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1、第一课时名词、冠词1 .名词名词是历年中考的重要考点，常常出现在完形填空、语法填空题型中。名词部分主要考查:名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数) 名词和冠词的搭配抽象名词的具体化名词的词性变化名词的词义辨析C高频考点突破考点1名词的数1 .可数名词的复数(1)规则变化情况方法例词一般情况加一sstudents, teachers, doctors, tables以 s, x, ch, sh结尾加一esglasses, dishes, boxes, watches,但stomach复数形式直接加s,即stomachs以辅音字母 +y结尾变y为i 再加一esfamilies, babies, ar
2、mies, bodies以元音字母 +y结尾加一sboys, toys以f或fe 结尾多变f或fe 为v,再加一esthieves, wives, knives, shelves, lives少数加一Sbeliefs, proofs, roofs, chiefs以。结尾通制）口 Sradios, videos, zoos, tobaccos有的加一esheroes, potatoes, tomatoes【名师指津】以一o结尾的下列名词要加一es：“黑人英雄爱吃土豆、西红柿，即Negroes,heroes, potatoes,tomatoes o以一f或一fe结尾的名词需要把f或fe去掉，加一v
3、es：“为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子 手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半，即selves, lives, thieves, wives, knives, leaves, shelves, wolves, halveso不规则变化自身变化 的名词child 孩子一children, man 男人men, tooth 牙teeth, foot 脚;英尺 一 feet, mouse 老鼠一mice, phenomenon 现象一phenomena, medium 传播媒介一 media单复数同 形名词Chinese 中国人；sheep 绵羊;deer 鹿；series 系列；means 方式
4、；works 工厂；fish鱼；fruit水果等。其中fish, fruit表示种类时，可加复数 词尾，即 fishes, fruits合成名词son in law一sonsin law, passer-by一passers-by, story tellerstorytellersEvery possible means has been tried, but none has worked.每一种可能的方式都已经被尝试了, 但是没有起作用的。考点2名词所有格1 .一s所有格：and连接的并列名词表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加一s 或；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加一七
5、或，表示店铺、办公室或某 人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。Tom,s and Jims rooms汤姆和吉姆（各自）的房间Tom and Jims room汤姆和吉姆（共同）的房间at the barbers 在理发店2 . of所有格：无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰 的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。the content of the novel 小说的内容the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字3 .双重所有格：“名词+of+名词所有格”或“名词+of+名词性物主代词”。a play of Shake
6、speare莎士比亚的一个戏剧a photo of mine我的一张照片随堂练习考点1名词辨析一、填空题1.1 bought a silk t to match dads suit last week.2 .Yesterday it snowed so heavily that my car was out of c and hit a tree by the road.3 .Jennifer takes a lot of exercise every day and she is always full of e（精力）.4 .一Whats the result of your （discu
7、ss）?一Id like to hear your opinions.5 .The w in spring can change very quickly, sometimes terribly cold and sometimes verywarm.6 .He always makes many e for being late for school.7 .（口十子）fall off the trees in the autumn.8 . Our English teacher gave us a brief（介绍）to the subject in class.9 .Sophia work
8、s all day without a b. ItDs better for her to slow down.10.They had an （agree）never to talk about work at home.11 .They saw a group of（child） playing on one side of the mountains.二、单项选择l.Be sure to read the carefully first before you take the medicine.A.noticeB.introductionsConstructionsD.instrument
9、s2 .The doctor said/The is a big success. She will be OK soon though she is very weak now.A.speechB.operationC.warD. match3 .一May I have your that you wont tell anybody about this?一No problem. Til keep the secret.A.attentionB.adviceC.orderD.promise4 .The of this trees leaves turns purple when others
10、 change theirs from green to yellow.A.sizeB.shapeC.colorD.style5 .Tony always likes . He is in the school tennis team and plays very well.A.musicB. sportC.artD.computer考点2名词复数一、填空题1 .Picture 1 is different from Picture 2. There are a few d between them.2 .Chinese people have celebrated the Dragon Bo
11、at Festival for （世纪）.3 .The persons that you invite to your house are called g.4.1 cut the apple into g and gave them to my parents and two cousins.5.Linda enjoys dancing. Its one of her h.考点3、名词所有格一.用所给单词的正确形式填空Ive got a toothache, so I need to go to the (dentist).Its not far from here. Its only fi
12、ve (rninute)walk.Yesterday I met a friend of my (father).(mother)Day is on the second Sunday of May every year.5.The wallpaper with cartoon patterns is ideal for my(son) room.6.1n 1920, the (world) first three-color traffic light was put to use.随堂练习一、填空题1 .People dressed up as animals, monsters and
13、other creatures, and they told (story) through their acting.2 .The United Nations is an international organization, which is meant to encourage (country)to work together on different opinions without the use of war.3 .My favorite (发明)are Edison and Karl Benz.4 .These children work directly with arti
14、sts on a certain art (工程).5 .Children under 1.2 meters in (高度)take buses freely in this country.1.1 n China, you will find all kinds of ox figures made of gold, wood, (塑料),paper, and stone on sale in stores and on streets to celebrate the return.7 .Her 18-year professional career ended on (二月)3rd, 2
15、018.8 .Games and interesting (activity)are necessary for the occasion and enthusiasts have shared many new ideas to make the celebration more interesting.1.1 n summer, we have two m holiday. It is in July and August.10 .For your s, please wait behind the yellow line when the subway train comes.11 .Y
16、ears of physical exercise has made Zhong Nanshan in good (健康状况).121m really glad to receive your(邀请).冠词冠词是中考考必考热点，以考查冠词在具体语境中的正确使用为主，把冠词结合名词一起考查。冠词的泛指、特指在形容词和副词比较级前的用法固定搭配a/an+单数名词a/an+单数名词the+单数名词A horse is enough.表数量a=oneA horse is a large four-legged animal. 强调类别中任何一个的特点I think the most useful an
17、imal is the horse.强调整个类别零冠词+复数名词或不可数名词Horses are useful animals.(强调类别中的许多个体)Music can bring people pleasure.特指中总单数名词/复数名词/不可数丽会高频考点突破考点1冠词的分类和基本用法冠词分为不定冠词(a/an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词(不用冠词)。冠词的泛指和特指泛指是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物，也可以指说 话双方心目中所默认的特定的人或事物。注意:判断一个词前用a还是an,是根据其读音，而不是根据其字母。我们可以这样记忆:不 见元音不加an,不看
18、字母看发音。在26个字母中,前面用an的字母有坦加上5中,0,0氏其他用a。要注意区别以“u开头的单词:当u”发/a/音时前用an,如:an umbrella,an unusual story,an unhappy boy;当u发/ju：/音时前用 a,$D:a university,a useful booko一 .用冠词a或an填空hour European country sorange unusual storyisland ()new bike e-mail important invention 11. useful book122 NBA player I3.eight-year
19、-old girl 14.honest person二 .1. Ed went to study art in Paris and became artist.2 .Your best friend is telling you joke, but you can*t catch it!3 .And my father is engineer. He is busy every day, but he tries to spend more time with4 .But fish live in very different world from us.5.Li Wen lives with
20、 his grandparents in the countryside. He is 14-year-old boy.6.1t was first developed in China as wushu, but its becoming one of most popular sportsaround the world.7.But with social-distancing（社交总巨离）rules in United States, many summer camps face difficult decisions.8.For first time in his life, Mr H
21、appy lost his smile.9.1 took him to computer in my room and said,Right here.lO.Some had practiced with private chess teachers, but Tani had practiced on floor of the homeless shelter alone.考点2冠词的常见搭配1 .下列情况用零冠词不可数名词和复数名词表泛指时Animals cant live without water.Horses are helpful animals.某些专有名词（如人名、地名、国家名
22、等）、物质名 词和抽象名词表示泛指时China is a great country.Mary lives in New York. Paper is made from wood.名词刖已有才旨不代词、形容词性物主代词、不定代 词或名词所有格等修饰时Every student likes English in our class.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前This is Professor Li.在三餐、球类运动及学科名词之前I went to school without breakfast this morning. He often plays football after schoo
23、l.由“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街名、路名、 山名等的词前Nanjing RoadHainan Island与by连用的交通工具名称前by car,by train在节假日名称前New Years Day,Womens Day2.在某些固定词组和习惯用语中用零冠词。如：day after day 一天天地;face to face 面对面地;side by side 肩并肩地;hand in hand 手拉 手;from beginning to end 自始至终;day and night 日 日 夜夜;sooner or later 迟早;husband and wife 夫妻;at
24、 home 在家;by mistake 错误地;at first 起初;at last 最后;at once 立刻;at noon 在中 午;at work 在工作;on time 准时;in surprise 惊奇地;at night 在晚上;on foot 步行;on business 因 公出差；on holiday 在度假；in class在课上；go home回家;for example例如；go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing 去买东西/游泳/戈U船/钓鱼二.知识拓展有定冠词和无定冠词的区别fgotoschool去上学（是学生）（Igotothe
25、school到学校去（不一定是学生）fattable在吃饭latthetable在桌子旁fatschool在上学（lattheschool 在学校里（inclass在上课（4）（intheclass在班级里jinfrontof在（外部的）前面inthefrontof在（内部的）前面bysea 乘船Ibythesea在海边pnprison在坐牢lintheprison在监狱（不一定是犯人）“Jbyday在白天Lbytheday按天计算随堂练习一、填空题1.1 was very glad to see my mother and sister sitting in second row.2 . A
26、lso, I really want to try the food there-especially gazpacho, kind of cold soup which I hear is special, very different from anything else in Spain.3 .Some had practiced with private chess teachers, but Tani had practiced on floor of the homeless shelter alone.4 .Anna took the ball and then had try.
27、 The boys watched in surprise as the ball went straight into the basket.5 Joseph has written book called Facing the Lion. In the book, he talks about his childhood.6 .Florence was unusual young woman for her time, because she didnt want to go to parties and get married.7 .He plans to buy computer wi
28、th his money but he also wants to go skating with hisfriends.8 .There is ancient castle（城堡）and were going there next week.9 .The United Nations is international organization, which is meant to encourage countries to work together on different opinions without the use of war.10 .David decided to go h
29、ome alone on foot, and it took him about half hour.二、单项选择11 一Peter, shall we go for a picnic this Sunday?一OK. Lets add it to weekend plan.A.aB.anC.the D./12 一Will you go to school-leavers party tomorrow?-Certainly. Tm going with my parents.A.aB.anC.the D./13 一This photo makes me think of trip to the Great Wall last year.一Yeah, we had a great time there.A.aB.anC.the D./