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1、ZZ1Z2Abraham Lincoln:From Log Cabin to the White HouseA Reading AZ Level Z2 Leveled BookWord Count:1,991WritingCreate five interview questions that you would ask Lincoln if you could.Develop responses to the questions based on how you think Lincoln would respond.Social StudiesLook up the text of the
2、 Gettysburg Address.Research vocabulary you do not understand.Rewrite the speech in your own words.ConnectionsVisit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.AbrAhAm LincoLn:From Log Cabin to the White House LEVELED BOOK Z2www.readinga-Written by Bea SilverbergAbraham Lincoln:From Log Cabin
3、 to the White HouseLevel Z2 Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Bea SilverbergIllustrated by Maria VorisAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover:Archive Images/Alamy;back cover:iStock/Greg Mullis Photography;title page:Corbis;page 4:iStock/Alice Scully;page 5:courtesy of Library of
4、Congress,P&P Div LC-B817-7951;page 9:courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Div LC-USZC4-6189;page 11:courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Div LC-B8171-3608;page 12:North Wind Picture Archives/Alamy;page 14(top):courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Div LC-USZ62-16377;page 14(bottom):courtesy of Library o
5、f Congress,Brady-Handy Collection,P&P Div LC-USZ62-110141;page 15:courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Div LC-USZC4-2472;page 16:courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Div LC-DIG-ppmsca-07636;page 17:courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Div LC-B817-7948;page 18:courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Div LC-
6、B817-7890;page 19:courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Div LC-B8184-7964-A;page 20:courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Div LC-USZ61-1938;page 21:courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Div LC-USZ62-2073;page 22(top):courtesy of Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park/NPS;page 22(bottom):Bettm
7、ann/CorbisCorrelationLEVEL Z2YZN/A70+Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAAbrAhAm LincoLn From Log Cabin to the White Housewww.readinga-Written by Bea SilverbergWhy is Abe Lincoln considered one of the most famous American presidents?Focus Questionabolitionistcivil rightseloquentemancipatorequalityhome
8、spuninhumanelymomentousoratorsecedesolemnsovereigntyWords to Know34Table of ContentsIntroduction .4The Early Years .6Law and Politics .9America Divided .13The War Years .16Glossary .24IntroductionAbraham Lincoln,one of the most famous American presidents,is remembered for his dedication to freedom.L
9、incoln led the United States during the Civil War,1861 to 1865,when the Northern and Southern states fought to decide the future of the country.He is known as the“Great Emancipator”because he freed the slaves.After the war,the United States became one nation,pledged to freedom and democracy for all.
10、The Lincoln Memorial in Washington,D.C.Abraham Lincoln:From Log Cabin to the White House Level Z256We think of Abraham Lincoln as a great American folk hero and tell many stories and legends about him.He is often pictured as tall,lanky,and solemn.He is remembered as a“common man”who was born in a lo
11、g cabin in Kentucky with little regular schooling.Yet he became a great lawyer,speaker,and political leader.His eloquent speeches about freedom,justice,and uniting all Americans are carved in stone at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington,D.C.His belief was simple:“As I would not be a slave,so I would
12、not be a master.This expresses my idea of democracy.”The Early Years Abraham Lincoln was born to Thomas and Nancy Hanks Lincoln on February 12,1809,on a small log-cabin farm near Hodgenville,Kentucky.After moving to nearby Knob Creek,Abe and his older sister,Sarah,went to school for short periods du
13、ring the winters.His mother,Nancy,encouraged their“eddication,”but his father,Tom,wanted Abe to help with chores.When Abe was seven,the family moved to Indiana,hoping for a better life.Two years after Tom built a new log cabin,Nancy became ill with“milk sickness”and died.Abe and Sarah mourned the de
14、ath of their hard-working,loving mother.Soon after,Abes father married Sarah Bush Johnston,a widow and mother of three whom Tom had known in Kentucky.With love and care,she created a warm life for Abe and Sarah.She encouraged Abe as he grew into a tall,awkward youth.He spent much time in the woods u
15、sing his ax to fell trees and split logs for fences,wagons,and farm equipment.Friends told of Abes moody quietness,even though Abe told homey,humorous stories.President Lincoln with General McClellan and a group of officers,Antietam,Maryland,October 3,1862Abraham Lincoln:From Log Cabin to the White
16、House Level Z278Abe went to school for only a few weeks in the winters,walking 18 miles(29 km)daily.Mostly he educated himself by borrowing books and newspapers from neighbors and travelers.These were frontier days when people moved westward,following Daniel Boone,Johnny Appleseed,and other pioneers
17、.Their stories,and the books he read,sparked ideas of a world larger than Abes backwoods.They prepared him for adulthood and his political career.As a teenager,Abe,now a strong 6 feet 4 inches(2 m),traveled down the Mississippi on a flatboat loaded with produce.He floated,steering with a pole,to the
18、 busy port of New Orleans,where he saw the citys wonders and people of many colors and nationalities.For the first time,Abe saw black men,women,and children chained at slaveholding pens and auction blocks to be bought and sold.After Abes return,his father again moved the family westward to central I
19、llinois near the town of Decatur.Abe helped his father build a new log cabin,and soon after,left the homestead at age 22.In the frontier village of New Salem,Abe worked various jobs,including storekeeper,surveyor,and carpenter.He became well known as a wrestler and as a skilled orator in the New Sal
20、em Debating Society.He ran for the Illinois state legislature,losing in 1832 but succeeding two years later.A lawyer and fellow legislator,John Todd Stuart,encouraged Abe to study law.Abe read law books,passed the exams in March 1837,and joined Stuarts law practice,moving to Springfield,where the Il
21、linois legislature met.Abe traveled on a flatboat to the city of New Orleans.Abes early campaigns made him a skilled communicator.Abraham Lincoln:From Log Cabin to the White House Level Z2910Law and PoliticsAbraham Lincolns views were based on his strong belief in democratic rights for the common ma
22、nthat each person was important regardless of wealth or privilege.He became a respected member of the Whig Party,supporting strong central government in Washington,D.C.The other leading party,the Democrats,believed in“states rights,”or that states should control their own affairs without interferenc
23、e from Washington.At the age of 30,Lincoln met his future wife,Mary Ann Todd.She was the fashionable daughter of a wealthy Kentucky banker.Her background was very different from Lincolns,yet they fell in love.After overcoming Marys parents objections,they married on November 4,1842.In 1843,their fir
24、st son,Robert,was born.In 1846,Lincoln won the election for Illinois representative to the U.S.Congress and moved to Washington,D.C.,with his family.Lincoln was in Congress as the Northern and Southern states became more divided over the issue of slavery.The North depended on paid laborers in its fa
25、ctories and small farms,and believed in a strong central government.Slavery was outlawed in the Northern states.The South,whose economy revolved around“King Cotton”grown on large plantations,used slave labor.Slaves,primarily black Africans,were owned as property.Most lived under very poor conditions
26、 and were treated inhumanely.They had no personal or civil rights.The laws of Southern states allowed and protected slavery.The United States expanded as western territories applied for statehood.Would these states enter as“free”or“slave”states?The South wanted new lands for slave-grown cotton.The N
27、orth wanted the country to promote independent farms and paid labor.Lincoln opposed slavery,but as an Illinois representative in Washington,he believed that the practice was protected by the state laws in the South.However,he fought the spread of slavery in the western territories.Mary Todd Lincoln,
28、1846Abraham Lincoln:From Log Cabin to the White House Level Z21112During the 1840s,the abolitionist movement,which wanted to outlaw slavery,grew.Its followers,both whites and free blacks,demanded an end to the horrors and inhumanity of holding humans in bondage.Lincoln returned to Springfield after
29、two years in Washington and for the next few years shared a successful law practice with his partner,William Herndon.Lincoln became known for his honesty,legal abilities,wit,and fine oratory.In February 1850,Abraham and Mary faced tragedy when their boy Eddie,nearly four years old,died of tuberculos
30、is.Both parents were deeply depressed,and Mary showed signs of emotional imbalance.In December of that year,a son named William Wallace was born,and three years later came another son,Thomas,or Tad for short.Lincoln was very close to his sons and was a proud and loving father.This building in Atlant
31、a,Georgia,was used to sell slaves.Lincoln with his son Tad,1864Abraham Lincoln:From Log Cabin to the White House Level Z21314America DividedMeanwhile in the 1850s,the pro-and anti-slavery forces struggled for power.Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854.This cancelled an earlier law that fo
32、rbade slavery in these territories.The new law allowed the residents to decide whether they wanted to be free or slave states.This principle of letting the people decide,called“popular sovereignty,”was introduced by an old political rival of Lincolns,Stephen Douglas,now a U.S.senator from Illinois.L
33、incoln decided it was time to speak out against the spread of slavery and to try again for political office.He joined the new Republican Party,which opposed slavery,and was nominated in 1858 as their candidate for senator.His opponent was his old enemy,Senator Douglas.During the campaign,they held t
34、he Lincoln-Douglas debates,which captured the attention of the country.Lincoln,with great oratorical skill,exclaimed that slavery was causing a national crisis.“A house divided against itself cannot stand.I believe this government cannot endure,permanently half slave and half free.”Lincoln argued th
35、at blacks were entitled to the“right to life,liberty,and the pursuit of happiness,”just like whites.Douglas said that the Constitution guaranteed equality only to white citizens,not to blacks.Each state,he believed,had the right to decide whether it would be slave or free.Nebraska TerritoryKansas Te
36、rritoryFree states and territoriesSlave states Areas allowed to chooseUnorganized territoryThe free and slave states shortly before the Civil WarStephen A.DouglasLincoln in 1858,two weeks before his final debate with DouglasAbraham Lincoln:From Log Cabin to the White House Level Z21516Lincoln lost t
37、he election,but the debates made him popular,particularly in the Republican Party.By 1860,he was the partys choice for president.In his campaign rallies and parades,he was called“Honest Abe,”the homespun rail-splitter,a man of the people who stood for equality and freedom.On November 6,1860,Lincoln
38、was elected president of the United States.The North and the western territories rejoiced;the South was outraged.Even before Lincolns inauguration on March 4,1861,seven Southern states voted to secede from the United States of America.By February,the pro-slavery states had established a government,t
39、he Confederate States of America,under President Jefferson Davis,and prepared for war.The War YearsPresident Lincoln,still hoping to avoid bloodshed,said in his inauguration speech,“In your hands,my dissatisfied countrymen,and not in mine,is the momentous issue of civil war.”But events moved swiftly
40、,and by April 14,Northern troops had surrendered Fort Sumter after South Carolina cannons fired on the fort.Both sides,the Union and the Confederacy,quickly mobilized,calling volunteers and collecting arms and supplies.President Lincoln,from his home and office in the Union city of Washington,D.C.,c
41、ould look across the river to the Confederate state of Virginia.The inauguration of Lincoln took place on March 4,1861,at the U.S.Capitol,which was still under construction.Lincoln became known as a“rail splitter”from his work as a young man.Abraham Lincoln:From Log Cabin to the White House Level Z2
42、1718The Souths superior military leadership defeated Union forces in the first battle at Bull Run.Lincoln struggled to find strong commanders to lead the Union troops throughout the war.Under General George B.McClellan,the Union armies had some successes,but by 1862 they were stopped by Confederate
43、General Robert E.Lee.Although Union forces controlled New Orleans and the Mississippi River,there were few victories.Lincoln took over more of the military planning as the North called for action.Enormous numbers of young soldiers on both sides were killed,wounded,or missing as the war continued int
44、o its second year.For Mary and Abraham Lincoln,personal loss threw them into deep despair.Their second son,Willie,died of fever in February 1862.Mary would never fully recover from her grief.Abraham shared his great sadness when he met with the many families mourning war dead.President Lincoln with
45、General McClellan at Antietam.General McClellan would soon be replaced.The Union lost the second battle of Bull Run,and at Antietam both sides suffered the bloodiest engagement of the war.Powerful Republican senators urged President Lincoln to make the abolition of slavery a war goal.They argued tha
46、t to fight the war successfully,the Union needed to remove the issue that caused the war.Lincoln was finally convinced that as president,he had the authority to order abolition in the South.On January 1,1863,the Emancipation Proclamation went into effect,freeing“thenceforth and forever”all the slave
47、s in the South.Freed blacks rushed to join the Union army,and by the end of the war,over 180,000 former slaves had volunteered.Company E,4th U.S.Colored Infantry was composed of former slaves and other free black men.Historical PerspectiveLincolns Emancipation Proclamation was only the first step to
48、ward granting African Americans equal rights.Until the civil rights movement of the 1960s,African Americans were routinely denied jobs,voting rights,and basic human respect.Ask your librarian about books on the civil rights movement,or search the Internet for civil rights movement or Dr.Martin Luthe
49、r King Jr.President Lincoln with General McClellan at Antietam.General McClellan would soon be replaced.Abraham Lincoln:From Log Cabin to the White House Level Z21920The summer of 1863 brought victory to Union forces at Gettysburg,a turning point in the war.President Lincoln,while dedicating a cemet
50、ery to the many soldiers who had died,delivered his famous Gettysburg Address.The speech lasted only two minutes,yet it is remembered for its simple beauty and eloquence.Lincoln spoke of the war as a test of whether the nation could survive as a democracy.He challenged those still alive to complete