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1、Unit 4 A good read 第2课时 reading八年级英语下册同步精品讲义（牛津译林版）目标导航1、 After our ship crashed against the rocks,I swam as far as I could. 当我们的船撞到礁石损坏之后，我奋力前游。1）crash不及物动词，“碰撞，倒下，坠落，（飞机 ）坠毁”。crash名词，“碰撞；碰撞声”。 2) against是介词，意思是：靠着、顶着、迎着、衬着，The teachers desk is against the wall. 老师的办公桌靠墙放着。The red flag looks very b
2、right against the blue sky. 红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得十分鲜艳。3) as far as 意为：与一样远、一直到，在否定句中也可写为 so far as, We walked as far as the river. 我们一直走到河边。【拓展】：as far as也可表示为“就而言， 从来看， 尽所能” as. as one can/could意为“尽某人所能”，相当于as. as possible。Well help you as far as it is possible. 我们会尽可能帮助你。2、 By the time I finally felt the la
3、nd under my feet，I was tired out.等到我终于感觉到脚下的陆地时，我已筋疲力尽。by the time“到时为止”，引导时间状语从句。Be tired out 意思是：疲倦，精疲力竭Those players were tired out after the fierce match. 那些队员在那场激烈的比赛之后感到精疲力竭了。【拓展】：be tired of 对.感到厌倦; be tired with 因.而疲劳 I am tired of living aboard. 我厌烦了国外的生活。He was tired with climbing that ste
4、ep hill.我爬那座陡山爬累了.3、I woke up as the sun was rising.当太阳升起时我醒了过来rise（rose，risen，rising）不及物动词，“（太阳、月亮、星星等）升起，上升”。rise by意为“上升了”，rise to意为“上升到”。不及物动词，“上升”，指人或事物自身不借助外力起来、升高。及物动词，“上升，举起”，指人为地让物体升高。4、My arms，legs and hair were tied to the ground!我的胳膊、腿和头发被拴在了地上!tie及物动词，“捆，绑，系”。其现在分词为tying。tie.to.意为“把系/栓到
5、上”。tie可数名词，“领带，带子”。 5、It moved up over my stomach and neck until it Was standing near my face.它向上爬过我的腹部和脖子，直到站在我的脸附近。until连词，“直到为止”，其主要用法有：（1）用于肯定句时与延续性动词连用，指主句的动作一直持续到until后的动作发生为止。（2）not.until.意为“直到才”，主句动通常为非延续性动词，指主句的动作一直到until后的动作发生时才发生。until介词，意为“直到为止”。 I studied English until 9 oclock last nig
6、ht. 昨晚我学英语直到九点钟。（表示九点前一直在学） I didnt leave until 9 oclock last night. 我昨晚直到九点钟才离开。（表示九点才离开）6、I looked down and saw a very small man.我低头看了看，看见一个非常矮小的男人。look down“向下看，低头看”。look up 向上看；查阅 look out of 从向外看 look up and down上下打量 look to the left 向左看 look into. 向里看 look around 向四周看，环顾四周7、He was the same siz
7、e as my little finger! 他不过小手指那么点大!same size as.“和一样尺寸，与样大小”。the same as“和一样”。the same.as.“和一样”。8、There were around 40of them.有大约 40个。around副词，“大约”，相当于about。around副词，“在周围，到处，四周”。around 介词，“遍及，在四周”。9、I shouted at themthe loud noise made them all fall over. 我朝他们吼叫很大的声音使得危们都倒了下去。1）shout at“冲大喊大叫”，多指因为生气
8、等而非善意地对某人吼叫。 shout to“向叫喊”，多指因距离远而不得不大声叫喊。2）noise，名词，指噪音、嘈杂声、吵闹声，一般指不悦耳、不和谐的声音；可用作可数名词，也可用作不可数名词。voice，名词，多指人发出的声音，包括说话声、歌声和笑声等，还指鸟叫声。sound，名词，一般泛指可以听到的任何声音。连系动词，意为“听起来”，后接形容词作表语。sound like意为“听起来像”。3）make sb.do sth.“使某人做某事”。 4）fall over“摔倒”。 fall off“（从上）摔下。fall down“摔倒；落下；倒塌”。fall behind“落后”。10、How
9、ever, they soon got up again and continued moving across my body. 然而，他们很快又爬了起来，继续在我的身体上走动。1）continue doing sth.“继续做某事”。continue to do sth.“继续做某事”。2）continue及物动词，“继续”。指动作或状态的继续或持续不中断。可以表示一件事一直在做，中间没有停歇；也可以表示中间有一个中断，接着又做下去，可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。后可以加名词、动名词、不定式或that从句。She looked up for a moment, then continue
10、d drawing. 她抬头看了一下，然后继续画画。11、One of these small men began talking to me.其中小矮人开始与我交谈 one of.“之一”，of后接可数名词复数或宾格代词的复数。“one of +复数名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。one of.后的名词前经常用形容词最高级修饰，即“one of + the +形容词最高级复数名词”意为“最的之一”。12、I tried to pull one hand free and finally managed to break the ropes. 我尽力挣脱一只手，最后设法弄断了绳索。t
11、ry to so sth.，努力去做某事，表示想尽一切办法要把事情办成。try doing sth.，尝试着做某事，指为了达到某种目的而去尝试。manage to do sth.，表示“设法完成某事”，强调做成了。try to do sth.，表示“尽力做某事”，但不一定成功。manage用及物动词，“管理；经营；控制；处理”，后接名词或代词。13、When I lifted my left hand into the air.当我把我的左手举到空中时lift及物动词，“举起，抬高；提高”。 lift可数名词，“电梯”。14、I looked down and saw a huge army
12、of tiny people. 我低头向下看，看见一大群小矮人。an army of.“一群”。 army名词，“军队（尤指陆军）”。 15、keep doing something一直做某事keep doing sth.“不断地做某事，一直做某事”。keep on doing sth.“反复做某事”。keep sb.from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”，其中介词from不能省略。keep及物动词，“保存，保管”。keep及物动词，“饲养，养活”。keep及物动词，“保持”，可用于复合宾语结构，其宾语补足语可以是介词、形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词等。16、Gulliver fo
13、und himself unable to move.格列佛发现自己不能动弹。unable形容词，“不能的，不会的”。（be）unable to do sth.意为“不能做某事”，相当于（be）not able to do sth.。17、I did not know what to say either. I tried to pull one hand free and finally managed to break the ropes.我也不知道说什么。我尽量空出一只手并且最终设法弄断了绳子。1) either是副词，用于否定句中作“也”解释，通常置于句末。Either还可以用来强调否
14、定含义的短语。I dont like the red shirt and I dont like the green either. 我不喜欢这件红色衬衫我也不喜欢这件绿色的。As for me, I shall not return there either. 如果是我，我也不会回到那儿去。【拓展】：either用作代词，意为“（两者之中）任一、任何一个”，在句中作主语时谓语动词用单数，用作定语时，只能修饰单数名词。Either of the books is popular with the students. 两本书中任何一本都受到学生的欢迎。2) manage意为“设法完成，管理”，名
15、词为managementHow did you manage to get their approval? 你怎样得到他们同意的？Under strict management, his business gained ground. javascript:;在严格的管理下, 他的生意有了起色. 能力拓展一、 完成句子1迄今为止，他是这家电台最好的节目主持人。_, he is the best DJ in the radio station.【答案】So far【详解】so far“迄今为止”，句首需大写首字母。故填So far。2昨天直到音乐会结束我才回家。I _ go home _ the
16、 concert was over yesterday.【答案】didnt until【详解】根据所给汉语意思可知，应该填的是“直到才”，notuntil意为“直到才”，“go”是实义动词且时态是一般过去时，所以用助动词didnt，故填didnt；until。3你介意和我们分享你的经验吗? Do you mind _?【答案】sharing your experience with us【详解】share sth with sb“与某人分享某物”；your experience“你的经验”，mind doing sth“介意做某事”，动名词作宾语，故填sharing your experien
17、ce with us。4哦，但是萨姆直到下周三才走。Oh, but Sam _ leaving _ next Wednesday.【答案】isnt until【详解】“直到才”对应的英文为“not.until”；leave为短暂性动词，可用现在进行时表将来，即be+动词现在分词，否定形式在be后加not；主语为Sam，第三人称单数，故be动词用is。故填isnt；until。5到目前为止，这是我最喜欢的书。This is my favorite book _ _.【答案】so far【详解】“到目前为止”可译为so far，在句子中时间状语。故填so；far。分层提分题组A 能力提升练二、完型
18、填空Once upon a time, there was a swan（天鹅）. She lived in a lake. A woman with her two daughters lived in a small house _6_ the lake. They lived a hard life. Sometimes they didnt have _7_ to buy food.The swan was _8_ to see that. She _9_ to help them. Every day she came to the womans house and left a g
19、olden feather（羽毛）without _10_ anything. The woman sold the feather _11_ bought food. She was happy because her life was _12_ than before. But _13_ woman became greedy（贪婪的）. One day when the swan came, the woman caught her and took all her golden feathers. Suddenly the golden feathers _14_common feat
20、hers.The swan said, “I came to help you, but you wanted to kill _15_. I will never come back. Never be greedy.” With these words, the swan disappeared（消失）.6AinBonCnearDunder7AtimeBmoneyChouseDfeathers8AunhappyBhappyCfriendlyDunfriendly9ArushedBdecidedChurriedDcontinued10AsayBsaysCsaidDsaying11AsoBbu
21、tCandDbecause12AwellBgoodCbestDbetter13AaBanCtheD/14Aturned intoBturned upCturned onDturned down15AIBmeChimDher【答案】6C7B8A9B10D11C12D13C14A15B【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一只天鹅帮助了一个带着两个女儿的妇女，但是这个妇女变得太贪婪了，她抓住了天鹅，拔掉了天鹅所有的羽毛。天鹅说不要贪婪，就消失了。【解析】6句意：一位妇女和她的两个女儿住在湖边的一所小房子里。in在里；on在上；near近的；under在下。根据空前的“A woman with h
22、er two daughters lived in a small house”和空后的“the lake”可知，应该是一位妇女和她的两个女儿住在湖边的一所小房子里，near the lake意为“在湖边”，故选C。7句意：有时她们没有钱买食物。time时间；money钱；house房子；feathers羽毛。根据空后的“to buy food”可知，应该是没钱买食物，故选B。8句意：天鹅看到这一点很不高兴。unhappy不开心的；happy开心的；friendly友好的；unfriendly不友好的。根据后文天鹅帮助母女三人可知，当天鹅看到她们没钱买食物时很不开心，故选A。9句意：她决定帮助
23、她们。rushed冲；decided决定；hurried匆忙；continued继续。根据前文的“Every day she came to the womans house and left a golden feather（羽毛）.”可知，应该是决定帮助她们，故选B。10句意：每天她都会来到女人家，什么也不说只给她留下一根金羽毛。say说，动词原形；says动词第三人称单数；said说，动词过去式；saying动名词。根据空前的“without”可知，空缺处应该用动名词作宾语，故选D。11句意：这个女人卖了羽毛，买了食物。so所以；but但是；and并且；because因为，根据“sold
24、 the feather”和“bought food”是并列关系，所以用and，故选C。12句意：她很开心，因为她的生活比以前好了。well好，副词；good好的，形容词；best最好的，形容词最高级；better比较好的，形容词good比较级。根据空后的“than before”可知，空缺处应该用形容词比较级，故选D。13句意：但是这个女人变得贪婪。a不定冠词，用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，表泛指；an不定冠词，用在以元音音素开头的单词前，表泛指；the定冠词，指上文出现的人或物，根据“woman”可知，应该是上文提到过的，所以用定冠词the，故选C。14句意：突然，金色的羽毛变成了普通的羽毛
25、。turned into变成；turned up出现；turned on打开；turned down关闭。根据空前的“Suddenly the golden feathers”和空后的“common feathers”可知，应该是金色的羽毛变成了普通的羽毛，故选A。15句意：我来帮助你，但是你想杀我。I我，人称代词主格；me我，人称代词宾格；him他，人称代词宾格；her她，人称代词宾格。根据空前的“I came to help you, but you wanted to kill.”可知，应该是想要杀我，用宾格作宾语，故选B。三、阅读单选AOne day, a fly was flying
26、 around the kitchen. “What shall I eat today?” he thought. “The running shoes over there have an interesting smell and there is food waste in the rubbish bin.”The fly smelled something different and delicious. He couldnt believe his eyes-someone had left a bottle of honey open on the table! He flew
27、to the bottle and began eating. Slowly he went further and further into the bottle.However, when the fly was full, he found the honey was all over his wings and legs, and he was now trapped (捕捉)! He tried his best to get out, but it was no use.Just then a moth (蛾子) flew by and saw the fly. “What are
28、 you doing there, you silly little fly? ” she asked. “You wouldnt have been in such trouble if you were not so greedy (贪吃的). You should think with your brain but not your stomach.” The fly was angry but had nothing to say in reply.The moth was going to keep laughing at the fly, but then she saw a bu
29、rning candle. “Thats much more interesting than a silly fly!” she thought. “I must have a closer look.”The moth began circling around the bright light, going closer and closer. And then. “OUCH!” shouted the moth as her wings caught fire.The fly said, “Aha, you thought I was so silly to get stuck (粘住
30、) in the honey, but you were not wise enough to stay away from the fire!”16The fly was interested in _ in the end.Athe food waste.Bthe rubbish bin.Ca bottle of honey.Da pair of smelly shoes.17What was flys problem according to the moth?_AHe ate too quickly.BHe shouldnt get angry.CHe chose the wrong
31、food.DHe ate too much and thought too little.18What can we learn about the moth?_AShe wasnt wiser than the fly.BShe wanted to make the candle brighter.CShe circled around the candle to show her courage.DShe wasnt hurt badly.19What does the story tell us?_ANo bee, no honey; no work, no money.BOne who
32、 can do everything can do nothing.CA bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.DIts easier to see others silliness than our own.【答案】16C17D18A19D【分析】本文主要讲述了一只苍蝇因为想吃蜂蜜，被困在蜂蜜中，被飞蛾嘲笑自己贪婪吃的多，但是飞蛾扑火也是缺乏智慧的。【解析】16细节理解题。根据文中“He couldnt believe his eyes someone had left a bottle of honey open on the table! H
33、e flew to the bottle and began eating.”可知，苍蝇最终对一瓶蜂蜜感兴趣。故选C。17细节理解题。根据文中“she asked. “You wouldnt have been in such trouble if you were not so greedy (贪吃的). You should think with your brain but not your stomach.”可知，飞蛾认为苍蝇吃的太多，思考的少。故选D。18细节理解题。根据文中“The moth began circling around the bright light, going
34、 closer and closer. but you were not wise enough to stay away from the fire!”可知，飞蛾困在火里，并不比苍蝇聪明。故选A。19主旨大意题。通读整篇短文可知，这篇短文主要讲述了飞蛾嘲笑苍蝇贪婪不动脑子困在蜂蜜了，飞蛾自己也不够明智的远离火，告诉我们“看到别人的愚蠢比看到自己的愚蠢更容易”道理，选项D符合题意，故选D。BOnce there were some goats (山羊) in a field. Next to the field there was a large river, with a bridge ov
35、er it. No one crossed the bridge because there lived a big ugly and hungry monster (怪物) under the bridge. As soon as he heard anyone on the bridge, he jumped out and ate them.Every day the goats looked across the river. The grass on the other side of the river looked sweet and green. “Why dont we go
36、 across to the other side of the river and eat the sweet green grass?” thought the smallest goat.One day, the smallest goat decided to cross the bridge. He heard a terrible voice when he just stepped onto the bridge. “Whos going to cross my bridge?”The smallest goat was scared. His brothers were too
37、 far away to save (解救) him. He had to save himself.“Its me, the smallest goat.” he said.“Then Im coming to eat you.” said the monster.“Oh, no, please dont do that.” said the smallest goat. “Wait for my brother. He is coming this way. Hes fatter than me.”When one of his brother goats went across the
38、bridge, the monster wanted to eat it. But the goat was big and he knocked (碰撞，碰倒) the monster down with his big horns (角). The monster fell into the river and the water carried him far away.20The goats wanted to go to the other side of the river because _.Athey wanted to find their friendsBthey want
39、ed to drink waterCthe grass there was sweet and greenDhe wanted to play with his brother there21From the passage we can know that _.Athe goats were all hungryBthe monster ate the biggest goatCthe smallest goat was clever (聪明的)Dthe monster ate the smallest goat22Whats the best title (标题) of the passa
40、ge?_AGoats and a monsterBGoats and grassCA monster and a bridgeDA monster and grass【答案】20C21C22A【分析】一群山羊住在一片田地里，田地附近有一座桥，但这群山羊不敢过桥，因为桥下有一个怪物，最后山羊打败了这个怪物过了桥。【解析】20细节理解题。根据“Why dont we go across to the other side of the river and eat the sweet green grass?”可知，山羊想去河对岸吃甜美的绿草，故选C。21推理判断题。根据“Oh, no, pleas
41、e dont do that. said the smallest goat. Wait for my brother. He is coming this way. Hes fatter than me.”可知，最小的山羊想出了缓兵之计，所以他很聪明，故选C。22最佳标题题。本文讲述山羊和怪物的故事，选项A“山羊和怪物”符合主题，故选A。题组B 培优拔尖练23We ordered two dishes, but _ was as delicious as we expected.Ano oneBbothCeitherDneither【答案】D【详解】句意：我们点了两道菜，但都没有我们想象的那
42、么好吃。考查代词辨析。no one没有人；both两者都；either两者之一；neither两者都不。根据“We ordered two dishes, but.”可知，前后句意转折，点了两道菜，但是都不喜欢，故选D。24Keep calm and carry on with your life. If you cant forgive him, you can just end your relationship.Acarrying outBgo onCcontinueDput an end to【答案】C【详解】句意：保持冷静，继续你的生活。如果你不能原谅他，你可以结束你们的关系。考查动
43、词以及动词短语辨析。carrying out执行；go on继续；continue继续；put an end to结束。原句划线部分是一个动词原形，排除A选项。carry on表示“继续”，排除D选项，go on with意为“继续做原来没有做完的事情”，与句意不符，排除B选项。continue “表示继续维持某一情况时，其后可直接跟名词作宾语，也可先接介词with 再接宾语。”，符合句意，故选C。25He doesnt go to sleep _ he finishes his homework.AbeforeBafterCuntilDwhen【答案】C【详解】句意：他直到做完作业才去睡觉。
44、考查连词辨析。before在之前；after在之后；until直到；when当时。根据“He doesnt go to sleep he finishes his homework”可知，此处用notuntil表示“直到才”，故选C。26Maria didnt give up smoking _ she had a bad cough. She is much better now.AwhetherBbecauseCuntilDafter【答案】C【详解】句意：玛丽亚直到咳嗽得厉害才戒烟。她现在好多了。考查连词。whether是否；because因为；until直到；after在之后；根据“M
45、aria didnt give up smoking.she had a bad cough.”可知，此处是not.until“直到才”的结构，故选C。27You dont look well. Whats wrong with you, Wang Jing? Last night I did my homework and didnt go to bed _ 12 oclock.AwhenBuntilCandDif【答案】B【详解】句意：你看起来不太好。王静，你怎么了？昨晚我做作业了，直到12点才上床睡觉。考查连词辨析。When当的时候；until直到，直到为止；and和，并且，表示并列关系；if如果。not until“直到才”，until后面加时间点或者从句，固定短语，结合句意及结构，故选B。