用将来完成时现在时，主句用将来完成时例如：例如：By the time he arrives,we will already have left California.by the time+一般过去时，主句用过去完成一般过去时，主句用过去完成时例如：时例如：By the time he arrived,we had already left California.Each time he came,he wou
10、ld call on me.You must show him in immediately he comes.I recognized him the moment I saw him.(4)till和和until 如果主句谓语动词是持续动词，如果主句谓语动词是持续动词，通常用肯定式的主句，表示通常用肯定式的主句，表示“直到直到为止为止”。如：。如：I worked till(until)he came back.如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词，如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词，则用否定式的主句表示则用否定式的主句表示“直到直到 才才”。如：。如：I didnt go to bed until(til
11、l)he came back.放在句首表示强调时一般用放在句首表示强调时一般用 until。如：。如：Until he returns,nothing can be done.注意注意：Not until his mother called did he get up.(不倒装为不倒装为e didnt get up until his mother called.)It was not until his mother called that he got up.(not until的强调结构为的强调结构为it is/was not untilthat)(5)用用no sooner than
12、和和 hardlywhen 引导的从句表示引导的从句表示“刚刚就就”，主句中的动，主句中的动词一般用过去完成时，从句用过词一般用过去完成时，从句用过去时若把去时若把no sooner,hardly 提提到句首，主句倒装到句首，主句倒装例如：He had no sooner got to the lab than he set out to do the experiment.该句倒装为：No sooner had he got to the lab than he set out to do the experiment.（6）时间状语从句中谓语动词）时间状语从句中谓语动词 不能用任何一种将来
13、时，不能用任何一种将来时，只能用现在时和过去时表只能用现在时和过去时表 示将来时。示将来时。2、地点状语从句、地点状语从句:通常由连词通常由连词where和和wherever等引导。等引导。如：如：Go back where you came from.Wherever you go,you must write to your parents.Where there is a will,there is a way.Where there is too much,the poison and waste may do great harm to the things around us.注意
14、：不要和注意：不要和where引导的引导的定语从句相混淆例如：定语从句相混淆例如：We shall go where working conditions are difficult.We shall go to the place where working conditions are difficult.(状语从句状语从句)(定语从句定语从句)3、原因状语从句、原因状语从句:通常由连词：通常由连词：because,as,since,now that引导。区别是引导。区别是:because：表示：表示“因为因为”，直接而明确的，直接而明确的原原 因和理由，语气最强，因和理由，语气最强，wh
15、y提提 问的句子，一般都用问的句子，一般都用because 回答。回答。He didnt come because he was ill.注意：注意：在强调句中强调原因状语从句，在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用只能用because引导，不可用引导，不可用as或或 since，如：，如：It was because he was ill that he didnt go with us.because可以引导表语从句，而可以引导表语从句，而as,since不可以，但仅用于以下句型不可以，但仅用于以下句型:This/That/It is because Its because he is too
16、 lazy.since：表示：表示“既然既然”，语气比，语气比because弱。弱。Since you are here,you must do it.as：表示：表示“因为因为”语气比语气比because轻，轻，引引 导从句可放主句前也可放主句后。导从句可放主句前也可放主句后。You neednt go with me,as you are busy.As I was afraid,I hid myself.now that意思与意思与since相似，表示相似，表示“既然既然”。Now that you are in High School,you will probably spend m
17、ore in reading.Now that all the guests have arrived,lets have our dinner.for也表示也表示“因为因为”，但是并列，但是并列连词，它连接的不是状语从句，连词，它连接的不是状语从句，语气比较强。语气比较强。For引导从句不说引导从句不说明主句发生的直接原因，只是提明主句发生的直接原因，只是提供一些补充说明，且不位于句首供一些补充说明，且不位于句首 It must be morning,for the birds are singing.seeing that(既然)和 in that(因为)Seeing that the w
18、eather is bad,well stay at home.I like the city,but I like the country better in that I have more friends in the country.4、目的状语从句、目的状语从句:通常由通常由that,so that,in order that,sothat,lest(以免，以防）以免，以防）,in case（以防、（以防、免得），免得），for fear that(以免）等引导：以免）等引导：He got up early in order that he could catch the early
19、 bus.She married him so that she might tend and comfort him.I explained again and again in case he should misunderstand me.lest，in case,for fear that后面常用虚拟后面常用虚拟语气，也就是说其引导的状语从句常用语气，也就是说其引导的状语从句常用“(should)+动词原形动词原形”。例如：。例如：I hid the book lest(=for fear that)he should see it.目的状语从句中谓语动词常含有目的状语从句中谓语动词常
20、含有may (might),can(could)should,will等情等情 态动词。态动词。5、结果状语从句、结果状语从句:由由that,so that,sothat,suchthat引导：引导：It was very cold,so that the river froze.The book is so written that it gives a quite wrong idea of the facts.There were so many people(=such a lot of people)in the room that we could not get in.He ma
21、de such an excellent speech that every one admired him.注意：注意：so that 既可引导目的状语既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句，从句，又可引导结果状语从句，其区别在于：引导结果状语从句其区别在于：引导结果状语从句时通常用逗号同主句分开时通常用逗号同主句分开He made a wrong decision,so that half of his lifetime was wasted.(结果状语从句)They started early so that they might arrive in time.(目的状语从句)6、条
22、件状语从句、条件状语从句:由由 if,unless,as long as(=so long as)(只要只要),in case(that)(如果，万如果，万一一),suppose(that),supposing(that),given(that)(在在的情况下的情况下,假定假定),granted that(就算就算),on condition that,provided that,providing that等引导：等引导：例如：例如：I shall not go to the cinema unless I finish my homework before eight.You may go
23、 swimming on condition that you dont swim too far away from the river bank.As long as you keep on trying,you will surely succeed.Suppose that I dont have a day off,what shall we do?In case John comes,please tell him to wait.Granted that hes not brilliant,he at least woks hard.注意：注意：条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时条件状
24、语从句中的谓语动词的时态不可用将来时，只能用现在时态或态不可用将来时，只能用现在时态或过去时态表示将来时。过去时态表示将来时。7、方式状语从句、方式状语从句:由连词：由连词：as,as if,as though引导：引导：The teacher told the students to do as he did.Leave it as it is.He heard a noise,as if someone was breathing.I saw the man looking about him as if he wished to impress upon his mind everyth
25、ing.as if和和as though意义和用法大致一意义和用法大致一样，引导的从句多用虚拟语气，但也样，引导的从句多用虚拟语气，但也可用陈述语气。可用陈述语气。He treats me as if I were his own son.He walked as if he were drunk.8、比较状语从句、比较状语从句:由连词由连词asas,not so(as)as,than等引导：等引导：I hope it was as good as the one you lent me.Actually the ocean floor are almost as irregular as t
26、he exposed land area.No one can be more fit for his office than he is.He cant run so fast as she.注意：注意：“the+比较级比较级(接从句接从句)，the+比比较较 级级(接主句接主句)，这一句型也归在比，这一句型也归在比 较状语从句内。如：较状语从句内。如：The more you study,the more you know.The harder we work,the happier we feel.注意注意:以下以下as用于表示比较的结构用于表示比较的结构A is to B as C i
27、s to D.=A is to B what C is to D.=As C is to D,so A is to B.例如:Water is to fishes as air is to men.Water is to fishes what air is to men.As air is to men,so water is to fishes.9、让步状语从句、让步状语从句:由由though,although,as(虽虽然尽管然尽管),even if,even though,wh-ever,no matter-wh,whetheror(无论是无论是还是还是),引导引导.whateverw
28、hoeverwhicheverwheneverwhereverhoweverwh-everno matter whono matter whatno matter whichno matter whenno matter whereno matter howno matter wh-whatever/whoever/whichever/既可引导让步状语从句(=no matter what/who/which),又可引导名词性从句(=anything that/anyone who/anyone that)Whoever(=Anyone who)does business with that f
29、ellow is bound to lose money.Whatever(=No matter what)you do,do it well.Whenever(=no matter when)you call on me,you are always welcome.Wherever(no matter where)you work,you can always find time to study.Take the one you like best,whichever(no matter which)it is.注意注意:No matter who gives us help is we
30、lcome.Whoever gives us help is welcome.任何帮助我们的人会受到欢迎任何帮助我们的人会受到欢迎.Ill believe no matter what he says.Ill believe whatever he says.我相信他说的一切我相信他说的一切.(正正)(误误)(正正)(误误)Though he is old,yet he is active.Although most of the people agreed,some were not willing to accepted.Proud as the nobles are,he is afra
31、id to see me.We wouldnt lose heart even if we should fail ten times.No matter what I say or how I say it,he always thinks Im wrong.Whether he comes or not,well discuss the problem this afternoon.注意：注意：（1）让步状语从句在句中的位置）让步状语从句在句中的位置可放前也可放后，有时还可以插在可放前也可放后，有时还可以插在主句中间，前置时，强调主句内容，主句中间，前置时，强调主句内容，后置时强调从句内容
32、。后置时强调从句内容。（2）though与与although同义，用同义，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化；法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化；后者较正式，多放于句首，不能与后者较正式，多放于句首，不能与but连用，但可以与连用，但可以与yet,still等连用，等连用，用来加强语气。用来加强语气。Though(Although)he was tired,yet(still)he went on working.（3）as/though引导让步状语从句时引导让步状语从句时从句部分从句部分语序要部分倒装。adj./v./n./adv.+as/though+主语主语+谓语谓语 Young as he is,he can read and write in several foreign language.（表语提前）（表语提前）Child as he was,he had to support the family.（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）Hard as he studies,he can not pass the exam.(副词提前副词提前)Try as he would,he might fail again.(动词提前动词提前)