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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件The global challenge that I want to talk to you about todayrarely makes the front pages.我今天要跟大家谈的全球性挑战 很少出现在头版头条00:13It,however,is enormous in both scale and importance.但是，它影响之广，之深，都不可小视。00:18Look,you all are very well traveled;this is TEDGlobal after all.这里是TED全球论坛；相信在座各位一定去过很多地方。00:24
2、But I do hope to take you to some places youve never beento before.但我仍希望带你们去一些地方，那是你们一定从没有去过的00:29So,lets start off in China.我们从中国出发00:33This photo was taken two weeks ago.这张照片摄于两周前。00:35Actually,one indication is that little boy on my husbandsshoulders is just graduated from high school.这个骑在我丈夫肩膀上的
3、小男孩 其实刚高中毕业。00:38(Laughter)But this in Tiananmen Square.（笑声）这是在天安门广场。00:43Many of you have been there.Its not the real China.你们中很多人应该都去过那儿。但那并非真正的中国。00:47Let me take you to the real China.我要带你们去看看真正的中国。00:50This is in the Dabian Mountains in the remote part of Hubeiprovince in central China.这是在大别山，中
4、国中部湖北省的偏远山区。00:52Dai Manju is 13 years-old at the time the story starts.故事开始的时候，戴曼君（音译）才13岁。00:58She lives with her parents,her two brothers and her great-aunt.她和父母一起生活，还有她的两个弟弟，和她的大姨。01:01start off:出发,开始 Dai:abbr.直接存取情报(DirectAccessInformation)great-aunt:n.姑姥姥;伯祖母They have a hut that has no electri
5、city,no running water,nowristwatch,no bicycle.他们所住的茅屋没有电，也没有自来水，没有手表，没有自行车。01:06And they share this great splendor with a very large pig.他们和一头很壮实的猪，一起住在这栋豪宅里。01:12Dai Manju was in sixth grade when her parents said,Weregoing to pull you out of school because the 13-dollar schoolfees are too much for
6、us.戴曼君读六年级时，她父母说：“我们想让你退学，学费要13块美金，对我们来说太贵了。01:17Youre going to be spending the rest of your life in the ricepaddies.你反正要在稻田度过一生，01:25Why would we waste this money on you?我们又何必在你身上浪费钱？”01:27This is what happens to girls in remote areas.偏远山区的女孩子们处境都类似。01:29Turns out that Dai Manju was the best pupil
7、in her grade.事实是，戴曼君是全年级最棒的学生。01:32She still made the two-hour trek to the schoolhouse andtried to catch every little bit of information that seeped outof the doors.每一天，她跋涉两个小时去学校，恨不得抓住每一点每一滴 从门缝里渗出的知识。01:36We wrote about her in the New York Times.我写了篇关于她的文章，刊登在纽约时报上。01:44We got a flood of donations
8、-mostly 13-dollar checks,because New York Times readers are very generous in tinyamounts.捐款像洪水一般涌来-大部分是13美金的支票，因为纽约时报的读者们 在小钱上特别慷慨。01:46wristwatch:n.手表 splendor:n.光彩;壮丽;显赫 fees:n.会计费用(fee的复数);规费 paddies:n.稻田(复数paddies);爱尔兰人;Patrick(男子名)和Patricia(女子名)的昵称 trek:n.艰苦跋涉/vt.(牛)拉(货车);搬运/vi.艰苦跋涉 schoolhouse
9、:n.校舍seeped:vi.漏;渗出/n.小泉;水陆两用的吉普车 donations:n.经捐赠(donation的复数);捐款(Laughter)But then,we got a money transfer for$10,000-really nice guy.（笑声）但是有一天，我们收到了一笔 一万美金的转账-真是个善良的读者。01:56We turned the money over to that man there,the principal ofthe school.我们后来把钱给了那所学校的校长。02:05He was delighted.他很高兴。02:08He thou
10、ght,Oh,I can renovate the school.他想，“我可以翻修学校了。02:10I can give scholarships to all the girls.我还可以给那些女孩子发奖学金。”02:12You know,if they work hard and stay in school.只要她们愿意继续努力读书。02:14TED演讲者：Sheryl WuDunn|伍洁芳演讲标题：Sheryl WuDunn:Our century.s greatest injustice|本世纪最大的不公内容概要：As a journalist reporting on China
11、,Sheryl WuDunn saw the everyday oppression ofwomen around the world.She and Nick Kristof wrote Half the Sky,chronicling women.sstories of horror and,especially,hope.伍洁芳的作品半边天深度探索了全球女性的压抑。她的故事震撼人心。她认为要想让人类资源各尽其用，必须让发展中国家的女性在教育和经济上享有平等的权利。So Dai Manju basically finished out middle school.因此戴曼君 完成了初中学业
12、。02:16She went to high school.她接着读了高中。02:20She went to vocational school for accounting.她利用假期学了会计。02:22She scouted for jobs down in Guangdong province in thesouth.她在中国南部的广州省求职。02:24She found a job,she scouted for jobs for her classmates andher friends.她找到了工作，也为她的同学和朋友找到了工作。02:27She sent money back t
13、o her family.她寄钱回家。02:31They built a new house,this time with running water,electricity,a bicycle,no pig.他们盖了新房子，用上了自来水，通了电，买了自行车，不过没有猪了。02:34renovate:vt.更新;修复;革新;刷新 scholarships:n.奖学金/学问成就 vocational:adj.职业的，行业的 accounting:n.会计,会计学;账单/v.解释(account的ing形式);叙述 scouted:n.搜索,侦察;侦察员;侦察机/vt.侦察;跟踪,监视;发现/vi
14、.侦察;巡视;嘲笑What we saw was a natural experiment.这一切都是真实而自然地发生的。02:42It is rare to get an exogenous investment in girls education.很少女孩子 能得到一笔额外的教育投资。02:45And over the years,as we followed Dai Manju,we were ableto see that she was able to move out of a vicious cycle andinto a virtuous cycle.这些年我们一直关注着戴曼
15、君，我们欣慰地看到她走出世代的恶循环 开创了自己的新生活。02:49She not only changed her own dynamic,she changed herhousehold,she changed her family,her village.这远非是她一个人的改变，整个家族，整个村庄都因她而改变了。02:57The village became a real stand-out.这个村子后来成为了远近闻名的模范村。03:02Of course,most of China was flourishing at the time,butthey were able to get
16、 a road built to link them up to the restof China.当然了，那段时间整个中国都是一派繁荣景象。这个村子建了一条公路，从此与外界相通。03:05And that brings me to my first major of two tenets of Halfthe Sky.我写半边天的两个信条之一 是从这里得到启发的。03:13And that is that the central moral challenge of this century isgender inequity.这一个信条就是 本世纪 最大的伦理道德挑战 是性别不公。03:1
17、8In the 19th century it was slavery.在19世纪是奴隶制。03:26exogenous:adj.外生的;外因的;外成的 vicious:adj.恶毒的；恶意的；堕落的；有错误的；品性不端的；剧烈的/virtuous:adj.善良的;有道德的;贞洁的;正直的;有效力的 stand-out:突出;站出来;坚持到底;坚决反对 flourishing:adj.繁荣的;繁茂的;盛行的/v.茂盛(flourish的ing形式)tenets:n.原理,原则(tenet的复数);信条 gender:n.性;性别;性交/vt.生(过去式gendered,过去分词gendered
18、,现在分词gendering,第三人称单数genders,形容词genderless)inequity:n.不公平,不公正In the 20th century it was totalitarianism.在20世纪是极权主义。03:28The cause of our time is the brutality that so many peopleface around the world because of their gender.这两点直接导致 全世界这么多人因为性别 而受到不公正待遇的残酷现实。03:31So some of you may be thinking,Gosh,t
19、hats hyperbole.你们中有些人可能在想，“天哪，这有点太夸张了。03:38Shes exaggerating.她是在夸大事实。”03:42Well,let me ask you this question.那么请让我提出这个问题。03:44How many of you think there are more males or morefemales in the world?你们中多少人认为世界上的男性比较多，或者女性比较多？03:46www.XiYuS锡育软件Let me take a poll.How many of you think there are moremale
20、s in the world?我们来问卷调查吧。多少人认为世界上男性比较多？03:49Hands up,please.请举手。03:52How many of you think-a few-how many of you there aremore females in the world?多少人认为世界上女性比较多？03:54Okay,most of you.好了，绝大多数。03:57Well,you know this latter group,youre wrong.之后举手的，你们都错了。03:59There are,true enough,in Europe and the Wes
21、t,when womenand men have equal access to food and health care,there aremore women,we live longer.百分之一百的事实是，在欧洲和西方国家，女人和男人 在饮食和医疗享有同等待遇，女性比男性多，因为女性寿命较长。04:01totalitarianism:n.极权主义 brutality:n.无情;残忍;暴行(需用复数形式)hyperbole:n.夸张的语句;夸张法 exaggerating:adj.夸大的;夸张的/v.夸大,夸张;夸大其词(exaggerate的现在分词);使增大,使扩大But in mo
22、st of the rest of the world,thats not the case.然而在其他地方，事实正相反。04:11In fact,demographers have shown that there are anywherebetween 60 million and 100 million missing females in thecurrent population.人口统计显示，目前人口中，存在着 约6000万到1亿的女性人口缺口。04:14And,you know,it happens for several reasons.原因有几个。04:23For insta
23、nce,in the last half-century,more girls werediscriminated to death than all the people killed on all thebattlefields in the 20th century.比如，20世纪后50年内 死于歧视的女孩 比整个20世纪内死于战场的人 还要多。04:26Sometimes its also because of the sonogram.还有一个原因是超声波的使用。04:36Girls get aborted before theyre even born when there are
24、scarce resources.资源的稀缺 导致女孩甚至在出世前就被抛弃。04:38This girl here,for instance,is in a feeding center in Ethiopia.比如，这个女孩，当时在埃塞俄比亚的一个补给中心。04:43The entire center was filled with girls like her.整个中心都是和她一样的女童。04:47Whats remarkable is that her brothers,in the same family,were totally fine.值得注意的是，她的亲生兄弟们，却全部安然无恙
25、。04:50In India,in the first year of life,from zero to one,boy and girlbabies basically survive at the same rate because theydepend upon the breast,and the breast shows no sonpreference.在印度，从零到一岁之间，男婴和女婴的存活率相同，因为都靠母乳喂养，母亲的乳房不会多爱儿子一点。04:55demographers:n.统计人口统计学家,人口学家 discriminated:辨别 battlefields:n.杀戮
26、战场(BBC的纪录片)sonogram:n.声波图;声谱记录;语图 aborted:adj.流产的;夭折的/v.(使)流产;(使)夭折(abort的过去式及过去分词形式)From one to five,girls die at a 50 percent higher mortalityrate than boys,in all of India.从一岁到五岁，整个印度，女孩的死亡率比男孩高50%。05:06The second tenet of Half the Sky半边天的第二个信条，05:15is that,lets put aside the morality of all the
27、right and wrongof it all.让我们暂且不去争论道德理论和对错，05:18And just on a purely practical level,we think that one of thebest ways to fight poverty and to fight terrorism is toeducate girls and to bring women into the formal labor force.在最现实的层面，我们认为，战胜贫困和恐怖主义的最佳途径 就是让女孩接受教育，让女人成为正式劳动力。05:21Poverty,for instance.拿
28、贫困来说。05:34There are three reasons why this is the case.我有三个原因。05:36For one,overpopulaton is one of the persistent causes ofpoverty.第一，人口过剩 持续地导致了贫困的发生。05:38And you know,when you educate a boy,his family tends tohave fewer kids,but only slightly.一个接受了教育的男孩，倾向于生更少的孩子，不过这种倾向很弱。05:43When you educate a g
29、irl,she tends to have significantlyfewer kids.而一个接受了教育的女孩，会强烈地倾向于少要孩子。05:49The second reason is it has to do with spending.第二个原因 与消费有关。05:54mortality:n.死亡数,死亡率;必死性,必死的命运 tenet:n.原则;信条;教义 put aside:v.撇开;把.放在一边,暂不考虑;储存备用 persistent:adj.固执的，坚持的；持久稳固的 tends:vi.趋向,倾向;照料,照顾/vt.照料,照管 significantly:adv.意味深长
30、地;值得注目地Its kind of like the dirty,little secret of poverty,which is that,not only do poor people take in very little income,but also,the income that they take in,they dont spend it very wisely.某种意义上，可以说是贫困的 肮脏的小秘密，穷人不仅仅 收入少得可怜，而且，他们也不懂 如何理智地花钱。05:59And unfortunately,most of that spending is done by
31、men.很不幸，大部分消费都是由男人决定的。06:12So research has shown,if you look at people who live undertwo dollars a day-one metric of poverty-two percent ofthat take-home pay goes to this basket here,in education.有研究显示，那些每天消费两美金以下的人-这绝对是标准的贫困人群-他们百分之二的收入 用于这个篮子，教育。06:1520 percent goes to a basket that is is a combin
32、ation ofalcohol,tobacco,sugary drinks and prostitution andfestivals.百分之二十进了这个篮子，酒精，烟草，含糖饮料 嫖妓，和节庆。06:27If you just take four percentage points and put it into thisbasket,you would have a transformative effect.如果仅把百分之四 放在这个篮子里，相信会是一次质变。06:35The last reason has to do with women being part of thesoluti
33、on,not the problem.最后一个原因，女性绝非社会问题，反而是解决方案的一部分。06:43You need to use scarce resources.你必须使用稀缺资源。06:48Its a waste of resources if you dont use someone like DaiManju.不给戴曼君这样的孩子机会，绝对是资源浪费。06:50take-home:=take-homepay tobacco:n.烟草,烟叶;烟草制品;抽烟 sugary:adj.含糖的;甜的;糖状的;甜言蜜语的prostitution:n.卖淫;滥用;出卖灵魂 festivals:
34、n.节日(festival的复数形式);节庆 transformative:adj.变化的,变形的;有改革能力的Bill Gates put it very well when he was traveling throughSaudi Arabia.比尔盖茨有段话说的很好，是关于他在沙地阿拉伯的穿越旅行。06:53He was speaking to an audience much like yourselves.他当时面对着和你们一样的观众。06:57However,two-thirds of the way there was a barrier.不过，大概三分之二远处，有一排围栏。0
35、7:00On this side was men,and then the barrier,and this side waswomen.围栏这一边是男人，围栏另一边是女人。07:03And someone from this side of the room got up and said,Mr.Gates,we have here as our goal in Saudi Arabia to beone of the top 10 countries when it comes to technology.然后这一边有人站起来说，“盖茨先生，我们沙地阿拉伯有个目标，就是在科技领域，成为世界
36、上最棒的10个国家之一。07:07Do you think well make it?你认为我们能做到吗？”07:16So Bill gates,as he was staring out at the audience,he said,If youre not fully utilizing half the resources in your country,there is no way you will get anywhere near the top 10.比尔盖茨看着这位观众，说，“如果你们不充分利用这个国家的另一半资源，前十对你们来说永远遥不可及。”07:18So here i
37、s Bill of Arabia.这位就是阿拉伯比尔。07:27(Laughter)So what would some of the specific challengeslook like?（笑声）那么具体来说 又有哪些挑战？07:30I would say,on the top of the agenda is sex trafficking.我认为当前最首要的 是非法性交易。07:37And Ill just say two things about this.这一点我只说两件事。07:42two-thirds:n.三分之二/三分之二的/三分之二地 utilizing:v.利用(uti
38、lize的ing形式)The slavery at the peak of the slave trade in the 1780s:therewere about 80,000 slaves transported from Africa to theNew World.奴隶制的巅峰 是在18世纪80年代。大约有8万名奴隶，从非洲被运往新大陆。07:44Now,modern slavery:according to State Department roughstatistics,there are about 800,000-10 times the number-that are tra
39、fficked across international borders.今天，现代化奴隶制：美国国务院粗略统计，大约有80万人-当时数字的10倍-被非法贩卖，穿越国境。07:55And that does not even include those that are traffickedwithin country borders,which is a substantial portion.这甚至还不包括那些 在国境内非法穿越的 大量群体。08:07And if you look at another factor,another contrast,a slaveback then is
40、 worth about$40,000 in todays money.如果再看看 另一个要素，过去一个奴隶的标价 换算到今天 约为4万美金。08:14Today,you can buy a girl trafficked for few hundred dollars,which means shes actually more disposable.今天，你可以只花几百美金 买到一个女孩，这意味着她比奴隶更不值钱。08:25But you know,there is progress being made in places likeCambodia and Thailand.不过在柬埔寨
41、和泰国，情况已有改进。08:33We dont have to expect a world where girls are bought andsold or killed.这个世界，不该有女孩被买卖或杀害。08:38The second item on the agenda is maternal mortality.第二重要的事，是母亲的死亡率。08:43transported:v.植运输;搬运(transport的过去式)statistics:n.统计;统计学;统计统计资料 disposable:adj.可任意处理的;可自由使用的;用完即可丢弃的 maternal:adj.母亲的;母性
42、的;母系的;母体遗传的You know,child birth in this part of the world is a wonderfulevent.在美国，一个孩子的出世 是很美妙的事。08:48In Niger,one in seven women can expect to die duringchildbirth.而在尼日尔（非洲中西部国家），每7个妇女中 就有1个死于难产。08:53Around the world,one woman dies every minute and a halffrom childbirth.在全世界，每90秒就有一位准妈妈死于难产。08:59Yo
43、u know,its not as though we dont have the technologicalsolution,but these women have three strikes against them:they are poor,they are rural and they are female.这并不只是 技术问题，而是这些女性有三个致命弱点：贫困，闭塞，还有她们是女性。09:05You know,for every woman who does die,there are 20 whosurvive but end up with an injury.另外，每死去1
44、名产妇，有20位能幸运存活，但她们多有后遗症。09:18And the most devastating injury is obstetric fistula.最残忍的后遗症 是阴道瘘管。09:24Its a tearing during obstructed labor that leaves a womanincontinent.这是一种难产时发生的撕伤，会导致失禁。09:28Let me tell you about Mahabuba.我要告诉你们马哈布巴的故事。09:33She lives in Ethiopia.她住在埃塞俄比亚。09:35She was married again
45、st her will at age 13.她13岁时被迫结婚。09:37childbirth:n.分娩 devastating:adj.毁灭性的；全然的/v.摧毁(devastate的ing形式)；毁坏 obstetric:adj.产科的;生产的,分娩的 fistula:n.医瘘管;昆细管(尤指鳞翅目昆虫)tearing:adj.撕裂的;痛苦的;猛烈的/v.撕开;裂开(tear的ing形式)obstructed:adj.阻塞的;梗阻的,不通的/v.阻塞;妨碍;遮住(obstruct的过去分词形式)incontinent:adj.失禁的;不能自制的,无节制的;荒淫的/adv.立即,即刻She
46、got pregnant,ran to the bush to have the baby,but youknow,her body was very immature,and she ended uphaving obstructed labor.她怀孕了，试图在灌木丛中生下孩子，但她的身体还那么稚嫩，她不幸发生了难产。09:40The baby died,and she ended up with a fistula.孩子死了，她得了阴道瘘管。09:49So that meant she was incontinent;she couldnt control herwastes.这意味着她
47、会失禁。她无法控制大小便。09:52In a word,she stank.总之，她浑身发臭。09:57The villagers thought she was cursed;they didnt know whatto do with her.村民认为她被诅咒了；他们也不知道如何对待她。09:59So finally,they put her at the edge of the village in a hut.所以他们把她安置在村子边缘的小草屋内。10:02They ripped off the door so that the the hyenas would gether at n
48、ight.并且把门卸掉，好让土狼晚上进来吃她。10:05her at night.That night,there was a stick in the hut.那天晚上，草屋里只有一根棍子。10:10She fought off the hyenas with that stick.她奋力用棍子赶跑了土狼。10:13And the next morning,she new if she could get to a nearbyvillage where there was a foreign missionary,she would besaved.第二天早上，她决定去邻村找外国传教士，她
49、知道他们会救她。10:16Because she had some damage to her nerves,she crawled allthe way-30 miles-to that doorstep,half dead.因为神经受到创伤，她一路是爬过去的-30里路-她爬到的时候，已经奄奄一息。10:23immature:adj.不成熟的;未成熟的;粗糙的 wastes:n.废物,材废料 In a word:总之;简言之 stank:n.池塘;水沟;小水坝/v.发出恶臭(stink的过去式)hyenas:n.土狼(hyena的复数形式)missionary:adj.传教的；传教士的/n.
50、传教士 crawled:vi.爬行;匍匐行进/vt.爬行;缓慢地行进/n.爬行;养鱼池;匍匐而行 doorstep:n.门阶The foreign missionary opened the door,knew exactly whathad happened,took her to a nearby fistula hospital in AddisAbaba,and she was repaired with a 350-dollar operation.外国传教士打开门，了解了一切，带她去了亚的斯亚贝巴的一所瘘管医院，她得到了治疗，350美金的手术。10:31The doctors an