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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件Thank you.(Applause)10 years ago,on a Tuesday morning,Iconducted a parachute jump at Fort Bragg,North Carolina.谢谢。（掌声）十年前,周二的早上 我在北卡罗纳州的Fort Bragg讲述跳伞917500It was a routine training jump like many more Id done since Ibecame a paratrooper 27 years before.这是一次例行的跳伞练习 像我以往做过的很多的培训一样 自从我成为专
2、业的跳伞者后 27年之前00:18We went down to the airfield early because this is the Armyand you always go early.我们很早就来到飞机场 因为在军队 你需要很早出行00:25You do some routine refresher training,and then you go toput on your parachute and a buddy helps you.你做了一些例行的恢复训练 接着你背上你的跳伞包,一个伙伴会帮你00:30And you put on the T10 parachute.你
3、背上T10的跳伞包00:36And youre very careful how you put the straps,particularlythe leg straps because they go between your legs.你要很小心绑上安全皮带 尤其是腿的皮带 因为你需要绑在你两腿之间00:38And then you put on your reserve,and then you put on yourheavy rucksack.接着穿上你的后备装置,接着背上你很重的帆布包00:42conducted:v.管理(conduct的过去分词);引导;指挥 parachut
4、e:n.降落伞/vi.跳伞/空投 jump at:欣然接受;跃向;急切地接受paratrooper:n.伞兵 airfield:n.飞机场 refresher:n.可提神的人或物;补习课程;清凉饮料;增加报酬/adj.专业性复习进修的buddy:n.伙伴,好朋友;密友;小男孩/vi.做好朋友,交朋友 straps:n.机皮带(strap的复数);绳;打包带/v.用带捆扎;约束;鞭打(strap的三单形式)go between:调停;做中间人 reserve:n.储备,储存;自然保护区;预备队;缄默;金融储备金/vt.储备;保留;预约/vi.预订 rucksack:n.帆布背包And then
5、a jumpmaster comes,and hes an experienced NCOin parachute operations.接着跳伞专家也来了 他是在跳伞操作方面很有经验的NCO00:45He checks you out,he grabs your adjusting straps,and hetightens everything so that your chest is crushed,yourshoulders are crushed down,and,of course,hes tightenedso your voice goes up a couple octav
6、es as well.他来跟你做检查,他拿着你调整安全皮带 接着他绑紧所有东西 所以你的胸部有些挤压感 你肩膀也被压住 当然,因为他绑得很紧 所以你的声音会提高几个八度00:50Then you sit down,and you wait a little while,because this isthe Army.接着你坐下来,等一段时间 因为这是军队里01:04Then you load the aircraft,and then you stand up and youget on,and you kind of lumber to the aircraft like this-in a
7、line of people-and you sit down on canvas seats on eitherside of the aircraft.接着要把你装到飞机里,你站起来上飞机 你在飞机中好像木头一样,人们排成了一列 你坐在分列在飞机两旁的帆布座位上01:08And you wait a little bit longer,because this is the Air Forceteaching the Army how to wait.你要等候较长一段时间 因为空军会告诉军队如何去等待01:16Then you take off.接着你就起飞了01:23And its pa
8、inful enough now-and I think its designed thisway-its painful enough so you want to jump.这已经足够痛苦了 我想就是这样设计的 这非常痛苦 你很想跳下去01:25grabs:n.链钩(grab的复数)/v.抓取;捕获(grab的第三人称单数)tightens:vt.变紧;使变紧/vi.绷紧;变紧 tightened:adj.拉紧的,加固的/v.拉紧;固定;加严(tighten的过去式形式);使紧密 octaves:n.八度(octave的复数)aircraft:n.飞机,航空器 lumber:vi.伐木;喧
9、闹地向前走;笨重地行动,缓慢地移动/vt.砍伐木材;乱堆/n.木材;废物,无用的杂物;隆隆声You dont really want to jump,but you want out.你不是真的想跳下去 你只是想离开01:31So you get in the aircraft,youre flying along,and at 20minutes out,these jumpmasters start giving you commands.所以当你进入到飞机 你需要一直飞行 接着20分钟过后 这些跳伞专家就会给你命令01:33They give 20 minutes-thats a tim
10、e warning.他们给你20分钟这是时间的提醒01:38You sit there,okay.你做在那里,好的01:40Then they give you 10 minutes.接着他们给你10分钟的提醒01:42And of course,youre responding with all of these.当然,你要对这些做出回答01:44And thats to boost everybodys confidence,to show thatyoure not scared.这是为了建立每一个人的信心,告诉你不要害怕01:46Then they give you,get ready
11、.他们给你提示,“准备好了。”01:49Then they go,Outboard personnel,stand up.接着他们说,“外舱的人员,请站起来。”01:51If youre an outboard personnel,now you stand up.如果你是外舱的人员,你就要站起来。01:54If youre an inboard personnel,stand up.如果你是内舱的人员,站起来。01:57And then you hook up,and you hook up your static line.你要用钩挂住,你钩在固定的拉线上。01:59TED演讲者：Stan
12、ley McChrystal|Stanley McChrystal演讲标题：Stanley McChrystal:Listen,learn.then lead|聆听，学习.才能领导内容概要：General Stanley McChrystal is the former commander of U.S.and International forcesin Afghanistan.A four-star general,he is credited for creating a revolution in warfare that fusesintelligence and operation
13、s.五星级上将Stanley McChrystal 分享他在军队服务数十年后关于领导能力方面的经验。你如何在不同年龄以及不同技术背景的人中建立以分享为目的的意识?如何通过聆听和学习，来解决可能存在的失败。And at that point,you think,Hey,guess what?在那一刻,你想:“接下来会发生什么事情了？”02:02Im probably going to jump.我很可能准备跳下去。02:04Theres no way to get out of this at this point.但在这一刻你绝对不能这样就跳出去。“02:06commands:n.计命令,计指
14、令(command复数形式)Outboard:adj.外侧的;船外的/adv.在舷外,在外部 inboard:adj.内侧的;舷内的/adv.在船内;向内You go through some additional checks,and then they openthe door.你需要做额外的一些检查,接着他们打开舱门。02:08And this was that Tuesday morning in September,and it waspretty nice outside.这就是九月里那个周二的早上 外面都非常好02:11So nice air comes flowing in.新
15、鲜的空气吹进来02:16The jumpmasters start to check the door.跳伞专家开始检查舱门02:19And then when its time to go,a green light goes and thejumpmaster goes,Go.到了起跳的时候 会出现一道绿光 接着跳伞专家会喊,”开始。“02:21The first guy goes,and youre just in line,and you just kind oflumber to the door.第一个人跳下去了,你只需排着队。你就像木头一样靠在门边02:25Jump is a m
16、isnomer;you fall.跳是一个不恰当的名字,确实来说你是掉下去02:29You fall outside the door,youre caught in the slipstream.你从舱门掉下去 你被气流接住02:31The first thing you do is lock into a tight body position-head down in your chest,your arms extended,put over yourreserve parachute.你第一个件事是锁定一个固定的身体姿势 你的胸部朝下,你的手臂展开 放在你预先准备的伞包02:35Yo
17、u do that because,27 years before,an airborne sergeanthad taught me to do that.你做这样的事,是因为在27年前 一个空军警官让我这样做02:43I have no idea whether it makes any difference,but heseemed to make sense,and I wasnt going to test thehypothesis that hed be wrong.我并不知道这样是否会产生什么不同 但他却使得这个很有道理 我并不想做实验去证明他的假设是错的02:49flowin
18、g:adj.流动的;平滑的;上涨的/v.流动;起源;上涨(flow的ing形式)green light:绿灯;放行;准许 slipstream:n.气流;冲流put over:推迟;驶过;使被接受 airborne:adj.航空运的;空气传播的;风媒的 sergeant:n.军士;警察小队长;海军陆战队中士;高等律师 make sense:有意义;讲得通;言之有理 hypothesis:n.假设And then you wait for the opening shock for your parachuteto open.接着你等待着开伞那一刻 那强劲的冲击02:57If you dont
19、get an opening shock,you dont get a parachute-youve got a whole new problem set.如果你没有碰到这个冲击力,你可能没有带降落伞或者你遇上了一连串新的问题03:01But typically you do;typically it opens.但通常伞都会正常打开03:06And of course,if your leg straps arent set right,at that pointyou get another little thrill.当然,如果你的腿的皮带扣得不对 此时你又会又是一阵紧张03:09B
20、oom.很大一声03:14So then you look around,your under canopy and saying,This is good.接着你四处去看 你所属的长官会说:“这不错。”03:16Now you prepare for the inevitable.现在 你要为不可避免的事情做准备03:20You are going to hit the ground.你现在准备撞到地上03:22You cant delay that much.你不能耽误太多03:24And you really cant decide where you hit very much,bec
21、ause they pretend you can steer,but youre beingdelivered.实际上你不能决定哪里你撞得最厉害 因为他们假想你可以驾控 但事实上你是被送到地上的03:26So you look around,where youre going to land,you try tomake yourself ready.你四处去看,哪里是你着陆的地方 你希望你自己能做好准备03:33www.XiYuS锡育软件And then as you get close,you lower your rucksack belowyou on a lowering line
22、,so its not on you when you land,andyou prepare to do a parachute landing fall.但当你越接近的时候,在下降的过程中你把你的背包置于你之下 所以当你着陆时 它并不在身上 你需要准备打开降落伞然后降落03:37typically:adv.代表性地;作为特色地 canopy:n.天篷;华盖;遮篷;苍穹/vt.用天蓬遮盖;遮盖 lowering:adj.使低劣的;昏暗的;减少体力的Now the Army teaches you to do five points of performance-the toes of you
23、r feet,your calves,your thighs,yourbuttocks and your push-up muscles.接着部队会教你 五个部位的动作 你的脚趾头 你的小腿,你的大腿 你的屁股和你的支撑肌肉03:44Its this elegant little land,twist and roll.这是一个优雅轻微的着陆,连翻代转03:55And thats not going to hurt.者将不会造成伤害03:58In 30-some years of jumping,I never did one.但在30年的跳伞经历中,我并没有成功作过04:00(Laughte
24、r)I always landed like a watermelon out of a thirdfloor window.（笑声）我总是像在3楼扔下的西瓜一样降落04:03(Laughter)And as soon as I hit,the first thing I did is Id see if（笑声）只要我着地 第一件事我会做的是看看我是否打烂了我的必需品04:08(Laughter)And as soon as I hit,the first thing I did is Id see ifId broken anything that I needed.是否打烂了我的必需品04
25、:08Id shake my head,and Id ask myself the eternal question:Why didnt I go into banking?我会晃脑袋 问自己一个恒久的问题:“为什么我没有进入到银行业？”04:16(Laughter)And Id look around,and then Id see anotherparatrooper,a young guy or girl,and theyd have pulled outtheir M-4 carbine and theyd be picking up their equipment.（笑声）我爱四处去
26、看 我喜欢看其他跳伞人员 年轻男女 他们需要拿出他们M-4的卡宾枪 接着他们需要拿走他们的设备04:23Theyd be doing everything that we had taught them.他们需要做所有的事情 我们教授他们的04:35thighs:n.解剖大腿(thigh的复数形式)buttocks:n.臀部;纵剖线(buttock的复数)/v.用过背摔摔出对手(buttock的第三人称单数)push-up:n.俯卧撑;模面挤凹 watermelon:n.西瓜 eternal:adj.永恒的;不朽的 carbine:n.卡宾枪And I realized that,if the
27、y had to go into combat,they woulddo what we had taught them and they would follow leaders.我意识到 如果他们需要战斗 他们会作我们所有教他们的 他们会服从领导的安排04:39And I realized that,if they came out of combat,it would bebecause we led them well.我发现到,如果他们结束战争之后,会是怎样,因为我们领导得很好04:47And I was hooked again on the importance of what
28、I did.我再次被我做的事情的重要性迷住了04:52So now I do that Tuesday morning jump,but its not anyjump-that was September 11th 2001.所以在周二早上我跳的那一次 但这不是任何一次跳伞 是在2001年九月11日04:56And when we took off from the airfield,America was atpeace.当我们从机场起飞,美国当时还一片平静05:04When we landed on the drop-zone,everything had changed.当我在预定着陆
29、区域着陆,所有东西都改变了05:07And what we thought about the possibility of those youngsoldiers going into combat as being theoretical was nowvery,very real-and leadership seemed important.我们所想到的是 很多年轻士兵进入到战争的可能性 从理论上说 这是非常非常真实的 领导力显得很重要05:11But things had changed-I was a 46 year-old brigadiergeneral.但是很多东西改变了 我
30、是46岁准将05:21Id been successful,but things changed so much that I wasgoing to have to make some significant changes-and onthat morning,I didnt know it.我曾经取得成功 但很多事情已经改变 我需要做出一些显著的改变 在那一个早上,我并不知道05:25hooked:adj.钩状的;吸毒成瘾的;入迷的/v.用钩固定;捉住(hook的过去分词)at peace:处于和平状态 brigadier:n.准将;陆军准将I was raised with tradi
31、tional stories of leadership:Robert E.Lee,John Buford at Gettysburg.我在很多传统的关于领导力的故事所熏陶下成长Robert E.Lee,John Buford在葛斯底堡05:35And I also was raised with personal examples of leadership.我同样受到了 一些关于个人领导力的例子的熏陶05:41This was my father in Vietnam.这是我的父亲在越南05:46And I was raised to believe that soldiers were
32、strong and wiseand brave and faithful-they didnt lie,cheat,steal orabandon their comrades.我从小的培养就相信 士兵是强壮和智慧的 是勇敢和忠诚的 他们不会说谎,欺骗和偷盗 或者被战友所遗弃05:49And I still believe real leaders are like that.而我一直相信领导者就是这样的05:59But in my first 25 years of career,I had a bunch of differentexperiences.但在我职业生涯头25个年头中 我获
33、得了很多不同的经历06:06One of my first battalion commanders,I worked in hisbattalion for 18 months and the only conversation he everhad with Lt.McChrystal was at mile 18 of a 25-mile roadmarch,and he chewed my ass for about 40 seconds.我第一个战事中的一个指挥官 我在他的营部工作了18个月 他唯一和McChrystal中将的谈话 是在25英里的行军中走到18英里的时候 他严厉斥责我
34、大约40秒06:11And Im not sure that was real interaction.我不肯定这是否一个真正意义上的互动06:24Lee:n.保护;背风处/adj.保护的;庇荫的;避风的 abandon:n.狂热;放任/vt.遗弃;放弃 comrades:n.同志们(comrade的复数)abunch of:一群;一束;一堆 battalion:n.营,军营;军队,部队 commanders:n.指挥官(commander的复数)chewed:n.咀嚼;咀嚼物/vt.嚼碎,咀嚼/vi.细想,深思But then a couple of years later,when I w
35、as a companycommander,I went out to the national training center.但几年过去以后,当我是一个连队的指挥官时 我去了全国训练中心06:27And we did an operation,and my company did a dawnattack-you know,the classic dawn attack:you prepare allnight,move to the line of departure.我们布置了一个行动 我的连队做了一个黎明攻击你知道,经典的黎明攻击 你需要整晚准备,来到了出发的地方06:32And I
36、 had an armored organization at that point.当时我拥有一个有装甲的团队06:40We move forward,and we get wiped out-I mean,wipedout immediately.我们按计划行动,我们被全歼了 我是说立刻被全歼了06:42The enemy didnt break a sweat doing it.敌人没花摧毁之力06:46And after the battle,they bring this mobile theater and theydo what they call an after action
37、 review在那次行动之后,他们带来了移动的电影院 做了“行动后的回顾”06:49to teach you what youve done wrong.教你那些地方做错了06:54Sort of leadership by humiliation.所谓的屈辱教育06:56They put a big screen up,and they take you through他们带来一个大屏幕,让你重温一切06:58They put a big screen up,and they take you througheverything.And then you didnt do this,and
38、you didnt do this,etc.“.你没有做这个,你也没有做这个,等等。”07:00I walked out feeling as low as a snakes belly in a wagon rut.我走出来后感觉 自己非常愚蠢07:03armored:adj.装甲的 wiped out:精疲力竭的 humiliation:n.丢脸,耻辱;蒙羞;谦卑 rut:n.发情期;惯例;性冲动;凹槽/vt.挖槽于;在形成车辙/vi.发情And I saw my battalion commander,because I had let himdown.而我看到我这个营部的指挥员,因为我
39、让他失望了07:07And I went up to apologize to him,and he said,Stanley,Ithought you did great.我走上去跟他道歉 他说:Stanley,我觉得你做得很好。”07:10And in one sentence,he lifted me,put me back on my feet,and taught me that leaders can let you fail and yet not letyou be a failure.这一句话,他的支持让我重新振作 教会好领导者会让你尝试失败 但不会让你变成败者。07:15W
40、hen 9/11 came,46 year-old Brig.Gen.McChrystal sees awhole new world.当911来临的时候,46岁的Brig.Gen.McChrystal看到一个全新的世界。07:28First,the things that are obvious,that youre familiar with:the environment changed-the speed,the scrutiny,thesensitivity of everything now is so fast,sometimes it evolvesfaster than pe
41、ople have time to really reflect on it.首先,这些是很明显的,你熟悉的:环境改变了-速度,审议 对所有事物的感触都很快 有时变化得更加快 没有时间给人们作出反应07:34But everything we do is in a different context.但所有我们做的事情 都是在不同的情况下07:47More importantly,the force that I led was spread over morethan 20 countries.更加重要的是,我领导的军队 已经遍布了20多个国家07:52Brig:n.双桅横帆船;禁闭室;警卫
42、室 Gen:n.情报;一般布告 familiar with:熟悉 scrutiny:n.详细审查；监视；细看；选票复查 sensitivity:n.敏感;敏感性;过敏 evolves:v.进化,进展(evolve的第三人称单数形式)reflect on:仔细考虑,思考;反省;回想,回顾;怀疑 spread over:传遍,延续;遍布于And instead of being able to get all the key leaders for adecision together in a single room and look them in the eyeand build their
43、 confidence and get trust from them,代替将所有的主要领导人 为了一个决定集中在一个房间里面 直视他们,建立他们信心,从他们那里得到信任,07:57Im now leading a force thats dispersed,and Ive got to useother techniques.现在我领带一支分散的军队 我需要使用其他技术。08:05Ive got to use video teleconferences,Ive got to use chat,Ivegot to use email,Ive got to use phone calls-我需要
44、用视频会议,我需要使用聊天工具,我需要用电邮,我需要用电话08:11Ive got to use everything I can,not just for communication,but for leadership.我要用上所有我能用上的东西 但这不仅仅是为了交流沟通 这是为了领导。08:16A 22 year-old individual operating alone thousands of milesfrom me has got to communicate to me with confidence.一个22岁的人 一个人独立行动 他离我数千里远需要有信心与我交流。08:2
45、3I have to have trust in them and vice versa.我需要相信他们,反之亦然08:32And I also have to build their faith.我需要建立他们的信心08:35And thats a new kind of leadership for me.这是新型的领导能力 对于我来说08:38We had one operation where we had to coordinate it frommultiple locations.我们需要有一个运作系统 我需要把多个地方联系起来08:42An emerging opportuni
46、ty came-didnt have time to geteverybody together.一个紧急机会来了 没有时间让所有人集中在一起08:46dispersed:adj.散布的;被分散的;被驱散的/v.分散;传播(disperse的过去分词)teleconferences:电话会议;通信远程会议vice versa:反之亦然So we had to get complex intelligence together,we had toline up the ability to act.但我们需要集中智慧 我们必须合力去采取行动。08:51It was sensitive,we ha
47、d to go up the chain of command,convince them that this was the right thing to do,and do allof this on electronic medium.这是很敏感的,我们必须一路向上汇报 说服他们这是我们应该做的事情 完成这些东西 在电子的媒介上08:56We failed.我们失败了。09:06The mission didnt work.这个任务没有能完成。09:09And so now what we had to do,is I had to reach out to try torebuild
48、the trust of that force,rebuild their confidence-meand them and them and me and our seniors and us as aforce-all without the ability to put a hand on a shoulder.所以我们现在需要做的 我必须达到 能重建（我带领的）军队的信任 重建他们的信心 我跟他们和他们跟我 还有我们的上级和作为整个军队的我们 所有的事情都不能单靠个人的力量09:11Entirely new requirement.全新的要求09:27Also,the people
49、had changed.当然人们也改变了09:31You probably think that the force that I led was all steely-eyed commandos with big knuckle fists carrying exoticweapons.你可能会想我带领的军队 他们都是由钢铁般的眼神和巨大指节拳头的突击队员 他们都带着奇异的武器09:34In reality,much of the force I led looked exactly like you.事实上 大部分我带领的军队 看来都跟你们一样09:42line up:排列起;整队 se
50、niors:n.年长者,老年人;资历较深的人(senior的复数形式)hand on:转交;传递下去 commandos:n.突击队;盟军敢死队;二战特种兵(commando的复数)knuckle:n.关节;指关节;指节;膝关节;肘/vi.开始认真工作/vt.用指关节敲打 fists:n.拳头(fist的复数形式);拳套/v.紧握;用拳头打(fist的第三人称单数)exotic:adj.异国的;外来的;异国情调的It was men,women,young,old-not just from military;fromdifferent organizations,many of them d