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1、英语语法 关系代词引导的定语从句定语从句修饰名词或者代词的句子叫定语从句This is the boy who often helps me.The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?The room in which there is a machine is a work shop.The river which is in front of my house is very clean.The book that I bought yesterday w
2、as written by Lu Xun.这些句子中都是由两个句子构成。每个句子都有自己的主语和谓语。定语从句先行词先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或者代词 Thisistheboywhooftenhelpsme.Themanwhomyouarewaitingforhasgonehome.ThebookthatIboughtyesterdaywaswrittenbyLuXun.定语从句紧跟先行词 定语从句是后置定语，翻译的时候要放到先行词前面翻译 这就是那个经常帮助我的男孩。你等的那个人已经回家了。我昨天买的那本书是鲁迅写的。定语从句引导词关系代词who:代人，在从句中作主语 whom：代人，在从
3、句中作宾语Thisistheboywhooftenhelpsme.TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.Themanwhomyouarewaitingforhasgonehome.Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.whose:代所有格，可指人也可指物Doyouknowthegirlwhoseskirtiswhite?Hehasafriendwho
4、sefatherisadoctor.Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.定语从句引导词关系代词which:代物，在从句中作主语或者宾语 that：代物，在从句中作主语或者宾语Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.Theriverwhichisinfrontofmyhouseisveryclean.Thisisthepenwhichyouwant.Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.Thebookt
5、hatIboughtyesterdaywaswrittenbyLuXun.在指物的时候，一般情况下that和which可以互换定语从句引导词which和that区别只能用that不能用which的几种情况 先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,everything,nothing,anything等等AllthatwehavetodoistopractiseEnglish.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，如ThefirstletterthatIgotfromhimwillbekept.先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,
6、no,some等修饰Iveeatenupallthefoodthatyougaveme.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkwith.先行词是两个或者多个人和物时Theytalkedaboutpersonsandthingsthattheymet.当句中已有who时，为避免重复Whoisthemanthatisgivingustheclass?定语从句引导词which和that区别只能用which不能用that的几种情况 作介词的宾语TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanada
7、isverycomfortable.引导非限制性定语从句Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.Ihavelostmybag,whichIlikeverymuch.如何写一个定语从句定语从句是由两个简单句合成的 Thatistheday.Illneverforgettheday.Step1:找先行词：两句中相同的名词 Thatistheday.Illneverforgettheday.Step2:确定主句Thatistheday.Step3:把从句中的名词换成关系代词，并放到句首whichIllneverforget.
8、Step4:把修改后的从句放到主句先行词的后面ThatisthedaywhichIllneverforget练一练Thefactoryisnotfarfromhere.Wellvisitthefactorynextweek.Thisisoneofthebestfilms.Thefilmshavebeenshownthisyear.Canyoulendmethebook?Youtalkedaboutthebooktheotherday.Thepenismine.Heiswritingwiththepen.Theengineerisabout50yearsold.Myfatherworkswith
9、theengineer.Doyouknowtheman?Ispoketotheman.Thefactorywhich/thatwellvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.Thisisoneofthebestfilmsthathavebeenshownthisyear.Canyoulendmethebookwhich/thatyoutalkedabouttheotherday?Thepenwhich/thatheiswritingwithismine.Theengineerwhommyfatherworkswithisabout50yearsold.Doyouknowth
10、emanwhomIspoketo?定语从句的简化简化为形容词或短语Mygrandfatherlivesinavillagethatisfarawayfromhere.Mygrandfatherlivesinavillagefarawayfromhere.Thisisabookthatisworthreading.Thisisabookworthreading.简化为现在分词/过去分词或者现在分词/过去分词短语ThemanwhoisstandingunderthetreeisourEnglishteacher.ThemanstandingunderthetreeisourEnglishteacher.Isawthehousethatwasburningatthattime.Isawtheburninghouseatthattime.IliketoseethefilmswhicharedirectedbyZhangYimou.IliketoseethefilmsdirectedbyZhangYimou.简化为不定式作后置定语Heisalwaysthefirstpersonthatcomestoschool.Heisalwaysthefirstpersontocometoschool.PPT模板下载：