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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件Strap yourselves in,were going to Mars.大家做好准备 我们要去火星。00:13Not just a few astronauts-thousands of people are going tocolonize Mars.不仅仅是一些宇航员 成千上万的人准备殖民火星。00:17And I am telling you that theyre going to do this soon.相信我,这将发生在不久的将来。00:22Some of you will end up working on projects on Mars,an
2、d Iguarantee that some of your children will end up living there.你们当中的一些人将留在火星工作,我保证你们的孩子也将一直留在那里。00:26That probably sounds preposterous,so Im going to sharewith you how and when that will happen.这可能听起来很荒谬 所以我将和各位分享这如何发生,何时发生。00:33But first I want to discuss the obvious question:Why the heckshould w
3、e do this?首先我想讨论一个显而易见的问题:我们为什么要这么做？00:3912 years ago,I gave a TED talk on 10 ways the world couldend suddenly.12年前,我在TED进行了一场关于十种世界突然毁灭的方式的演讲。00:45We are incredibly vulnerable to the whims of our owngalaxy.我们在宇宙的奇思妙想面前真的难以置信的脆弱。00:50A single,large asteroid could take us out forever.单单一颗略大的小行星就可以让我们
4、永远消失。00:55To survive we have to reach beyond the home planet.为了生存,我们必须有后备的星球。00:59colonize:vt.将开拓为殖民地;移于殖民地;从他地非法把选民移入/vi.开拓殖民地;移居于殖民地 preposterous:adj.荒谬的;可笑的 incredibly:adv.难以置信地；非常地 vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的，易受的攻击；易受伤害的；有弱点的 whims:虚妄/禅病 asteroid:n.天小行星;无脊椎海盘车;小游星/adj.星状的Think what a tragedy it would b
5、e if all that humans haveaccomplished were suddenly obliterated.试想如果人类所创造的所有成就瞬间消失 那将是多大的悲剧啊。01:02And theres another reason we should go:exploration is inour DNA.还有一个原因:我们生而勇于探索。01:08Two million years ago humans evolved in Africa and thenslowly but surely spread out across the entire planet byreachi
6、ng into the wilderness that was beyond their horizons.两百万年前起源于非洲的人类 缓慢却坚定地探索着望不到尽头的荒野 最终足迹遍布了整个星球。01:13This stuff is inside us.这是我们的灵魂。01:25And they prospered doing that.而且他们成功了。01:27Some of the greatest advances in civilization and technologycame because we explored.因为我们不停的探索,文明和科技都取得了 长足的进步。01:30Y
7、es,we could do a lot of good with the money it will take toestablish a thriving colony on Mars.当然我们可以用钱 搞定很多事情去建立一个蒸蒸日上的火星殖民地。01:37And yes we should all be taking far better care of our ownhome planet.当然,我们也应该更好地管理和爱护我们自己的星球。01:42And yes,I worry we could screw up Mars the way wevescrewed up Earth.当然
8、,我担心就像我们搞砸了地球一样,我们可能也会搞砸火星。01:48obliterated:(obliterated是obliterate的过去分词)v.涂去；消灭的痕迹；使消失；除去 spread out:展开;铺开;伸张horizons:天地平线 prospered:vi.繁荣,昌盛;成功/vt.使成功;使昌盛;使繁荣 take to:喜欢;走向;开始从事thriving:adj.繁荣的;蒸蒸日上的;旺盛的/v.兴旺(thrive的ing形式)screw up:拧紧;鼓舞;弄糟;狠狠地提高But think for a moment,what we had when John F.Kenned
9、ytold us we would put a human on the moon.不过先想一想,当肯尼迪总统向所有人宣布我们可以把一个人类送到月球上时,01:54He excited an entire generation to dream.他点燃了整代人的梦想。02:00Think how inspired we will be to see a landing on Mars.试想为了登陆火星我们将受到多么大的鼓舞。02:05Perhaps then we will look back at Earth and see that that isone people instead of
10、 many and perhaps then we will lookback at Earth,as we struggle to survive on Mars,and realize也许孤身一人时,会回想地球的时光。也许我们在火星顽强生存时,会回想地球的美好,会意识到家的宝贵。02:08TED演讲者：Stephen Petranek|斯蒂芬彼得雷内克演讲标题：Your kids might live on Mars.Heres how theyll survive|你的孩子也许就将在火星生存。请看他们如何生存。内容概要：It sounds like science fiction,but
11、 journalist Stephen Petranek considers it fact:within20 years,humans will live on Mars.In this provocative talk,Petranek makes the case thathumans will become a spacefaring species and describes in fascinating detail how well makeMars our next home.Humans will survive no matter what happens on Earth
12、,Petranek says.We will never be the last of our kind.癌症，是一种非常聪明且善于适应环境的疾病。宝拉哈蒙德（Paula Hammond），一位医学研究人员和教育者，她说，我们需要一种崭新且强劲的攻击模式来击溃它。她和她在麻省理工的同事，研发出一种，只有人类头发宽度的百分之一的奈米级粒子，它可以治疗最具攻击性、抗药性的癌症。让我们一起瞭解这个分子级的超级武器，并加入哈蒙德的任务，一起对抗这个会影响我们所有人的疾病癌症。back at Earth,as we struggle to survive on Mars,and realizehow p
13、recious the home planet is.So let me tell you about the extraordinary adventure wereabout to undertake.下面我来介绍我们将进行的神奇旅程。02:23But first,a few fascinating facts about where were going.首先,介绍一下我们将要去的地方的奇妙之处。02:29This picture actually represents the true size of Marscompared to Earth.这张照片真实的反应了地球和火星的大小对比
14、。02:34Mars is not our sister planet.火星不是我们的姊妹星球,02:38Its far less than half the size of the Earth,and yet despite thefact that its smaller,the surface area of Mars that you canstand on is equivalent to the surface area of the Earth thatyou can stand on,because the Earth is mostly covered bywater.它比地
15、球尺寸的一半还要小得多,不过虽然火星小一些,在火星上表面人类可以活动的面积 和在地球上差不多大,因为地球主要被水覆盖。02:40fascinating:adj.迷人的；吸引人的；使人神魂颠倒的/v.使着迷；使陶醉(fascinate的ing形式)equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的/n.等价物,相等物The atmosphere on Mars is really thin-100 times thinnerthan on Earth-and its not breathable,its 96 percentcarbon dioxide.火星的大气层非常稀薄,只有地球的厚度的
16、百分之一,而且火星上不能呼吸,96%的空气是二氧化碳。02:55Its really cold there.火星非常冷。03:04The average temperature is minus 81 degrees,althoughthere is quite a range of temperature.平均气温零下63摄氏度,昼夜温差也非常大。03:06A day on Mars is about as long as a day on Earth,plus about39 minutes.火星上的一昼夜的长短和地球上差不多,比地球长大约39分钟。03:13Seasons and yea
17、rs on Mars are twice as long as they are onEarth.火星上的每个季节和每年的时间都是地球上的两倍长。03:18And for anybody who wants to strap on some wings and goflying one day,Mars has a lot less gravity than on Earth,andits the kind of place where you can jump over your carinstead of walk around it.对那些想插上翅膀在火星上飞的人来说,火星的重力比地球小
18、很多,所以是个好选择。不用绕过你的车你可以直接跳过去。03:24Now,as you can see,Mars isnt exactly Earth-like,but its byfar the most livable other place in our entire solar system.如你所见,火星并不是像地球,但是这是整个太阳系里除地球外最适合居住的地方了。03:36Heres the problem.不过有个问题。03:45thinner:adj.较薄的;较瘦的;较细的(thin的比较级)/n.(油漆的)稀释剂;冲淡剂;使变稀薄者,加稀料的制漆工 breathable:adj
19、.可以吸入的,可以呼吸的 dioxide:n.二氧化物 jump over:v.跳过 as you can see:正如你所看到的;你是知道的 livable:adj.适于居住的;生活过得有价值的 solar system:天太阳系Mars is a long way away,a thousand times farther away fromus than our own moon.去火星路途遥远 是地月距离的一千倍。03:46The Moon is 250,000 miles away and it took Apolloastronauts three days to get ther
20、e.月亮在四十万公里外 阿波罗号载着宇航员去那里要三天的时间。03:54Mars is 250 million miles away and it will take us eightmonths to get there-240 days.火星在四亿公里以外 要八个月我们才能到达,也就是240天。04:02And thats only if we launch on a very specific day,at a veryspecific time,once every two years,when Mars and the Earthare aligned just so,so the
21、distance that the rocket wouldhave to travel will be the shortest.而且我们每年只有两次机会,趁地球和火星 成一条线的的时候 在这个特殊的日子特殊的时间降落,因为这时候火箭运行的距离才是最短的。04:10240 days is a long time to spend trapped with yourcolleagues in a tin can.所有人在火箭里待240天简直就是度日如年。04:24And meanwhile,our track record of getting to Mars is lousy.而且翻看过去我
22、们去火星的记录也不是很理想。04:30We and the Russians,the Europeans,the Japanese,theChinese and the Indians,have actually sent 44 rockets there,and the vast majority of them have either missed or crashed.我们、俄罗斯人、欧洲人、日本人 中国人和印度人 一共发射了44只火箭,大部分都消失或者坠毁了。04:34Apollo:n.阿波罗(太阳神);美男子 launch on:开始;着手 aligned:adj.对齐的;均衡的/v
23、.结盟(align的过去式);使成一直线track record:n.径赛成绩记录;过去的成绩或成就 Europeans:n.欧洲人(European的复数)rockets:n.航火箭,烟火;火箭弹(rocket的复数形式)/v.用火箭运载;飞速上升;猛涨(rocket的第三人称单数)Only about a third of the missions to Mars have beensuccessful.只有三分之一的火箭成功到达了火星。04:45And we dont at the moment have a rocket big enough toget there anyway.而且
24、我们现在也没有可以到达火星的足够大的火箭。04:49We once had that rocket,the Saturn V.我们曾经有一只叫做土星五号的大火箭。04:55A couple of Saturn Vs would have gotten us there.几只土星五号就可以把我们送过去。04:57It was the most magnificent machine ever built by humans,and it was the rocket that took us to the Moon.那是人类迄今为止制造的最大的机器,它也正是带我们去月球的那只火箭。04:59Bu
25、t the last Saturn V was used in 1973 to launch the Skylabspace station,and we decided to do something called theshuttle instead of continuing on to Mars after we landed onthe Moon.但是在最后一只土星五号火箭1973年把宇宙空间站送上太空后 继续登陆火星,转而开始研发航天飞机。05:06The biggest rocket we have now is only half big enough toget us any
26、thing to Mars.目前我们所拥有的最大火箭 只有当时的一半大。05:18www.XiYuS锡育软件So getting to Mars is not going to be easy and that brings upa really interesting question.所以去火星并不容易。那么问题来了05:24how soon will the first humans actually land here?第一批人类登陆火星还要多久？05:31Now,some pundits think if we got there by 2050,thatd be apretty g
27、ood achievement.一些专家认为进展顺利的话,2025年我们可以成功登陆火星。05:37Saturn:n.天土星;农业之神(罗马神话中的一个形象)magnificent:adj.高尚的；壮丽的；华丽的；宏伟的 pundits:权威(pundit的复数)These days,NASA seems to be saying that it can get humansto Mars by 2040.最近NASA似乎认为2040年前就可以送人类登陆火星。05:43Maybe they can.也许他们可以做到。05:50I believe that they can get human
28、beings into Mars orbit by2035.我认为他们可以在2035年之前就把人送入火星轨道。05:52But frankly,I dont think theyre going to bother in 2035 tosend a rocket to Mars,because we will already be there.但是坦白说,我不认为他们在2035年还会操心发射火箭到火星的事情,因为我们已经在那里了。05:57Were going to land on Mars in 2027.我们将要在2027年登陆火星。06:05And the reason is this
29、man is determined to make thathappen.因为 有人下决心做到这件事。06:10His name is Elon Musk,hes the CEO of Tesla Motors andSpaceX.他叫埃隆马斯克特斯拉和SpaceX公司的CEO。06:13Now,he actually told me that we would land on Mars by2025,but Elon Musk is more optimistic than I am-andthats going a ways-so Im giving him a couple of yea
30、rs ofslack.实际上他跟我说2025年前我们就可以登陆火星,但是埃隆马斯克比我要乐观,这是他的行事方式,所以我多给他两年作为缓冲。06:19Still.不过,06:32youve got to ask yourself,can this guy really do this by 2025or 2027?大家可能会怀疑,这个人真的可以在2025年到2027年间做到么？06:34Well,lets put a decade with Elon Musk into a littleperspective.我们先看一下有埃隆马斯克的十年是如何发展的。06:40orbit:n.轨道;眼眶;势力
31、范围;生活常规/vi.盘旋;绕轨道运行/vt.绕轨道而行 Elon:n.埃伦(可溶性显影剂粉末)Musk:n.麝香;麝香鹿;麝香香味 Motors:n.汽车;发动机(motor的复数);汽车公司证券 slack:adj.松弛的;疏忽的;不流畅的/vi.松懈;减弱/n.煤末;峡谷/vt.放松;使缓慢/adv.马虎地;缓慢地Where was this 10 years ago?十年前是怎样的？06:45Thats the Tesla electric automobile.这是特斯拉电动汽车。06:47In 2005,a lot of people in the automobile indus
32、try weresaying,we would not have a decent electric car for 50 years.2005年很多汽车产业的人表示 50年后我们才会有一辆高级的电动汽车。06:49And where was that?十年前的火箭产业呢？07:00That is SpaceXs Falcon 9 rocket,lifting six tons of supplies tothe International Space Station.这是SpaceX的猎鹰9号运载火箭 满载六吨物资去往国际空间站。07:0210 years ago,SpaceX had no
33、t launched anything,or fired arocket to anywhere.十年前,SpaceX还没有发射过任何火箭。07:09So I think its a pretty good bet that the person who isrevolutionizing the automobile industry in less than 10 yearsand the person who created an entire rocket company in lessthan 10 years will get us to Mars by 2027.所以我认为 一个
34、用不到十年时间 颠覆整个汽车产业 并且白手起家创造整个火箭产业的人 是可以在2027年前带我们上火星的。07:16Now,you need to know this:governments and robots nolonger control this game.你要知道:政府和机器人不再是太空飞行的掌控者,07:32Private companies are leaping into space and they will behappy to take you to Mars.私人公司跳跃式的发展进入太空,他们很乐意带我们去火星。07:40And that raises a really
35、 big question.不过随之而来的问题是07:45decent:adj.正派的；得体的；相当好的 Falcon:n.鸟猎鹰;鸟隼 revolutionizing:vt.发动革命;彻底改革;宣传革命/vi.革命化;从事革命 leaping:adj.跳跃的,跳跃而行的/n.跳跃/v.跳跃(leap的ing形式)Can we actually live there?我们真的可以在火星生存么？07:49Now,NASA may not be able to get us there until 2040,or wemay get there a long time before NASA,bu
36、t NASA has takena huge responsibility in figuring out how we can live on Mars.NASA也许直到2040年才可以把我们送到火星,也许我们在NASA之前就已经到达火星了,但是NASA需要解决我们在火星如何生存的问题。a huge responsibility in figuring out how we can live on Mars.07:52Lets look at the problem this way.我们换个方式看这个问题。08:04Heres what you need to live on Earth:
37、food,water,shelterand clothing.这是在地球上生存的必需品:食物、水、住所和衣物。08:06And heres what you need to live on Mars:all of the above,plus oxygen.这是在火星上生存的必需品:上面的所有加上氧气。08:12So lets look at the most important thing on this list first.我们先说单子上最重要的东西。08:18Water is the basis of all life as we know it,and its far tooheav
38、y for us to carry water from the Earth to Mars to live,sowe have to find water if our life is going to succeed on Mars.我们都知道水是生命之源,从地球带水去火星是不可能的,所以想要成功殖民火星我们必须找到水源。08:22And if you look at Mars,it looks really dry,it looks like theentire planet is a desert.乍一看火星是很干燥的,整个行星就像一个大沙漠,08:35But it turns out
39、 that its not.但实际上并非如此。08:41The soil alone on Mars contains up to 60 percent water.仅仅火星上的泥土就包含60%的水。08:43And a number of orbiters that we still have flying aroundMars have shown us-and by the way,thats a realphotograph-that lots of craters on Mars have a sheet ofwater ice in them.仍然盘旋在火星上空的人造卫星的照片告诉
40、我们,顺便说一句这是一张真实照片,很多火星环形山中间都被冰所覆盖。08:48at the most:至多,不超过 craters:n.地质火山口;天环形山(crater复数)/v.形成坑;毁坏(crater的三单形式)Its not a bad place to start a colony.在这里殖民就不错。09:00Now,heres a view of a little dig the Phoenix Lander did in2008,showing that just below the surface of the soil is ice-that white stuff is i
41、ce.这是2008年凤凰号火星登录器进行的小小的挖掘的照片,可以看到地表下就是冰,白色的就是冰,09:03In the second picture,which is four days later than the firstpicture,you can see that some of it is evaporating.第二张图 拍摄于第一张图之后四天,你可以看到部分冰升华了。09:13Orbiters also tell us that there are huge amounts ofunderground water on Mars as well as glaciers.卫星也
42、告诉我们 火星地下水和冰山资源 都非常丰富。09:20In fact,if only the water ice at the poles on Mars melted,most of the planet would be under 30 feet of water.实际上如果所有火星两级的冰融化了,火星上绝大部分地方都会被9米深的水所覆盖。09:26So theres plenty of water there,but most of its ice,most ofits underground,it takes a lot of energy to get it and a lot o
43、fhuman labor.所以水资源很丰富。不过大多数是冰大多数在地下,需要大量人力和能源去开采和挖掘。09:34This is a device cooked up at the University of Washingtonback in 1998.这个仪器是1998年由华盛顿大学 提出的设想。09:44Its basically a low-tech dehumidifier.基本上这是一个低科技除湿器。09:48Lander:n.着陆器;出铁槽;把钩工人 evaporating:adj.蒸发作用的/v.蒸发(evaporate的ing形式)glaciers:n.地理水文冰川(glac
44、ier的复数);地理水文冰河 poles:n.极点(pole的复数形式);雪杖;杆位次数 melted:adj.融化的;溶解的/v.融化;溶解(melt的过去式)low-tech:adj.低技术的 dehumidifier:n.减湿剂;干燥器And it turns out the Mars atmosphere is often 100 percenthumid.事实上火星大气100%是非常潮湿的,09:51So this device can extract all the water that humans will needsimply from the atmosphere on M
45、ars.这个装置可以仅仅从大气中吸取水分 来满足人类需求。09:56Next we have to worry about what we will breathe.接下来我们要考虑如何呼吸。10:04Frankly,I was really shocked to find out that NASA has thisproblem worked out.坦白地说我发现 NASA已经找到了解决方案时我惊呆了。10:07This is a scientist at MIT named Michael Hecht.这位在MIT的科学家叫做迈克尔赫克特。10:12And hes developed
46、this machine,Moxie.他制造了这个机器,莫克西。10:16I love this thing.我爱这个机器10:18Its a reverse fuel cell,essentially,that sucks in the Martianatmosphere and pumps out oxygen.它本质上是一个反向燃料电池,吸收火星的大气释放氧气。10:19And you have to remember that CO2-carbon dioxide,which is 96 percent of Mars atmosphere-CO2 is basically78 per
47、cent oxygen.96%的火星大气成分二氧化碳 基本上可以转化成为 78%的氧气。10:26Now,the next big rover that NASA sends to Mars in 2020 isgoing to have one of these devices aboard,and it will be ableto produce enough oxygen to keep one person aliveindefinitely.2020年下一个NASA发射的巨型探测器 将会携带这些装置去火星,它可以制造足够一个人 一生取之不尽的氧气。10:35humid:adj.潮湿
48、的;湿润的;多湿气的 extract:vt.提取;取出;摘录;榨取/n.汁;摘录;榨出物;选粹 Moxie:n.精力;勇气 Martian:adj.火星的/n.火星人 pumps:n.机泵;脉动(pump的复数);抽运器;无带轻便舞鞋/v.用泵送;抽动;汲取;盘问(pump的三单形式)rover:n.漫游者;流浪者;漂泊者/n.(Rover)人名;(英)罗弗;(意)罗韦尔/n.罗孚(汽车品牌)indefinitely:adv.不确定地，无限期地；模糊地，不明确地But the secret to this-and thats just for testing-the神奇的是,这只是在试验阶段,
49、神奇的是这个装置从一开始被设计成 可以扩展到100倍大小的规模。But the secret to this-and thats just for testing-thesecret to this is that this thing was designed from the get-goto be scalable by a factor of 100.从一开始被设计成 可以扩展到100倍大小的规模。10:47Next,what will we eat?接下来我们吃什么？10:58Well,well use hydroponics to grow food,but were notgoi
50、ng to be able to grow more than 15 to 20 percent of ourfood there,at least not until water is running on the surfaceof Mars and we actually have the probability and thecapability of planting crops.我们用水培法种植作物,不过我们的种植规模不能超过我们粮食需求的15-20%。除非火星表面已经被水覆盖 并且我们有可能也有能力种植作物。11:01In the meantime,most of our foo