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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Escape From the HolocaustA Reading AZ Level Z2 Leveled BookWord Count:2,290WritingImagine being one of the children saved by Nicholas Winton.Write a journal entry about your experience of leaving home and starting a new life in England.Include
2、 information from the book.Social StudiesResearch another hero of World War II.In an essay,describe what this person accomplished and compare those efforts to the efforts of Nicholas Winton.Connectionswww.readinga-Escape From the Holocaust:How Nicholas Winton Saved 669 ChildrenLEVELED BOOK Z2Written
3、 byJennifer DobnerYZ1Z2www.readinga-Escape From the HolocaustWho is Nicholas Winton,and why is he considered a hero?Focus QuestionWritten by Jennifer DobnerEscape From the HolocaustLevel Z2 Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Jennifer DobnerAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover,p
4、age 16:UK History/Alamy;title page:REUTERS/Toby Melville;pages 4,8:AP Images;page 5:Kim Masters;pages 6,13,17:Hulton-Deutsch Collection/Corbis;page 9:Bettmann/Corbis;page 10:Franka Bruns/AP Images;page 19:Geoff Caddick/AFP/Getty Images;page 21:REUTERS/Toby Melville;page 22:V.Alhadeff/Lebrecht/The Im
5、age Works;page 23:Lewis Whyld/PA Wire/AP Imagesanguished atrocious concentration camps Hebrew Holocaust humanitarian Jewish keepsakes prohibited refugees regime spiritedWords to KnowCorrelationLEVEL Z2YZN/A70+Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA3Table of ContentsA Girl Leaves Home .4The British Banker
6、 Comes to Prague .7Hitler and His Plans .8Wintons Appeal to the World .12Wintons Trains .15A Secret Discovered .18In His Own Words .23Glossary .24 CZECHOSLOVAKIAENGLANDPragueNORTH SEABALTIC SEAEnglish ChannelMEDITERRANEAN SEAEurope,1939GERMANYEscape From the Holocaust Level Z24A Girl Leaves HomeVera
7、 Gissing remembers the day the German army invaded Czechoslovakia.It was March 15,1939,and she was a young Jewish girl who awoke to the sounds of tanks and German soldiers marching through Pragues streets.Soldiers even commandeered rooms in her familys home and ordered the family to speak only Germa
8、n.When Gissings father refused,she watched a soldier spit in his face.It was bad,and it was only the beginning.German soldiers invade Prague,Czechoslovakia,in 1939.The Czech people watch in silence.5Gissing also remembers the day her parents sent her away on a train with dozens of other Prague child
9、ren.It was shortly before her eleventh birthday,and she was dressed in her best clothes,a numbered tag hanging around her neck.At Pragues main railroad station,the steam from the engines rose and encircled the families gathered on the platform.Parents embraced their children,whispering words of love
10、 and hope.“Ill never forget the anguished expression on my parents faces that morning,”said Gissing in 2002,recalling that day sixty-three years earlier.The Eberstark girls,Elli(middle),Alice(top left)and Josi(top right),never saw their parents again after leaving on the train from Prague.Escape Fro
11、m the Holocaust Level Z26One by one,the children boarded a train bound for England.As the train departed,Gissing says she tried to keep her eyes focused on her parents faces,not knowing then that she would never see them again.She could not have anticipated that theyalong with most of the other pare
12、nts at the stationwould soon be sent away to die.She also knew nothing of the stranger from Great Britain who opened his heart to save her and then kept his actions secret from everyone for nearly fifty years.A German Jewish girl arrives in England in 1938.7The British Banker Comes to PragueIn 1938,
13、Nicholas Winton was a twenty-nine-year-old banker working in London who had big plans for his Christmas holiday:a ski vacation in the Alps with his good friend Martin Blake.However,the friends never made it to the Alps.Just prior to Wintons departure,Blake invited Winton to join him instead in Pragu
14、e,the capital city of Czechoslovakia.There,Blake was involved in humanitarian efforts to provide food and other forms of help to thousands of displaced Jewish families from a part of northern Czechoslovakia known as the Sudetenland.“I only went to Prague because wed discussed a good deal,if not dail
15、y,what was happening in Europe,”Winton once said.“The last thing I thought was that I was going to work.”PragueCZECHOSLOVAKIAAUSTRIAGERMANYPOLANDHUNGARYGermany took over the borderlands of Czechoslovakia (the Sudetenland)in 1938.Central Europe,1938SUDETENLANDEscape From the Holocaust Level Z28Hitler
16、 and His PlansThe takeover of the Sudetenland turned out to be part of a sinister plot by Germanys leader,Adolf Hitler.Once an army soldier,Hitler was bitterly angry that Germany had lost World War I in 1918,and he blamed that loss and subsequent economic depression in part on the Jews,whom he belie
17、ved were an inferior race.After the war,Hitler helped form the German Workers Party,which eventually became the Nazi Party,a group that sought to restore Germanys power in the world.A passionate speaker who could excite and incite a crowd,Hitler soon became a popular leader.In time,Hitler and the Na
18、zis became so powerful that he was named Germanys chancellor.He seized control of the government,banned all other political parties,and started to expand the military.He also created a secret plan to reclaim territory Germany had been forced to surrender as part of the Treaty of Versailles at the en
19、d of World War I.Hitler shouts to a crowd in Austria in 1938.9In 1936,Hitler set his plan in motion and by 1940 had reclaimed land that had been given to France.Two years earlier,Hitler had taken control of Austria,the country where he had been born.In both cases,leaders of other European countries
20、objected,but no one intervened to thwart Hitlers plans.Next,Hitler set his sights on acquiring the Sudetenland,an area along the border of Germany and Czechoslovakia where many German-speaking people lived.In 1938,Hitler met with the leaders of France,Great Britain,and Italythree countries that were
21、 allies of the Czechs to discuss his plan.Rather than get involved in another war,those leaders agreed to Hitlers demands and signed the Munich Agreement,ceding the Sudetenland to German rule.German troops enter the Sudetenland.While some welcomed the Germans with a salute,others fled the area in fe
22、ar.Escape From the Holocaust Level Z210The Story of the StarsMany of the photos of Jews from World War II show men,women,and children wearing six-pointed stars on their clothing.Often made from two interlocking triangles,the six-pointed star is also known as the Star of David.It has been used as a s
23、ymbol of Judaism for thousands of years.During World War II,the Nazis decided that all Jews should wear the stars so that they could be easily identified by non-Jews.The stars were meant as a badge of shame and something to encourage discrimination against Jewish people.The rule applied to all Jews
24、over the age of six who lived in any country controlled by Germany.Many European citizens distrusted Hitler and believed that he intended to take over even more of Europe.Jews were particularly frightened because under Hitler,Germany had passed many laws against them:Jews could no longer work as law
25、yers,doctors,or journalists,for example,or use public hospitals or attend public schools after age 14.Other laws prohibited Jews from marrying anyone who was not also a Jew.All these regulations stemmed from Hitlers belief that Germany could only become a great nation again if it were“cleansed”of wh
26、at he considered inferior races.11Hitler began to take more aggressive steps to achieve his goal.He ordered the army to gather up Jews born in Poland or Russia and remove them from Germany.The Jews were forced out of their homes with only the belongings they could carry,loaded onto trucks or wagons,
27、driven to the border,and left there.Being forcibly deported,however,was not the worst that could happen.Soon after,the army arrested 30,000 German Jews and placed them in Nazi concentration camps.The camps were a kind of prison where enemies of Hitler were sent to live and work as punishment.These e
28、vents so terrified Jews across Europe that many decided to leave their homes to escape Nazi persecution.In Prague,Jewish refugees were living in squalid camps set up in the city as short-term shelters.Winton visited the camps and saw that they were cold,dirty,and jammed with thousands of people.Some
29、 aid groups were trying to help Jews find new homes,but Winton noticed that the focus was on old or sick people.It didnt seem as though anything was being done for the Jewish children of Czechoslovakia,so Winton decided that he would try to save them.Escape From the Holocaust Level Z212“The situatio
30、n was bad,”Winton said in a 2002 film about his life.“These refugees felt and we felt that the days were numbered before the Germans would arrive in the rest of Czechoslovakia.But how could they save themselves?What could they do?Where should they go?They were stuck.”Wintons Appeal to the WorldWinto
31、ns first step was to establish headquarters at a hotel on Pragues Wenceslas Square.Each day,he sat at a table in the dining room,meeting with the parents who wanted to place their children out of Hitlers reach.Wintons plan was to find safe homes for the children with families outside of Czechoslovak
32、ia.A program in Germany and Austria called the“Kindertransport”was using trains to transport thousands of Jewish children to safety in Great Britain.Winton thought a similar program could help save thousands of Czech children.Word of the“Englishman of Wenceslas Square”spread quickly.Desperate Czech
33、families flocked to the hotel by the hundreds seeking Wintons assistance.Winton hired two assistants to work with the families and returned to England to find places for the children to live and raise money for the rescue effort.13In London,Winton began a letter-writing campaign to the governments o
34、f countries around the world,requesting that they take the children.Many countries refused;their laws would not permit children to come without parents.Only Sweden and Great Britain agreed to help.Yet England had its own strict rules about bringing the children into the country.Besides finding a fam
35、ily to take each child,the British government said Winton must pay a fee to cover later costs of returning children home A school in Czechoslovakia houses refugee families from the Sudetenland.Escape From the Holocaust Level Z214to Czechoslovakia when it was safe.At fifty pounds per child,such a fee
36、 represented a small fortune.Winton collected what he could from donors and made up the rest himself.To find families for the children,Winton placed ads in newspapers across Great Britain and talked with religious organizations.He posted or sent pictures of the children all over the country,hoping t
37、hat once families saw the human side of this terrible situation,they would be moved to help.At the same time,Winton tried to work with contacts within the German and British governments to obtain the necessary paperwork that would allow children to travel through Europe and enter England.When things
38、 moved too slowly,sometimes Winton and a small team of helpers created fake permits.“We just speeded the process up a little,”Winton said.Word WiseThe pound is Great Britains form of money,or currency.Fifty pounds was considered“a small fortune”in 1939 because back then,fifty pounds was worth a lot.
39、In 1939,what cost 50 pounds would have cost more than$200 in U.S.dollars.In 2014,that translates to more than$3,400 U.S.dollars.15Wintons TrainsWintons hard work finally paid off on March 14,1939,when the first fifteen children left Prague for Great Britain by airplane.Over the next six months,seven
40、 trains full of children left Pragues Wilson Railway Station.The trains took the children to Holland and the coast,where they boarded a boat to cross the English Channel.They ended their journey in the arms of their new families at a London train station,where a smiling Winton looked on.PragueLondon
41、FerryAUSTRIAGERMANYENGLANDPOLANDHUNGARYFRANCEITALYNORTH SEABALTIC SEAEnglish ChannelSeven trainloads of children traveled from Prague to London in 1939.On the coast of Holland,the children boarded a ferry to cross the English Channel.After crossing the channel,they boarded a second train for London.
42、Winton Train Route CZECHOSLOVAKIAEscape From the Holocaust Level Z216In all,669 children were shuttled to safety.Some carried keepsakes from home and letters of thanks from their parents to their new British families.Most of the children went to live in homes with families,while others went to live
43、at a Czech boarding school in Wales.Winton had plans for an eighth train to leave Prague on September 3,1939,carrying 250 more children.On that day,however,Hitlers army invaded Poland and closed all German-controlled borders.The train disappeared,and the children were never seen again.What followed
44、was a horrible military struggle that lasted nearly six years and cost millions of lives.It drew in nations from around the world and became known as World War II.Winton in 1939 with one of the children he rescued from Czechoslovakia17As part of his war effort,Hitler decided in 1941 that all Jews mu
45、st be eliminated.Millions of people were forced into concentration camps to work until they grew so weak that they died.But even that wasnt enough for this brutal regime.When the Nazis decided that people died too slowly in the camps,they began killing them instead.Hitlers attempt to destroy the Jew
46、ish population is known as the Holocaust.Some Jews also call it Shoah,a Hebrew word that means a“whirlwind of destruction.”In all,six million Jews were murdered during the war,including more than a million children.Millions of non-Jews were also murdered.The Holocaust is considered one of the most a
47、trocious crimes in all of human history.A barbed-wire fence separates male and female prisoners at a German concentration camp.A guard keeps watch at right.Escape From the Holocaust Level Z218A Secret DiscoveredThe war brought a sudden end to Wintons rescue mission,so he sought other ways to help.He
48、 worked for the Red Cross relief organization and later joined the Royal Air Force and became a pilot.After the war,Winton resumed his old life he went back to banking,then got married and had a family.He never spoke of the children he had worked so hard to save until 1988,when his wife,Grete,accide
49、ntally discovered her husbands secreta dusty leather briefcase hidden in the attic containing a worn old scrapbook filled with pictures of the children.Beside each photo was the childs name,information about the childs family in Czechoslovakia,and the address of the British family who had volunteere
50、d to be wartime guardians.The scrapbook also contained letters and other papers describing in great detail the work Winton had done.Grete urged her husband to tell his story,and soon a newspaper published an article about Winton.That same year,a British television show called Thats Life did a progra