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1、第五讲 谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致动词时态历来是中考考查的重点。动词时态考查虽多，但考向非常集中，最常考的是一般 过去时和一般现在时，其次是现在完成时，其他时态考查相对较少。因此备考重点是： 动词时态的基本用法动词语态的基本用法主谓一致时态一般时态进行时态完成时态【时态、语态和主渭一切将来时态一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 将来进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 现在完成进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时陪态被动语态的构成主动形式表被动意义会高频考点突破考点1动词的时态动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)现在时过去时将来时f时do/doesdidshall/will do be g
2、oing to do进行时am/is/are doingwas/were doing完成时have/has donehad done1 .一般时态(1) 一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。We have meals three times a day.我们一日 吃三餐。表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象。1,由either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also连接并列主语时,谓语动词要与靠近它的主语 一致。Neither Tom nor I like this film.Tom 和我都不喜欢这个电影。2.在there be
3、或here be句型中，如果有并列的名词作主语，谓语动词要与靠近它的主语一致。There is a girl and four boys in the room.房间里有一个女孩儿和四个男孩儿。There are four boys and a girl in the room房间里有四个男孩儿和一个女孩儿。题组训练用所给词的适当形式填空1 .Not only students but also their teacher(object)to the plan.2 .There(be)some Chinese and three Americans in the travelling team
4、.3 .Here(be)a letter and two books for you.【答案】随堂练习一、填空题1 .Fm very hungry. I havent e anything since 7:00 this morning.【答案】eaten句意:我很饿。我从早上七点到现在没有吃任何东西。本句为现在完成时 态，故本空应填动词的过去分词形式，再结合句意可知本空填eaten。2 .We can see clearly that Mongolia （位于）between China and Russia on the map.【答案】lies句意:我们在地图上可以清楚地看到蒙古位于中国
5、和俄罗斯之间。本题考查动 词的时态。3 .People from all over Turkey are （送）their old books to the library.【答案】sending句意:来自土耳其各地的人们把他们的旧书送到图书馆来。本题考查动词 的现在进行时。4 .The temperature will （上升）quickly during this period.【答案】rise句意:温度在此期间将上升很快。本题考查动词的一般将来时。5 .After a long day, Tom 1 down on the bed and went to sleep.【答案】lay本题考
6、查动词时态。句意:漫长的一天后,Tom在床上躺下,然后睡着了。6 .Sorry, Ive fyour phone number. Could you please tell me again?【答案】forgotten句意:对不起，我忘记了你的电话号码，你能再告诉我一遍吗？7 .一Who is （敲）at the door?一Maybe its the postman.【答案】knocking句意:谁在敲门?可能是邮递员。本题考查动词的时态。8 .Now Joseph （do）a project, hoping that it will help children face their own
7、 “lions”.【答案】is doing句意:现在Joseph在做一个项目，希望它能帮助孩子们面对他们自己的 “狮子”。9 .He(save)up about 300 dollars already.【答案】has saved句意:他已经存了大约300美元了。本题考查动词的时态。由already可 知应用现在完成时。lO.Billy was(kick)a ball around the yard while his mom was cooking in the kitchen.【答案】kicking句意:当Billy的妈妈在厨房做饭的时候，他在院子里踢球。本题考查动词的 时态。此处的两个动作
8、同时进行。1.1 1(send)you some photos of Edinburgh Castle next time.【答案】will send/am going to send 句意:下一次我会寄给你一些Edinburgh Castle的照片。 关键词next time提示应用一般将来时。12 .When I told him running for president would be much work, he(promise)that he would help me.【答案】promised句意:当我告诉他竞选主席需要大量的工作，他承诺说他会帮助我。通过 从句的told可知,本
9、句是一般过去时。13 .Linda stayed up late and 2 herself for the math exam last night.【答案】prepared句意:昨夜Linda熬夜到很晚，为她的数学考试做准备。本题考查动词的时 态。由last night可知要用一般过去时。14 .Two hours later, when Davids mother got back, he(play)games with John.【答案】was playing句意:两个小时后，当David的妈妈回来的时候，他正在和John玩游戏。 本题考查动词的时态。when引导的时间状语从句为一般过
10、去时，根据句意可知,设空处应为过 去进行时。15 .This spring my elder brother and I(spend) a long weekend cycling in the countryside.【答案】spent句意:今年春天我和我哥哥在农村骑车度过了一个长长的周末。本题考查动 词。由This spring可知，使用一般过去时。一、填空题16 The movie The Wandering Earth was 2 by most people when it first came out.【答案】praised句意:电影流浪地球上映后受到大多数人的赞扬。本题考查动词的
11、语 态。设空处和主语the movie是被动关系,因此使用被动语态。1 .1 (选择)as a team leader to make sure every student spoke English only.【答案】waschosen句意:我被选为领队以确保每个学生只能讲英语。本题考查动词的被动 语态。3Huaweis newest phone, the Mate X, can be (折叠).【答案】folded句意:华为的最新款手机,Mate X,可以被折叠起来。本题考查动词的被动语/Cjo4 .The problems we face were m in his speech, bu
12、t he didnt come up with ways to solve them.【答案】mentioned句意:我们所面对的问题在他的演讲中提到了,但他没有想出解决的办法。 本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。5 .AI1 the tickets were s out, so Tom went away disappointedly.【答案】sold句意:所有的票都被卖光了，因此Tom失望地离开了。本题考查一般过去时的 被动语态。设空处的动词与主语All the tickets是被动关系。由went away可知是一般过去口寸 的被动语态。6 .Nobody will be p in the
13、accident because all happened by accident.【答案】punished句意:因为所有的事情都是偶然发生的，因此没有人在此事故中会受到惩 罚。本题考查一般将来时的被动语态。设空处的动词punish与主语nobody是被动关系。由 will be可知是一般将来时的被动语态。7 .1n the traffic accident, one man was k and another was badly injured.【答案】killed句意:在这次交通事故中，一人死亡,另有一人严重受伤。本题考查一般过去 时的被动语态。设空处的动词kill与主语one man是被
14、动关系。由was badly injured可知是 一般过去时的被动语态。1.1 think this working plan should （discuss）for a second time at the meeting.【答案】be discussed句意:我认为这个工作计划应该在会议上第二次讨论。本题考查含 有情态动词的被动语态。9 .When someone, especially a child, is （教育）,he or she is taught at school or college.【答案】educated本题考查一般现在时的被动语态。设空处的动词educate与主语
15、someone 是被动关系。由is taught可知是一般现在时的被动语态。10 .Users of this app will be （鼓励）to take different routes in order to earn more points.【答案】encouraged句意:这个软件的使用者会被鼓励走不同的路线，为的是赚更多的积分。1. 一Why are you late, Jim?一Because there a lot of traffic when I came here.A. isB. areC. wasD. were【答案】c【解析】考查主谓一致。由后面的“when I c
16、ame her已可以确定主句用一般过去时态；there be 句子的主语是traffic为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式，故本题答案为C。1.1. Hehis classmates.A. get along well with B. get well with C. is getting along well with D. is get well with【答案】C【解析】考查主谓一致。本题用排除法先排除不合适的选项。句子主语是he,后面的动词 如果是一般现在时态要用第三人称单数，先排除A、B两项；D项中is和get不能这样写在 一起也排除，故答案为C。3. In order to eat
17、safely, I think we make some food by ourselves instead of buying some.A. used toB. prefer to C. had betterD. are supposed to【答案】C【解析】考查短语辩词。句意为：为了吃的安全，我想我们最好不要买而是自己做食品。used to习惯于；prefer to“更喜欢”；had better“最好”；are supposed to应该”，结合句意选择C。4. There a football match and a concert this weekend. Which one
18、would you like to go?A. isB. areC. will beD. will have【答案】c【解析】考查there be结构。由时间状语this weekend和which one would you like to go?可知， 句子要用一般将来时态；这是个there be结构的句型，故选C。5. Each of the club members ready to help those who were in trouble.A. isB. areC. wasD. were【答案】c【解析】考查主谓一致。“each of+名词”作主语谓语动词用单数;后面句子who
19、were in trouble 中谓语用一般过去时态，前面空格上也要用一般过去时，故本题答案为C。6. David, therea dictionary and some books on your desk. Please put them away.A. isB. areC. have【答案】A【解析】考查there be结构。There be结构通常用就近原则。因最近的主语是a dictionary, 因此谓语动词用iso7. Lady Gaga is famous her beautiful voice.A. asB. withC. for【答案】c【解析】考查短语搭配。be famo
20、us for为固定短语，意为“以出名工8. Thanks to the organization, some money given to the poor children.A. wasB. wereC. are【答案】A【解析】考查主谓搭配。句子中some money作主语且为不可数名词，谓语动词要用单数。 故选Ao9.1. A woman with two children along the street at the moment.A. is walkingB. are walkingC. walkD. walks【答案】A【解析】考查主谓一致。句子的主语是a woman,谓语动词用
21、单数，结合at the momen俨此 刻”，句子要用现在进行时，故选A。10. Yao Ming is famous playing basketball,A, toB. asC. forD. between【答案】c【解析】考查短语搭配。be famous for为固定短语，意为“以.出名”。四.语法填空My best friend Kaiya is like me.She 1.(remind) me of myself.In the past, I 2. (be)never confident because of my appearance.People always laughed
22、at my weight, my height, my hairstyle, etc.At that time, I was the shortest student in my class.I started getting depressed.However, someone told me something that I will always remember.It was in March.Surrounded by a group of girls who 3. (point) at me and laughed at me, I couldnt help crying.The
23、tears rolled down my face like a rushing river.To my surprise, someone lifted my head up and wiped the tears from my eyes.I then knew it was our English teacher, Miss Li.She said, “you 4.(be) perfect the way you are.You should never change or hate yourself.People 5.(accept)you for who you 6.(be). Bu
24、t if you cannot accept yourself, then how will other people accept you ? I 7. (inspire)by her words.Over the past few months , I 8.(learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws.Now I have wonderful friends who 9.(love)me for who I am.Now, seeing Kaiya cry, I decide to tell her the same t
25、hing Miss Li 10.(tell)me. 【语篇解读】英语老师的鼓励让我充满自信。我决定把她的方法用来帮助我的好友。【答案】1.reminds根据第一句的时态可推知，本空应该用一般现在时，又因为主语为She, 故答案为remindso2. was根据语境中的In the past可知，设空处用一般过去时，故答案为was。3. pointed 根据后面的laughed可知，设空处为pointedo4. are本句为直接引语，故用一般现在时。5. will accept 结合下文的 then how will other people accept you 可知，答案为 will acc
26、epto 6. are由上下文语境可知，应填are。7. was inspired设空处表示过去的事情且主语与inspire为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被 动语态。8. have learned(learnt)根据前面的Over the past few months可知，设空处用现在完成时。9. love who 9.(love)me for who I am”为定语从句，先行词为friends且设空处说 的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时，故答案为love。10. told Miss Li 10.(tell)me”为定语从句，设空处表示过去的事情，故用一般过 去时。The sun sets i
27、n the west.太阳 从西方落下。在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Fil write to her when I have time.有时间我会写信给她。1 .Mike often （U攵集）stamps and plays basketball in his spare time.【答案】collects本题考查动词的时态。由and plays可知，此空为一般现在时，主语Mike为 第三人称单数，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。2 .And then it just （grow） and makes the world a better place.【答案】grow
28、s本题考查动词的时态。此处主语it为第三人称单数。由于and连接的前后 两个动词为并列关系，根据makes可知时态为一般现在时，故填growso3 .We can see clearly that Mongolia （位于）between China and Russia on the map.【答案】lies句意:我们在地图上可以清楚地看到蒙古位于中国和俄罗斯之间。本题考查动 词的时态。时态用一般现在时,Mongolia是第三人称单数,因此从句的谓语动词用第三人称单 数形式。4 .Mary is crazy about reading. She b a lot of books from t
29、he school library every time.【答案】borrows句意:Mary酷爱阅读。她每次都从学校图书馆借很多书。本题考查动词时 态和主谓一致。根据from the school library可确定是“借书又由Mary is crazy about可知本 句是一般现在时,且主语She是第三人称单数，故答案是borrowso（2）一般过去时表示过去发生的一次性或习惯性动作或状态。We often played basketball together.我们（过去）经常在一起打篮球。时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时。He said he wo
30、uld tell her the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。1 .While I was watching TV, the doorbell r.【答案】rang由While I was watching TV可知事情发生在过去，因此用一般过去时，答案是 rango2 .Luckily, he was discovered and picked up by a London-bound （开往伦敦的）ship. So he （land） in London by accident.【答案】landed 本题考查时态。根据was di
31、scovered and picked up可知事情发生在过去, 因此用一般过去时，故填landedo3 .Although I （上学，参加）a class last year, my Spanish is still terrible!【答案】attended句意:虽然我去年上了一门课，但我的西班牙语还是很糟糕!本题考查动词 的时态。根据时间状语last year可知设空处应用一般过去时。4 .And we never （忘记）the lunch or the dinner, though, which we all made together over campfires.【答案】for
32、got句意:不过我们从没有忘记午餐和晚餐，那是我们一起在篝火上做的。本题考 查动词的时态。made提示设空处用一般过去时。5 .After a long day, Tom 1 down on the bed and went to sleep.【答案】lay句意:漫长的一天后,Tom在床上躺下,然后睡着了。本题考查动词时态。通过 and和went可知，此处用一般过去时Jie(躺)的过去式是lay。6 .They didn*t like vegetables or fruits. They (更喜欢)to eat junk food.【答案】preferred句意:他们不喜欢蔬菜和水果,更喜欢吃
33、垃圾食品。本题考查动词和动词 时态。根据设空处提示词可知是动词prefer。根据前句中的didnt like可知是在讲述过去的 事情,应该使用一般过去时，故答案是preferredo2.进行时态现在进行时(am/i s/are+现在分词)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。He is working on a pape匚他在写一篇论文。表示位置转移的动词可用进行时代替将来时。这样的动词有go, come, start, leave, arrive, begin, return 等。Pm leaving for Beijing next month.我下个月
34、要去北京。(2)过去进行时(was/were+现在分词)过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态。He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.昨天这个时候他在读一本有趣的书。1 .The child (cry)over there. Whats wrong with him?【答案】is crying此题考查动词的时态。根据第二句句意“他怎么了?”可知，男孩应该正在 那边哭，故填is cryingo2 .He says that many summer camps (wait) for instructi
35、ons from the government now.【答案】are waiting句意:他说许多夏令营现在正在等待政府的指令。本题考查动词的时态。 结合句意及now可知，设空处应用现在进行时。3 .Parents send their kids to many after-school classes. They are always c them with other children.【答案】comparing句意:父母把孩子送到很多课外班补习。他们总是拿其他孩子跟自己的 孩子进行比较。本题考查动词和动词的时态。them指代前文提到的their kids;结合下文中with other
36、 children可知是将他们进行比较(compare);由设空处前are always可知这里用现在进行 时，故答案是comparing o4 .While we (eat)breakfast, Claudio went upstairs to collect his things.【答案】were eating本题考查动词的时态。关键词While提示了设空处为进行时态，由went 可知应该使用过去进行时。5 .一Its a pity that you missed the concert. What happened?-It heavily when I was about to leav
37、e. I had to wait until it stopped.A.rainsB.rainedC.was rainingD.has rained【答案】C句意:真遗憾你错过了那场音乐会。发生什么事了？我即将出发的时候, 正下着大雨。我不得不等到雨停。本题考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，雨“正在下”，故选C。3.将来时态(1)一般将来时“will/shall +动词原形”表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，即单纯的将来事实。I shall call you as soon as I arrive.我一到就给你打电话。They will probably go to Shanghai for thei
38、r holiday.他们可能去上海度假。一般将来时的常用结构,用于I expect, Vm sure, I think, I wonder十宾语从句”中用于“祈使句+ and+陈述句中与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用Dont worry about the exam.Fm sure youll pass.不要担心这次考试，我确信你会通过的。If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请他帮忙，他会帮助你的。表示一般将来时的特殊结构be going to do sth表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事。He is going to speak on TV thi
39、s evening.他今晚要在 电视上讲话。Look at the dark clouds.ltis going to rain.看这些乌云，要下雨了。When are you to leave/leaving for home?你什么时候回家？1 .Next year, they (make) a CD of their songs and start a charity.【答案】will make/are going to make 根据Next year可知是明年的计划，所以使用一般将 来时。主语是 they,故答案是 will make/are going to make。2.But
40、surely, people believe, his dream (come) true in the near future.【答案】will come本题考查动词的时态。根据时间状语in the near future可知用一般将来 时。4.现在完成时态(1)现在完成时(have/h as+过去分词)表示一个动作开始于过去，一直持续到现在(甚至到将来)。常与之连用的时间状语有lately, recently, in the last(past) few days/years, since then, up to now, so far 等。In the past few years, g
41、reat changes have taken place in my hometown.在过去的J L年里， 我的 家乡发生了巨大变化。表示过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果。常用的状语有：already, ever, just(刚刚)， yet 等。He has turned off the light.(=The light is off now.)他已经关掉灯 了。在“最高级+名词”或“It/This is+the+序数词+ time”之后的从句中谓语动词常用现在完成 时。This is the first time(that)! have come here.这是我第一次来这里。【
42、易混辨析】have gone to意为“去某地了、表示此人现在还在那里没有回来。have been to意为“去过某地”，表示此人已经回来了。He has gone to live abroad.彳也至U 国夕卜居住了。Have you ever been to Shanghai?你去过上海吗？一.根据汉语意思完成句子 Haveyou ever eaten fish and chips?你曾经吃过炸鱼薯条吗？(2)1 havejust lost my chemistry book.我刚刚丢了我的化学书。(3)1 have never been to that farm.我从来没去过那个农场。一
43、 Have you seen this film yet?一Yes,I have .你已经看过这部电影了吗？是，我看过了。1 have had this dictionaiy for 3 years.我已经买这本词典三年了。He has lived here since he moved to Shanghai.自从他搬到上海，他就住这儿了。7 .He(save)up about 300 dollars already.【答案】has saved句意:他已经存了大约300美元。本题考查动词的时态。由already可知 应用现在完成时。8 .The documentary A Plastic O
44、cean is so impressive that I it several times so far.A.watched B. watchC.have watched D.will watch【答案】C句意：塑料海洋这部纪录片如此令人震撼，以至于到现在为止我已经看了好 几遍了。本题考查现在完成时。根据时间状语so far及several times可知，此空应用现在完成 时。故选C。考点2动词的语态1 .被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数和句子时态的不同 而变化。现在过去将来一般is/am/are donewas/were donewill/
45、shall be done进行is/am/are being donewas/were being done完成have/has been donehad been done2 .主动形式表被动意义“系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste等+形容词/名词”构成系表结构。The steel feels cold.钢摸起来很凉。(2)动词need, require, want, be worth后加动词一ing形式的主动结构表被动意义。My watch cant work; it needs repairing.我的手表不能用 了，需要修了。l.If we dont
46、protect the environment well, well be (惩罚)sooner or later.【答案】punished本题考查被动语态。此处表被动，应用过去分词。2.They live in huts-little “houses”. These houses (make)of wood and grass.【答案】are made本题考查时态和语态。主语为复数;根据live可知,时态为一般现在时。be made of 由制成，故填 are made。1.1 t (invent) for people to see each other while talking onl
47、ine.【答案】is/was invented本题考查被动语态。分析句子结构可知，主语It和动词invent之 间为被动关系，即它被发明来供人们视频通话。4 .When he was little, he (influence) by his mother who was interested in literature.【答案】was influenced本题考查时态和语态。主句主语he和influence是被动关系，故用 被动语态。根据从句时态可知事情发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。5 .Alone and hungry, he walked on the streets of the city. Unexpectedly, he (call) into a big house.【答案】was called本题考查时态和语态。根据语境可知，他被叫进一所大房子，主语he和 call之间为被动关系，谓语应用被动语态，时态为一般过去时，故填was calledo6 .Mark Quinn hit upon the idea after st