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1、定语从句定语从句及练习及练习概念概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子的句子.(Attributiveclause)Maryisabeautifulgirl.Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.形容词作定语形容词作定语句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰girl,叫做叫做定语从句定语从句Maryisagirl.Maryhaslonghair.合并为一个句子合并为一个句子Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.1.Themanisaworker.2.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.合并句子合并句子:Themanwhoisspe
2、akingatthemeetingisaworker.先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.关系关系代词代词关系副词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatWhere,when,why当先行词是物时当先行词是物时,用用which或或that引导引导.Thesearethetreeswhich/thatwereplantedlastyear.当先行词是人时当先行词是人时,用用who,whom,whose,that引导引导.Thisisthestudentwho/that/whomImetyesterday.一。关系代词引导的
3、定语从句一。关系代词引导的定语从句who,whom,whose,that用法区别用法区别.who作定语从句的作定语从句的主语或宾语主语或宾语.Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.分解分解作主语作主语Whom作定语从句的作定语从句的宾语宾语Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.分解分解作宾语作宾语whose作定语从句的作定语从句的定
4、语定语.Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirlsmotherisateacher.作定语作定语“whosen.”引导定语从句时，可换成引导定语从句时，可换成“then.ofwhom/which”或或“ofwhom/whichthen.”。Helivesinabighousewhosewindowfacesthesea.Helivesinabighousefacesthesea.Helivesinabighousefacesthesea.thewindowofwhichofwhichthewindowthat可以作定语
5、从句的可以作定语从句的主语和宾语主语和宾语.TheteacherthatteachesusEnglishisMissChai.Thethiefthatthepolicemancaughtisatenyearoldboy.当先行词是时间时当先行词是时间时,用用when引导引导.Illneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.当先行词是原因时当先行词是原因时,用用why引导引导.Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.当先行词是地点时，用当先行词是地点时，用where引导引导Thisisthecitywher
6、eIlived10yearsago二。关系副词引导的定语从句二。关系副词引导的定语从句各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语。指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：例如：2.Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：例如：Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate？3.whose指人，在定语从句中作定语。指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：例如：Ioncelivedinthehousewho
7、sewindowfacessouth.Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.4.which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：例如：Thisisthebook(which)theteachergaveyouyesterday.难点链接难点链接各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法5.that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。宾语。例如：例如：Ivereadthenewspaperthat(which)carriestheimportantnews.Whoi
8、sthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?6.when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：例如：HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.7.where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：例如：Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.8.why指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：例如：No
9、bodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.难点链接难点链接Match the two sentences1.Im reading a book.The book is about Bill Gates._2.He is a teacher.The teacher teaches us Chinese._ 3.I dont like the man.He is smoking._4.Where is the picture?You bought it last week._ Im reading a book that/which is about
10、Bill Gates.He is a teacher who/that teaches us Chinese.I dont like the man who is smoking.Where is the picture that you bought last week?三。三。“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导引导的定语从句的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由宾语时，从句常常由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引出。引出。Theschoolheoncestudiedinisveryfamous.(which/that)Theschoolheonces
11、tudiedisveryfamous.Theschoolheoncestudiedinisveryfamous.inwhichwhichThisistheboyIplayedtenniswithyesterday.ThisistheboyIplayedtennisyesterday.(whom/who/that)withwhom四。四。“代词或者数词代词或者数词+介词介词+关系关系代词代词”引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。代词代词有有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等等。数词有。数词有one等。等。Heloveshisparen
12、tsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.Wehavetwospareroomsupstairs,neitherofwhichhasbeenmuchusedinthepasttwoyears.我们楼上有两间空房，过去两年内都没怎我们楼上有两间空房，过去两年内都没怎么用。么用。Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.Uptonow,hehaswrittentenst
13、ories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.Idontknowthereasonhelooksunhappytoday.五。五。关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用经常可以用“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。引导的定语从句来表示。Idontknowthereasonhelooksunhappytoday.whyforwhich关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词介词+which结结构：构：when=on(in,at,，by，during)+which;where=in(at,on，from)+whi
14、ch;why=forwhich.如：如：IwasinBeijingonthedayhearrived.Theofficeheworksisonthethirdfloor.Thisisthechiefreasonwedidit.when(=onwhich)where(=inwhich)why(=forwhich)注意：注意：fromwhere为为“介词关系副介词关系副词词”结构，它也可以引导定语从句。结构，它也可以引导定语从句。Tomhidhimselfbehindthedoor，_ hecouldhearthestepsofhismotherclearly.fromwhere巩固练习：巩固练习
15、：1.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom2.TheEnglishplay_mystudentsactedattheNewYearspartywasagreatsuccess.AforwhichBatwhichCinwhichDonwhich3.Therearealtogetherelevenbooksontheshelf,_fivearemine.Aonwhich BinwhichCofwhichDfromwhich4
16、.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhichA AD DC CC C六。六。以以theway为先行词的定为先行词的定语从句通常由语从句通常由inwhich或或that引引导，而且通常可以省略。导，而且通常可以省略。Thewayheansweredthequestionswassurprising.(that/inwhich)七。注意七。注意thesameas/suchas的使用问题的使用问题 当先行
17、词被 thesame 所修饰时，关系词既可以用 as，也可以用that。在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用 as，表示同一事物多用 that。如：This is thesameinstrument thatIusedyesterday.这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。This is thesameinstrument asIusedyesterday.这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。在抽象概念抽象概念上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用：I have thesameopinion as/thatyouhave.当先行词前有当先行词前有such,so
18、,as时，关系词应当用时，关系词应当用as。如：如：Awisemanseldomtalksaboutsuchthingsashedoesntunderstand.HespokeinsucheasyEnglishaseverybodycouldunderstand.Atthistimeoftheday,allbuseshavetocarryasmanypassengersastheycan.Itissoeasyabookaseveryschoolboycanread.Letsdiscusssuchthingsaswecantalkoffreely.另需注意：另需注意：Thisbookiswrit
19、teninsucheasyEnglishasbeginnerscanunderstand.（定（定语从句）语从句）ThisbookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishthatbeginnerscanunderstandit.（结果状语从句）（结果状语从句）Heissuchacleverboy_cansolveallthequestions.Thisissuchaninterestingbook_interestsallstudents.Thisissodifficultaquestion_noonecanworkout.Heissopopularaperson_wealllik
20、etotalkwith.Iboughtthesamecar_heisdriving.asasasasas八八.非限定性定语从句与限定性定语从句的区别非限定性定语从句与限定性定语从句的区别 1.1.限定性定语从句限定性定语从句 1)1)对对先先行行词词起起限限制制、确确定定作作用用。与与先先行行词词有有不不可可分分割割的的联联系系。没没有有定定语语从从句句，先先行行词词的的意意义义就就不不明确，不完整。明确，不完整。2)2)关关系系代代词词及及关关系系副副词词 which which who who(whom)(whom)whose that when where why aswhose tha
21、t when where why as 3)3)先行词和定语从句之间没有逗号先行词和定语从句之间没有逗号 4)4)关系代词作宾语时可以省略关系代词作宾语时可以省略 2.2.非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句 1)1)只只对对先先行行词词作作补补充充说说明明，与与先先行行词词只只有有松松散散的的联联系系。没没有有定定语语从从句句，主主句句和和先先行行词词的意义仍然清楚。的意义仍然清楚。2)2)关关 系系 代代 词词 及及 关关 系系 副副 词词 which which who who(whom)whose when where as(whom)whose when where as 3)3)通常有
22、逗号通常有逗号 4)4)关系代词作宾语时不能省略关系代词作宾语时不能省略 eg.eg.We dont like the room,which is cold.We dont like the room,which is cold.我们不喜欢那个房间，它很冷。我们不喜欢那个房间，它很冷。This is a pretty flower,whose name This is a pretty flower,whose name I dont know.I dont know.这是一种很美的花，我不知道它叫什么这是一种很美的花，我不知道它叫什么名字。名字。1.I have a sister who w
23、orks in a hospital.我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。2.I have a sister,who works in a hospital.我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。3.All the magazines here which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。4.All the magazines here,which have beautiful pictures in them,were written by him.所有的杂志都是他写的，里面都有漂亮的图画。有时同一个限制性
24、从句变为非限制性从句会有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思改变全句的意思（不只一位姐姐）（只有一位姐姐）（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）（杂志只有一种）Fillintheblankswithproperrelativewords.1.The famous basketball star,_is anAmerican,cametoChinayesterday.2.Inthosedays,sheusedtogotoMrblack,with_shehadawonderfultime.3.Iboughtacaryesterday,_costmealot.4.Xian,_Ivisitedl
25、astyear,isaniceoldcity.5.He will come to see me next July,_ hewontbesobusy.6.The school,_I once studied,was builtthirtyyearsago.7.John said hed been working in theofficeforanhour,_wastrue.whowhomwhichwhichwhenwherewhich九。关系代词九。关系代词as和和which引导引导的定语从句的定语从句as和和which引导非限制性定语从引导非限制性定语从句时，句时，其用法有相同之处，也其用法
26、有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是有不同之处。具体情况是1.as和和which都可以在定语从句都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。个句子。Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.Heishonest,as/whichwecansee.2.as引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。甚至还可以分割主句。which引引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，主句之后。另外，as常常有常常有“正如、正像正如、正像”的含义。的
27、含义。Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Heisfromthesouth,aswecanknowfromhisaccent.John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.ZhangHuahasbeentoParismorethantentimes,whichIdontbelieve.注意：注意：当主句和从句之间存当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用关系词往往只用which。如：。如：Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherv
28、eryangry.Thesetablesaremadeofmetal,whichmadethemveryheavy.十十.定语从句与同位语从句的区别定语从句与同位语从句的区别同位语从句是位于名词同位语从句是位于名词answer，belief，doubt，decision，explanation，fact，hope，idea，information，news，order，problem，promise，truth等后的句子，并对这些等后的句子，并对这些名词进行补充说明或解释；从句一般是一个完整的句子，名词进行补充说明或解释；从句一般是一个完整的句子，引导词引导词that只起引导作用，不作句子成分
29、，且只起引导作用，不作句子成分，且that不可省不可省略；同位语从句不可用略；同位语从句不可用which引导。而定语从句通常是一引导。而定语从句通常是一个不完整的句子，缺少主语或宾语等。个不完整的句子，缺少主语或宾语等。Thefactthatshehasntknowntheresultoftheexaminationisclear.Thefact(that/which)shetoldmeyesterdayisveryimportant.十一十一.非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别 There are two buildings,stands nearly a hund
30、red feet high.（04湖北）Athe larger Bthe larger of them Cthe larger one that Dthe larger of which 要区别是并列句还是非限制性定语从句，关键是看两个句子之间是否有连词，若有表示并列关系的连词或分号破折号，那就是并列句；如果两句之间没有这些连接符号，那就是非限制性定语从句，此时就需考虑使用适当的关系代词或关系副词了。D D巩固练习：巩固练习：1.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%aresoldabroad.AofwhichBwhich
31、ofCofthemDofthat2.Ihavemanyfriends,somearebusinessmen.AofthemBfromwhichCwhoofDofwhomA AD D题题2也可以改为：也可以改为：someofwhomarebusinessmen.如果在如果在之前加上连词之前加上连词and，就只能用，就只能用someofthem，而且不能，而且不能倒装。倒装。1.Ihaveafriend_likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3.Theman_legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballpl
32、ayer.2.YesterdayAlicewaswearingthenewdress_Igaveher.用关系代词填空用关系代词填空4.Myparentsliveinahouse_ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_Johnspokeismybrother.which/thatwhom6.Kevinisreadingabook_istoodifficultforhim.which/that7.Isthereanything_youwanttobuyinthetown.8.All_wecandoistostudyhard.9.Thefirstone_stands
33、upisalittleboy.thatthatthat10.The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.11.The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.12.I hate people _ talk much but do little.13.The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/that14.Theman_hairiswhiteishisgra
34、ndfather.15.Isthereastudent_fatherisabusinessman?16.Thisisthehousein_wehavelivedfor10years.17.Iveneverheardofthepeopleandthings_youtalkedaboutjustnow.whosewhosewhichthat注意：1.关系代词做动词的宾语时可以省略关系代词做动词的宾语时可以省略Thewoman(who/whom/that)theywanttovisitisateacher.Thebook(that/which)Iboughtyesterdayiseveryinter
35、esting.2.That不能直接用在介词后面不能直接用在介词后面Thehouseinwhichwelivewassold.3.从句中谓语动词的数由先行词决定。从句中谓语动词的数由先行词决定。ThesingerwhofromChinaisverygreat.(come)Thelittletreeswhicharoundourschoolwereplantedlastyear.(be)下列情况只能用下列情况只能用that1.1.序数词或最高级序数词或最高级adjadj修饰先行修饰先行词时词时TomisthecleverestboythatIhaveeverknown.Itisthefirstth
36、ingthatwemustdo.下列情况只能用下列情况只能用that2.all,everything,nobody,few,little,much，anything，nothing,none,theone等不定代词作先行词时等不定代词作先行词时Everythingthatwesawinthisfilmwastrue.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.3.先行词（指物的）前面有先行词（指物的）前面有all,few,one of,little,no,all,every,等词修饰时等词修饰时Theres no difficulty that we cant overcome.I
37、ve read all the books that can be borrowed here.4.当先行词被当先行词被the only,the very,the last,the next修饰时。修饰时。This is the only thing that Father bought for me.5.当先行词即指人又指物时。当先行词即指人又指物时。They talked about the person and the book that interested them.6当主句是以当主句是以who,which或或what开头的特殊疑问句时开头的特殊疑问句时Who is the man
38、that is waiting at the bus stop?Which is the car that we took yesterday?What did you hear that made you so angry?7.当主句以当主句以There be结构开结构开头时，或关系代词在头时，或关系代词在there be结构中作实义主语，先行项为物结构中作实义主语，先行项为物There is a seat in the corner that is still free.There are two tickets of the film that are for you.8.当先行词是系动
39、词当先行词是系动词be后面的后面的表语或关系词本身是从句的表语表语或关系词本身是从句的表语时时China isnt the country that she used to be 50 years ago.He is no longer the man that he used to be.9.当先行词是基数词时当先行词是基数词时Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water.Now you can see the two that are still alive.只能用只能用which，不用，不用that 的情况：的情
40、况：1.在非限制性定语从中。在非限制性定语从中。例如：例如：The meeting was put off,which was exactly what we wanted.2.定语从句由介词定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先关系代词引导，先行词是物时。行词是物时。例如：例如：The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.只能用只能用whom，不用，不用that 的情况：的情况：1.在非限制性定语从中。在非限制性定语从中。例如：例如：Mr.Brown is my English teacher,whom I saw yest
41、erday.2.定语从句由介词定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先关系代词引导，先行词是人时。行词是人时。例如：例如：There are 54 students in my class,three of _come from US.。whom只用只用who不用不用that的情况的情况a.先行词是先行词是one,ones或或anyone时时Onewhodoesnotworkhardwillneversucceed.Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.只用只用who不用不用that的情况的情况b.先行词为先行词为those或被或被those修饰，指人修饰，指人时
42、时Thosewholearnnotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.c.当定语从句中又有定语从句，且当定语从句中又有定语从句，且先行项都为人时先行项都为人时Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshard.d.在非限制性定语从句中指人在非限制性定语从句中指人Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromAmerica.单项填空单项填空1.-Doyouknowtheman_istalkingwithyourfather？-Yes，
43、hesourheadmaster.A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom2.Isthistheriver_Icanswim？A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.theone3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_Iknow.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.itBBC4.Canyoulendmethedictionary_theotherday？A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtitC.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit5.Anyone_withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.
44、A.whichagreesB.whoagreeC.whoagreesD.whichagree6.Mywatchisnottheonlything_ismissing.A.thatB.itC.whichD.whoACA7.Theman_coatisblackiswaitingatthegateA.whosB.whoseC.thatD.ofwhich.8.Thegirl_isreadingunderthetree_mysister.A.which；isB.whom；wasC.who；isD.who；was9.Iloveplaces_thepeoplearereallyfriendly.A.that
45、B.whichC.whereD.whoBCC 10.The story he told was very interesting.A what B which C who D whom11.I will never forget the days we spent together.A.those B.when C.that D.who12.I like the places its not cold in winter.A.which B.those C.where D.thisBBC 13.The book he lent to me is very useful.A.it B.which
46、 C.what D.whose14.This is the factory we visited yesterday.A.it B.where C.that D.one15.This is the only thing he gave me.A.which B.what C.that D.it BCC16.Do you know the musician hair is very long.17.I dont know the girl is standing under the tree.18.The old man I talked to just now is a scientist.A
47、 who B whose C whom D thatBA,C.DA,D1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.Thisisthedoctorwhosavedtheboyslife.2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.Themanwhoisrunningismyuncle.3.她是我在这个城市所认识的唯一的她是我在这个城市所认识的唯一的一个女人一个女人.SheistheonlywomanthatIknowinthecity.4.住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.5
48、.哪一本是你想看的书哪一本是你想看的书.Whichisthebook(that)youwanttoread?6。我的英语老师布朗先生去年来中国的。我的英语老师布朗先生去年来中国的MrBrownismyEnglishteacher,whocamechinalastyear.7.他说从未见过她有点不真实。他说从未见过她有点不真实。Hesaidthathehadneverseenherbefore,whichwasnottrue.1.Thehousethattheybuiltitin1987stayedupintheearthquake.2.Iwillneverforgetthepoorboywho
49、havenoarms.3.Wehavedoneeverythingwhichcanbedone.4.HeistheonlymanwhoIknowinthecity.5.Ihavebeentotheparkwhichtherearealotofflowers.6.TheparkwheretheoldpeopleusuallygotoiscalledZhongshanpark.7.Jimaskedthatwhowonthematch.8.Look!ThetreewhereJackisclimbingisquitetall.改错改错（在学习定语从句时常会出现以下的错句）（在学习定语从句时常会出现以下
50、的错句）hasthatthatwherewhichwhich过关落实过关落实1.Somepreschoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter，_theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.A.thenB.thereC.whileD.where解析：解析：wherewhere引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。答案：答案：D2.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool，_hewentontoBeijingUniversity.A.afterwhichB.afterthatC.inwhichD