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1、Unit 5 Languages around the World 词汇学习1 + 语篇训练 (教师版)【新教材精创】2020-2021学年高一英语新教材知识讲学（人教版必修第一册）Step 1 词汇分类记忆Task 1 阅读词汇(英译中) 1, reference 参考；指称关系 2, ups and downs 沉浮；兴衰；荣辱3, despite 即使；尽管4, factor 因素；要素5, based 以为基础的；以为重要部分的6, date back (to.) 追溯到7, symbol 符号；象征8, shell 壳；壳状物9, carve 雕刻10,dynasty 王朝；朝代11
2、,dialect 地方语；方言12,regard n.尊重；关注; vt.把视为13,calligraphy 书法；书法艺术14, affair 公共事务；事件；关系 15, appreciate 欣赏；重视；感激 16, specific 特定的；明确的17, character 人物；性格；汉字18, gap差距；间隙；开口19, semester学期20, pants裤子；内裤；短裤21, description描写(文字); 形容22, Korean n.朝鲜(或韩国) 语；朝鲜(或韩国) 人; adj. 朝鲜(或韩国)的 23, Danish n. 丹麦语；丹麦人；adj. 丹麦的
3、24, Denmark丹麦 25,Arabic阿拉伯语 26, FIFA国际足联27, CE (Common Era)公园Task 2 写作词汇(中译英)1, 提到；参考；查阅refer 2, 指的是；描述；提到；查阅(短语) refer to 3, 体系；制度；系统system 4, 出生地的；本地的；土著的；本地人 native 5, 态度；看法attitude 6, 十亿billion 7, 以为据点；以为基础；底部；根据base 8, 骨头；骨(质) bone 9, (植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化variety 10, 主要的；重要的；主修课程；主修；专门研究major 11,
4、不论哪里/谁/什么等等；不管哪里/谁/什么等等no matter where/who/what etc. 12, 方式；方法；途径means 13, 传统的；最优秀的；典型的；经典作品；名著classic 14, 全球的；全世界的global 15, 斗争；奋斗；拼搏struggle 16, 舌头；语言tongue 母语mother tongue =native language 17, 观点；看法point of view 18, 汽油；气体 gas 19, 汽油(NAmE gas) petrol 20, 地铁subway 21, 公寓套房apartment 22, 恳求；乞求；哀求beg
5、23, 同等的人；相等物；相同的；同样的equal 24, 要求；需求；强烈要求；查问demand 25, 词汇vocabulary 26, 联系；讲述relate 27, 与相关；涉及；谈到relate to Task 3 词性变换或常用词块1, referencev. refer 2, baseadj. basedn. basis(基础；基底)3, symboladj. symbolic 4, Danishn. Denmark丹麦5, affair常用词块: have an affair with sb.与某人有暧昧关系；foreign affairs外交事务6, appreciaten.
6、 appreciation 7, specificadv. specifically8, semester同义词：term 9, descriptionv. describe10, Koreann. Korea / South Korea(韩国)North Korea(朝鲜)11, systemadj. systematic 有系统的；分类的；体系的；有条理的12, attitude常用词块: an/the attitude to/towards.对的态度13, varietyadj. various v. vary 14, major n. majority 大多数；多数；多数党；多数派15
7、, global n. globe 地球(仪)；球体；世界常用词块: global warming 全球气候变暖16, equal adv. equally n. equality 17, beg n. beggar 乞丐；穷人18, relateadj. related 相关的；有亲属关系的；属于同一种类的(或组别的)n. relation关系；联系；亲戚；陈述；参考Step 2 词汇运用检测。Task 1 Complete the following sentences according to the Chinese meaning.1. It took them more than o
8、ne billion dollars to complete the project. 完成这个工程花费了他们十亿多美元。2. Some computers can perform over a billion computation a second. 有些计算机一秒钟能完成超过十亿次运算。3. Hes emigrated to the USA and gone completely native. 他已移居美国，完全成了美国人。4. My native language is Chinese. 我的母语是汉语。5. The kangaroo is a native of Australia
9、.袋鼠是产于澳大利亚的动物。6. He is a Beijing native. 他是土生土长的北京人。7. We must maintain a firm attitude. 我们必须采取坚定的态度。8. She shows a very positive attitude to her work. 她工作态度非常积极。9. This book is for reference only. 这本书仅供参考。10. This frame of reference will be determined by the limitations on the rational mans knowled
10、ge. 这个参照系统决定于理性人知识的限制。11. We referred the proposal to the board of directors. 我们把这一建议提交董事会处理。12. You should refer this matter to the head office for a decision. 你应当把这事提交总部去决定。13. You can refer to a dictionary if necessary. 如果有必要，你可以参考字典。14. The speaker often referred to his notes.那位演讲者一再参考他的讲稿。15. T
11、he rule refers only to special cases. 这条规则只涉及一些特殊的情况。16. I was not referring to her when I said so. 当我那么说时,我并不是指她。17. The drainage system has been aged. 排水系统已经老化了。18. The magazine is produced using a desktop publishing system. 这本杂志用一个桌面的出版系统做出来的。19. Despite old age, she is still learning to drive. 尽
12、管年事已高,她还在学开车。20. Despite all our efforts we still lost the game. 尽管我们尽了全力，我们还是输掉了比赛。Task 2 单句语法填空1. Her bosom rose (rise) and fell as she breathed.The determinate factor of our economy (economic)is to control inflation.3. The committees support is an important factor in the success (succeed) of the
13、project.4. We are based (base) in Chicago.5. The companys headquarters is based in London.6. I found a small leaf at the base of the flower.7. Our mission was over, and went (go) back to our base.8. This novel is based on historical facts.9. Scientists (science) have dated the fossils by their bone
14、structure.10. Surgeons have made a great breakthrough in the bone operation(operate).11. There is an ornament made (make) of shells on the wall.12. All that remained of the building after the fire was an empty shell.13. The chemical (chemistry) symbol for copper is Cu.14. The statue was carved (carv
15、e) out of marble(大理石).15. We will look for a pumpkin, to carve into a jack-o-lantern.16. How many dynasties (dynasty) are there in Chinas history?17. The Qing Dynasty ended (end) in 1911.18. The hotel offers its guests a wide variety (various)of amusements.19. Last week we went (go) to a variety sho
16、w.20. That is why the television networks keep serving (serve) up old movies and second-rate variety programmes.Task 3 Translation.1. 那个城市聚集了全国大部分人口。(major)The city holds the major portion of the population in the country.2. 教育孩子成为诚实的人是我们的主要目标之一。(major)Teaching children to be an honest person is one
17、 of our major objectives.3. 他是主修历史的学生。(major)He is a history major. 4. 她在大学期间主修数学和物理。She majored in maths and physics at university.(major)5. 不管她在哪里，她都会是幸福的。(No matter where)No matter where she may be, she will be happy.6. 她说一口方言，不是标准英语。(dialect)She speaks a dialect, not the Queens English.7. 有什么方法可
18、以到那里吗？(means)Are there any means of getting there?8. 我们用词句来表达思想。(means)We express our thought by means of words.9.战争与和平是一部经典文学著作。(classic)War and Peace is a literary classic.10. 这篇小说被公认为是最优秀的作品之一。(classic)The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.11. 这位艺术家非常受尊敬。(regard)The artist was highly
19、regarded.12. 我把看书当作一种消遣的形式。(regard)I regard reading as a form of recreation.13. 我这样做是出于对我妹妹的关心。(regard)I have done that out of regard for my sister.14. 这孩子个性很强。(character)The boy has a strong character.15.他因品质高尚而被人怀念。(character)He is remembered for the nobility of his character.16. 您可以在那个书架上找到有关书法的书
20、。(calligraphy)You can find books about calligraphy on that shelf.17. 绿色运动是全球性的现象。(global)The green campaign is a global phenomenon.18. 空气污染是全球性的问题。(global)Air pollution is a global problem.19. 他们的风流韵事是公开的秘密。(love affair)Their love affair is an open secret.20. 我很欣赏他对工作的极端专注。(appreciate) I really appr
21、eciate his complete absorption in his work.Step 3 语篇提升训练 (语法填空)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。1When you own a house, there is always something that needs to be done. I have been putting off1. repainting(repaint) the garage. I decided that it was time for me to repaint it this weekend. I went
22、 to2. ahome improvement store early in the morning to get what I3. needed(need). I walked into the wonderful store and began looking4. forthe paint department. I tried to find a store employee to ask about it,5. butthere was no one in sight. I walked down the plumbing aisles (过道) and6. finally(final
23、) found the paint department. I looked at the paint samples and found the color I wanted. I7. took(take) a number to have my paint mixed. When my number was called, I gave the employee the sample of the color I wanted. At the same time, I got some brushes and rags. After about twenty8. minutes(minut
24、e), the employee called9. my(I) number and I picked up my paint and the other supplies. I went to the counter, where I waited for10. more(much) than 10 minutes to pay. After all that, I was tired. But I havent even started painting yet! Maybe Ill do that the next weekend.答案与解析：1.repainting答案：repaint
25、ing解析：考查动名词。put off doing sth意为：推迟做某事。2.a答案：a解析：考查冠词。首次提到的事物用不定冠词，且home是辅音音素开头的，故填a。3.needed答案：needed解析：考查动词的时态。表示去商店的目的是为了“买我所要的东西”根据上下文可知需要用一般过去时。4.for答案：for解析：考查介词。很据上下文，作者去商店买东西，因此到了商店后开始寻找自己需要的东西。look for意为寻找，是固定搭配。5.but答案：but解析：考查连词。根据上下文可知此处前后存在转折关系，故要用转折连词but。6.finally答案：finally解析：考查副词。在句中作状
26、语，故用副词形式。7.took答案：took解析：考查时态。根据上下文可知此处要用一般过去时态。8.minutes答案：minutes解析：考查名词。根据twenty知此处用名词复数。9.my答案：my解析：考查代词。修饰名词用形容词性物主代词。10.more答案：more解析：考查形容词比较级。根据后文than 10 minutes to pay可知，作者等了十多分钟去付款。2I often walk from work to the Embarcadero BART station, where I catch a train back to the East Bay. Several t
27、imes, I passed1. agentleman who I thought was homeless. He had a lot of his things2. tied(tie) down to his bike and held a cardboard sign saying he was a person who didnt drink or smoke, but would appreciate anything that could3. be given(give). He usually had headphones on and was listening to the
28、radio. Several times,4. whenI passed him, I realized I had some food with me. So I turned around and offered5. him(he) the food (most recently, a hamburger). He took off his headphones, and said, Umm,6. hamburgers(hamburger) are my favorite! with a big smile on his face. He thanked me so7. warmly(wa
29、rm). In the past, I met homeless people who turned down the food I was offering,8. saying(say) that they wanted only money instead. So this9. amazing(amaze) gentleman being so open to receiving touched me. Am I grateful when Im gifted10. with something? Sometimes yes, sometimes no, but rarely as sin
30、cere as this man has been.答案与解析：1.a答案：a解析：考查冠词。首次提到的名词，表示泛指用不定冠词修饰，且gentleman是辅音音素开头的，故填冠词a。2.tied答案：tied解析：考查分词。have sth done为固定搭配。3.be given答案：be given解析：考查语态。anything 与give之间为被动关系，又因情态动词后用动词原形，故填be given。4.when答案：when解析：考查连词。此处需要一个连词，表示在的时候。5.him答案：him解析：考查代词。用him 指代上文中的那个gentleman。6.hamburgers答案
31、：hamburgers解析：考查名词。由 are可知此处用复数形式，故填hamburgers。7.warmly答案：warmly解析：考查副词。修饰谓语动词用副词。8.saying答案：saying解析：考查非谓语动词。homeless people 与say之间是主动关系，故此处要用动词的ing形式作伴随状语。9.amazing答案：amazing解析：考查形容词。此处用形容词修饰名词。10.with答案：with解析：考查介词。be gifted with sth是固定搭配，表示被赠予某事物。阅读理解A篇British English and American English are al
32、most the same. But there are slight differences between British and American English in vocabulary, pronunciation, spelling and grammar. The first difference between British and American English is in vocabulary. Almost all of the words used in British English and American English are exactly the sa
33、me. Only a very small number of words are useddisparately. For example, when talking about the place where they live, Americans would say apartment, but the British would say flat. In addition to some common words, many idiomatic (惯用的) expressions are also different. In England people might say Ill
34、ring you up tonight, but in the US, people might say Ill call you up tonight. The second difference between British and American English is in pronunciation. The main difference in pronunciation concerns the vowels (元音). Some American dialects and some British dialects use vowels in different ways.
35、Sometimes, Americans and the British dont understand each others pronunciation. But most of the time, they do understand each others pronunciation because most of the sounds of the two dialects are the same. The third difference is very small. This is the difference in spelling. A few types of words
36、 are spelled differently in British and American English. The most common example is in a word like center. In British English, this word would be spelled C-E-N-T-R-E, while in American English the same word would be spelled C-E-N-T-E-R. Another example is or vs our. The word color is spelled C-O-L-
37、O-U-R in Britain but C-O-L-O-R in the US. There are a few differences in grammar, too. The British may say Have you got .? while Americans prefer Do you have .? An American might say My friend just arrived, but a British would say My friend has just arrived. Sometimes function words are used differe
38、ntly: the British may say at the weekend, but Americans would say on the weekend.1.What is this passage mainly about?A. How the British communicate with Americans.B. How British English influences American English.C. The development of different languages.D. Differences between British and American
39、English.答案：D解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者主要向我们介绍了英式英语和美式英语之间的一些差异。2. What does the underlined word disparately in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Widely. B. Differently. C. Again. D. Often.答案：B解析：词义猜测题。根据后文的when talking about the place where they live, Americans would say “apartment”, but the British would say “flat”.可知，这
40、里是说有些单词的用法“不一样”，由此可知答案。3. According to Paragraph 3, Americans and the British may not understand each other because of_.A. the differences in spelling B. the different idiomatic expressionsC. the differences in grammar D. the different ways of using vowels答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的The main difference in pr
41、onunciation concerns the vowels.可知答案。4. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?A. B. C. D. 答案：B解析：篇章结构题。文章第一段总领全文，指出英式英语和美式英语存在四个方面的差异，后面四段分点进行对比分析，由此可知答案。BOnly about 10% of deaf people use sign language as their first language. Many people losing their hearing through
42、illness or other causes prefer to speak or lip-read. Lip-reading is a difficult skill to acquire. Even the best lip-readers can catch only 25% 30% of what is being said. The percentage may be a little higher if the deaf people know the speakers well. This is because many mouth movements are similar
43、and may look the same to them. Actually, many deaf people are not physically mute (哑的) and have the ability to speak. They do not want to be labeled as deaf-mute. The reason why some deaf people may choose not to speak is that it is difficult for them to control the volume or sound of their voices i
44、n an understandable manner. Many deaf people do speak well, but they may speak to communicate when needed, such as shouting to get the attention of others. For some deaf people, English is a second language. So they struggle to understand written English, especially in highly stressful or serious si
45、tuations, to better communicate with others. Of course, a sign language interpreter may be needed to make communication easier if the deaf people have a good grasp of sign language. Some people may be likely to shout at deaf people so as to make themselves fully understood. In fact, it doesnt work.
46、If a speaker increases the volume of his voice, his face would become distorted (扭曲的) and it is more difficult for the deaf to lip-read. Hearing aids can increase sounds and may be helpful to some deaf people. However, some other deaf people may have a hearing loss that would distort sounds making sounds more difficult to understand. Still others dont benefit from hearing aids at all, particularly if they do not have any remaining hearing.5. What made lip-readin