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1、第六讲非谓语动词非谓语动词作定语和状语的用法是选择题，语法填空的常考点，从形式上看，主耍考查动词 不定式的一般式，现在分词的一般式和过去分词；非谓语动词作状语的考查频率相对更高。 非谓语动词分类：动词不定式 动名词 现在分词 过去分词非谓语动词备考：非谓语动词作状语、定语、宾语、宾补、主语和表语非谓语动词的形式及句法功能作状语非渭语动词非渭语动词的核心考点作定语作宾语补足语作宾语作主语及表语独立主格结构4高频轰点突破常见搭配：动词不定式to dowant, would like, decide, plan, hope, wish, need, agree, learn, manage, pre
2、tend, offer, choose, promise, warn, ask, allow, order, encourage, invite, remind, advise.动名词doingenjoy, finish, imagine, keep, practice, mind, avoid, admit, consider, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant help, look forward to, be used to, pay attention to.动词原形do情态动词+ domake/ let/ help/ why not/ why do
3、nt you/ had better/ would rather + do常见考点：L动名词做主语（谓语动词用单数）Skating is very interesting. Skating 做主语。2 .动名词做宾语/介宾/定语/表语。3 .动词不定式做主语/表语/宾语/宾补/状语（目的状语）.4 .特殊疑问词+动词不定式.Eg: what to do/ how to do sth.重难点：（培优选讲）L分词：动词过去分词done：表被动关系动词现在分词doing:表主动关系考点1动词不定式1 .动词不定式的构成动词不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以省略t。,这里的to是不定式符号，
4、本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。2 .动词不定式的基本用法用法说明例句作 宾 语 补 足 语To go to sleep early and get up early is a good habit.I cant afford to buy a digital camera at the moment.I find it easy to read English every day.I would rather stay in the room.My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.I o
5、ften hear Li Ming sing in the next room.You must help me(to)do my homework this afternoon.动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主To learn English well is useful.语放在句末，避免句子头重脚轻=It is useful to learn English well.如果要说明不定式表示的动作的执行者,可以在不定式It is good for you to go out for a walk.前加一个 for 短语。其结构为 It+be+adj.+for sb.+to
6、 do sth.在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词(如kind,good,nice,wise,clever,polite 等)作表语时，不定式之前 Its not polite of him to speak to old people 可以加一个。f短语，用来说明动作的执行者。其结构为Hke that.It+be+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列时，第一个不定式带 to,后面的不定式通常省略to不定式用在及物动词后作宾语，常见的这类及物动词有begin,choose,continue,decide,expect,fail,forget,hate,h
7、elp,ho pe,learn,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,pretend,promis e,refuse,try,afford,agree,start,like 等在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而 将真正的宾语放在后面在某些句型中，不定式中的to常被省略，如Why not do.?Why dont you do.had better do.,.would rather do.,CouldAVould/Will you please do.?常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有 want,ask,tell,allow,get,
8、would like,advise,encourage 等一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定 式要省略to。这些动词有一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen to)、 三让(let,make,have)、四看(look at,see,watch,notice)。但变 成被动语态时必须加上to动词help后面的不定式，可以带to,也可以不带to作状语作表语和疑问词连用作定语的不定式,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后 如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，且与它所修饰的词 构成逻辑上的被动关系，则作定语的不定式要加上相应 的介词;但是，当不定式修饰的名词是time,place或way
9、时, 不定式后面习惯上要省略介词不定式修饰something,anything,nothing时,放在它们的后 面，如果something,anything,nothing有形容词修饰，词序 是:something/anything/nothing+形容词+不定式 不定式经常作目的状语，可位于句首或句末和某些形容词连用构成“be+形容词+不定式”结构，作原 因状语作程度或结果状语时，常与enough（表示肯定）或too（表示 否定）连用表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等,通常对连系动词前面 的名词进行解释说明不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用，在 句中作主语、
10、宾语、表语等I have some clothes to wash.He is looking for a room to live in.We have a lot of things to talk about.My grandma had no place to live(in)in the old days.I had something cold to drink.To be a good student,one must study hard.We are sorry to trouble you.He is old enough to go to school.He is too
11、 young to go to school.His wish is to become a doctor.He didnt know where to go.=He didnt know where he should go.题组训练根据提示完成句子 I hope (find)a good job in a foreign company after I graduate from school.He found it hard (catch up with)his classmates.Father asks me (not play)computer games before finis
12、hing my homework.AH the children like Mr. White very much because he often makes them (laugh).()Let him (have)a rest.I think he must be tired after the long walk.We have two rooms (live)in,but I cant decide which one (choose).考点2动名词一、动名词L动名词的构成动名词由“动词原形+-ing”构成，它具有名词的性质，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语和 定语，同时又保留了动词的
13、性质，可以有自己的宾语和状语。2 .动名词的基本用法用法说明例句作主语 动名词在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数。有时可用it Swimming is good for our health.作形式主语常用作真正主语的动名词放在句末Its interesting playing withchildren.动词enjoy,practice,finish,mind,miss,keep,suggest,imagine,conHer sister practices speaking English every day.sider等后面接动名词作宾语作宾语某些由介词构成的短语动词，如be interest
14、ed in,be proudWe are proud of being Chinese.of,be worth,be used to,feel like,give up,think of,take partWe are used to living in this city.in等之后也接动名词作宾语作定语 通常位于名词前They found another hiding place.作表语 表示主语具有抽象名词特性Seeing is believing.注意:英语中有一些词或短语后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆:完成练习值得忙(finish,practice,be worth,
15、be busy)继续习惯别放弃(ke叩on,be used to,give up)考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,cant help,feel like)喜欢思念耍介意(enj oy,miss,mind)下列短语中的to为介词，后面应加动名词作宾语。make contributions to.为做贡献devote oneself to.致力于look forward to期盼prefer.。比起更喜欢need,require,want后接动名词等于接不定式的被动式。The flowers need watering.=The flowers need to be watere
16、d.二.知识拓展动词后接不定式与动名词的区别stoptodost/i.停下来去做某事Istopdo出gst/i .停止做某事Stop to think about it for a moment,停下来想一下这件事。Stop talking,please.请停止说话。fremembertodosth.记住要做某事(动作未发生) Irememberdoingsth .记得曾做过某事(动作已发生)Please remember to post my letter.请记得把我的信寄走。I remember posting your letter.我记得把你的信寄出去了。fforgettodosth.
17、忘记做某事(动作未发生)Iforgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事(动作已发生)I forgot to bring my homework.我忘记带作业了。I forgot bringing my homework.我忘记已经把作业带来了。ftrytodosth.努力去做某事（trydoingsth.试着做某事Please try to do better next time.请下次设法做得更好些。He tried speaking English to us,他试着用英语和我们谈话。（goontodosth .（做完一件事后）接着去做另外一件事.Igoondoingsth.不停地做某事Go
18、 on to do the other exercises after you finish this one.做完这个练习题后，接着做其他的。He said nothing but just went on working.他什么都不说只是不停地干活。fallowsb. todosth.允许某人做某事lallowdoingsth.允许做某事We dont allow students to go out.我们不允许学生夕卜出。We dont allow smoking here.我们不允许在这里吸烟。regrettodosth.对要做某事感到遗憾（未做）Iregretdoingsth .对做
19、过某事感到后悔（已做）I regret to have to do this,but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样做，但是我没有选择。I dont regret telling her what I thought.我不后悔告诉了她我的想法。meantodosth,打算/想做某事 meandoingsth.意味着做某事I meant to go,but my father would not allow me to.我想去，但我父亲不肯让我去。Doing that means wasting time.那样做意味着浪费时间。考点3分词1 .分词的构成分词分为现在分词和过去
20、分词两种。现在分词由“动词原形+-ing”构成;过去分词的基本形式 是“动词原形+-ed”,但也有不规则的形式。现在分词有主动、进行之意。过去分词有被动、完 成之意。2 ,分词的基本用法用法例句说明作定语作Do you know the girl standing under the tree?你认 识正站在树下面的那个女孩吗？Please hand in your written exercises.请交上你们 的书面练习。The students went out of the classroom,talking and现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语是它所修饰的 词;过去分词作定语,其逻辑宾语
21、是它所修 饰的词现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语为句子的主状语作表语作补语laughing.学生们谈笑着走出了教室。The book was rather boring.这本书相当枯燥乏味。The boy is too frightened to move.这个男孩太害怕 了，以至于不能动了。Dont keep us waiting for a long time.不要让我彳门 等得太久。Hell have his hair cut after school.放学后他要去 理发。语现在分词表示主语的性质、特征，过去分词 表示某种状态现在分词作宾语补足语，宾语是它的逻辑主 语;过去分词作宾语补足语,
22、宾语是它的逻 辑宾语3 .现在分词和过去分词的区别 在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。如：a moving film 一部感人的电影the moved people被感动的人们在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。如： developing countries 发展 中国家developed countries 发达国家4 .现在分词作宾补与不定式作宾补的区别我们常见的动词如see,watch,notice,hear等,接不带to的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或经 常性的动作;接现在分词作宾补，表示正在进行的动作。如：I heard him s
23、inging in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”这个动作正在进行)I heard him sing in the classroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已经结束)I saw him going up the stairs.我看见他正在上楼。(上楼”这个动作正在进行)I saw him go up the stairs.我看见他上楼了。(“上楼”这个动作已经完成)5 .have sb.do sth.,have sb./sth.doing sth.和 have sth.done 的区另U(l)have sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事”,
24、have可以用let或make代替。不定式往往表示一次性 的具体动作,且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。如：The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。 (2)have sb./sth.doing sth.意为“让某人/物一直做某事。have可以用keep代替，现在分词(doing) 所表示的动作往往具有持续进行的含义。如：The two men had their lights burning all night long.那两个男人让灯通宵亮着。(3)have sth.done意为“让别
25、人做某事，即ask sb.else to do sth.,过去分词(done)所表示的动作由 他人(非主语本身)来完成。如：The driver had his car washed once a week.这个司机一周让人洗一次车。随堂练习1 .For Japanese, eating out was their favourite activity in their free time. And they also like (驾驶)around.2 .(They plan (walk) around the whole Britain, singing for dinner and sl
26、eeping anywhere like fields.3 .There are fewer plants and animals there, and its more difficult for people (live).4 .He used his $500 prize (collect) 619 toys for a local childrens hospital.5 .Actually, she hated it so she was always refusing (use) it.6 .Jack enjoys(游泳)and sunbathing with his friend
27、s.7 .Dont get on the bus before (清点)the total number of your team members.8 .Mom gave us a big smile and told us (sit)down for the breakfast.9 .They look forward to (spend)time there with friends.10 .So, does Beth enjoy (be)famous now?11 .It can help you keep your weight under control and (赢)self-co
28、nfidence at the same time.12.1 cant wait (see) the Alhambra Palace and other places of interest.13.The hen agreed (do) so, and the eagle flew away.14.Before that, pubs were filled with smoke which made you cough and made your hair and clothes (发出气味).15 .He is thinking about how(spend)his money durin
29、g the winter vacation.16 .Grandpa Amu uses the same skill (make) some toys for his grandson.17 .Grandpa Amu is good at (build) things by hand.18 .Mrs. Brown had to prevent her father from (吸烟)because of his illness.19 .The ink stick is the pigment(颜料)used in writing and (绘画).20 .After the games, Zho
30、ng Nanshan decided (继续)his study.21 .From now on, I want you (think) about the big picture more often.22 .Passengers who are willing to obey the rules can choose the quiet carriages when (book) their tickets online.23 .When facing difficult situations, people are encouraged (hold) on by the effect o
31、f bamboo culture.24 .Papermaking technology was improved day by day, and more and more kinds of paper were developed (提供)different using choices.25 .After e him, the doctor told him that there was nothing serious.1 .Hearing the funny story, all the students began to 1 loudly.2.In survival camps at B
32、OSS, students dont just practise camping, hiking or (骑)horses.1.1 cant wait (see) the Alhambra Palace and other places of interest.4 .Anna opened her arms, just in time (stop) the ball as it was going to fall into the river.5 .The hen agreed (do) so, and the eagle flew away.6 .After (停放)his car, he
33、goes straight to take the plane.7 .The robot teachers are used (help)improve learning.8.Before that, pubs were filled with smoke which made you cough and made your hair and clothes (发出气味).9 .He is thinking about how(spend)his money during winter vacation.10 .Savannah decided(keep)making cards. For t
34、he next seven months, she woke up early to paint and color and cut.11 .Yesterday my Italian friend invited me(watch)the free street shows.12 .The boys are taken to small house(叫作)the Crocodile Nest.13 .(David told him that no one was home, and John asked him(stay)in his house.14 . We just wanted(get
35、)some fresh air and a break from schoolwork.15 .We really had a great time(ride)along country roads.16 .Just do your best(meet)every challenge. YouDll neverimagine how much you will get.1 .一We are now busy g for the Senior High School Entrance Examination.一I see. Just take it easy.2 .People come her
36、e from all over the world (see)a special chain of rocks in the sea on the east side of the country.1.1 spent 24 hours a week (develop) my skills. So I was rewarded with the first place medals in nearly every competition.1.2 t is true that everyones dream is worth (坚持)to.1.3 t was enjoyable (拜访，游览)so
37、me places of interest!6 .Most kids like to go s with families in the mall on Sunday, but Jennifer thought differently.7 .Luke,you have kept my storybook for two weeks. Would you mind r it to me right now?8 .(prevent)animals from becoming homeless, pet owners should take good care of their pets.9 .Pete is a big fan of toy buses. He started (U攵集)toy buses when he was seven.10 .Hes too heavy for me (lift) him up.11 .Youd better give up (吸烟)too as it may start a fire.12.It always reminds me (think)about others feelings.13.Toms father is an artist and he spends most of his time d pictures.